Bio Semester II Review (1 Of 3)

Individuals who are heterozygous for a disorder but do not have the disorder are called carriers. Carriers have one copy of the mutated gene responsible for the disorder and one normal copy. Although carriers do not exhibit symptoms of the disorder themselves, they can pass on the mutated gene to their offspring. Carriers are often unaffected by the disorder but can play a role in its inheritance within a population.

Evolution is the correct answer because it refers to the change in a species over time. It encompasses various processes such as mutation and natural selection, which contribute to the adaptation and development of species. Camouflage, on the other hand, is a specific adaptation strategy used by some species to blend into their environment, but it does not encompass the overall change in a species over time.

Natural selection can be defined as the survival and reproduction of organisms that are well-suited to their environment. This means that individuals with traits that enable them to better survive and reproduce in a particular environment are more likely to pass on those traits to future generations. Over time, this process leads to the accumulation of advantageous traits in a population, increasing its overall fitness and adaptability to its environment.

The pelvis and femur in whales are considered vestigial structures because they are remnants of ancestral structures that were once functional in their land-dwelling ancestors but have lost their original function in the evolutionary process. Whales no longer use these bones for walking or supporting their weight, as they have adapted to aquatic life. The presence of these vestigial structures in whales is evidence of their evolutionary history and their shared ancestry with land-dwelling mammals.

A scientific name consists of both the genus and species. The genus represents a group of closely related species, while the species refers to a specific organism within that genus. This naming system, known as binomial nomenclature, allows scientists to accurately identify and classify different organisms based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Heredity is the correct answer because it refers to the passing of traits from parents to offspring. It involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, allowing for the inheritance of physical characteristics, behaviors, and other traits. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a process of cell division, while maturation refers to the process of becoming fully developed or mature. Puberty is a specific stage of development in which individuals reach sexual maturity.

Charles Darwin is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin's groundbreaking work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859, presented evidence and arguments for the idea that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection. His theory revolutionized the field of biology and had a profound impact on our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth. Mendel is known for his work on genetics, Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, and Linnaeus is known for his work on taxonomy.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This means that humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, with each pair consisting of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father. These chromosomes contain the genetic information that determines various traits and characteristics in humans.

Plants are considered autotrophs because they have the ability to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose, which is their source of energy. This ability to self-nourish distinguishes plants from heterotrophs, which rely on consuming other organisms for their energy needs. Unicellular refers to organisms that are made up of a single cell, which is not applicable to all plants. Parasites are organisms that rely on a host organism for their survival, which is not characteristic of plants in general.

The phenotype of an organism refers to its physical appearance, which is determined by its genetic composition. It is the observable characteristics that can be seen and studied. This includes traits such as hair color, eye color, and height. The phenotype is influenced by both genetic factors and environmental factors, and it is an important aspect in understanding the expression of traits in organisms.

The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. This formula represents the molecular composition of glucose, which consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. Glucose is a simple sugar and is an important source of energy for living organisms.

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their favorable alleles to the next generation. Over time, this leads to an increase in the frequency of these favorable alleles within a population. As a result, individuals with these traits become more common, while individuals without them become less common. Therefore, the correct answer is "increase in a population."

Gregor Mendel is considered to be the father of modern genetics because of his groundbreaking work on pea plants in the mid-19th century. Through meticulous experimentation and observation, Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance and laid the foundation for the field of genetics. His laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, formed the basis for our understanding of how traits are passed from one generation to the next. Mendel's work was not widely recognized during his lifetime, but his discoveries were later rediscovered and became the cornerstone of modern genetics.

If the mother is a carrier of the color-blind gene and the father is color-blind, there is a 50% chance that their daughters will inherit the color-blind gene and be color-blind. Similarly, there is a 50% chance that their sons will inherit the color-blind gene from the mother and be color-blind. Therefore, the correct answer is 50; 50.

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on consuming organic compounds produced by other organisms. This means that it needs to feed on other living organisms or organic matter to obtain the energy and nutrients it needs to survive. Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis, heterotrophs are dependent on external sources for their sustenance. Therefore, the correct answer is heterotroph.

Archea is the correct answer because it is a kingdom that consists of unicellular prokaryotes. These organisms are known for living in extreme conditions such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and acidic environments. They have unique cell structures and metabolic processes that allow them to survive in these harsh habitats. Eubacteria, Protist, and Fungi are not the correct answers as they do not specifically refer to unicellular prokaryotes that live in extreme conditions.

When a heterozygous purple plant is crossed with another heterozygous purple plant, the possible genotypes of the offspring are PP, Pp, and Pp. The dominant phenotype is purple, which is expressed in the PP and Pp genotypes. Therefore, 75% of the offspring will be purple.

When crossing a purple-flowered, tall plant (AaBB) with a purple-flowered, short plant (Aabb), the offspring will inherit one copy of the "A" allele for purple flowers from each parent, resulting in all offspring being purple-flowered. Additionally, the offspring will inherit one copy of the "B" allele for tallness from the tall parent, resulting in half of the offspring being tall. Therefore, out of the 16 offspring, we would expect 8 to be purple and 8 to be tall. Since half of the offspring will be both purple and tall, we can expect 8 to be purple, tall.

The correct answer is Protist because the kingdom Protist is largely comprised of unicellular eukaryotes. Protists are a diverse group of organisms that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, but are not plants, animals, or fungi. They can be found in various habitats, including freshwater, marine environments, and soil. Some protists are photosynthetic, while others are heterotrophic, and they can reproduce asexually or sexually. Overall, the kingdom Protist encompasses a wide range of unicellular eukaryotic organisms.