Advances in Genetics lesson quiz

Explanation
Genetic engineering refers to the process of transferring genes from one organism to another by manipulating their DNA. This can be done by inserting specific genes into the DNA of the target organism, resulting in the expression of desired traits. It is a technique commonly used in scientific research, agriculture, and medicine to produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with improved characteristics or to study gene function. Selective breeding involves the controlled mating of organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those traits. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an organism, while hybridization refers to the crossing of two different species to produce offspring with mixed traits.

Explanation
Hybridization is the process in which breeders cross two genetically different individuals. This involves mating two individuals with different genetic traits to create offspring that inherit a combination of traits from both parents. This method is commonly used in agriculture and horticulture to produce new varieties with desired characteristics, such as disease resistance or improved yield. Selective breeding, on the other hand, involves selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits within the same species. Genetic engineering refers to the manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology techniques.

Explanation
Inbreeding is the crossing of two individuals that have similar desirable characteristics. This process is commonly used in genetics to create offspring with a higher likelihood of inheriting these desirable traits. Inbreeding can help to concentrate and stabilize these desired characteristics within a population.

Explanation
Artificial selection is the process in which organisms with desired traits are deliberately chosen to be parents of the next generation. This is done by humans, who selectively breed individuals that possess the desired traits, in order to enhance those traits in future generations. Unlike cloning, which involves the replication of an individual organism, or hybridization, which involves the crossing of two different species or varieties, artificial selection focuses on selecting and breeding specific individuals based on their desirable traits. Therefore, the correct answer is artificial selection.

Explanation
Cloning results in an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced. This process involves creating an identical copy of an organism by replicating its genetic material. Through cloning, the genetic information of the original organism is preserved, resulting in an organism with identical genes. Inbreeding, genetic engineering, and hybridization do not necessarily result in an organism with exactly the same genes as the original organism.

Explanation
Gene therapy is the process of correcting a genetic disorder by inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cells. This can be done to replace a faulty gene with a healthy one or to introduce a new gene that can help treat or prevent a specific disease. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of genetic disorders and has the potential to provide long-term or even permanent solutions to these conditions.

Explanation
Plasmids are small rings of DNA found in some bacterial cells. They are separate from the bacterial chromosome and can replicate independently. Plasmids often carry additional genes that provide advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to produce certain proteins. They can be transferred between bacterial cells, allowing for the spread of these advantageous traits.

Explanation
Genetic engineering, the process of altering the genetic material of an organism, is a cause for concern among some people. They worry that the manipulation of crops through genetic engineering may have negative consequences for the environment and human health. This concern arises from the potential for unintended side effects or the introduction of novel genes that could disrupt ecosystems or pose risks to human well-being.

Explanation
A clone is an exact genetic replica of the parent plant. By using a stem cutting from an African violet, we can easily produce a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent. This is because stem cuttings contain all the necessary genetic information to grow into a new plant. Therefore, the correct answer is clone.

Explanation
A hybrid organism has 2 different alleles for a trait because a hybrid is the result of the crossbreeding between two different parent organisms. Each parent contributes one allele for the trait, resulting in the hybrid organism having two different alleles. Alleles are different forms of a gene that determine the variations of a trait.