Nurs 212a- pHarm (pH) - Chapter 29: Introduction To The Autonomic Nervous System
Focus on Nursing Pharmacology Fourth Edition by Amy M. Karch, RN, MS.
Published by Lippincott Williams& Wilkins
ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-9047-5
ISBN-10: 0-7817-9047-6
- 1.
Which of the following is not one of the main nerve centers for the ANS?
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Cerebellum
- C.
Medulla
- D.
Spinal Cord
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. CerebellumExplanation
The ANS integrates parts of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system to automatically react to changes in the internal and external environment. The MAIN NERVE CENTERS for the ANS are located in the hypothalamus, the medulla, and the spinal cord. Nerve impulses that arise in the peripheral structures are carried to these centers by AFFERENT nerve fibers. These integrating centers in the CNS responds by sending out EFFERENT impulses along the autonomic nerve pathways.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The autonomic nervous system is immediately divided into the
- A.
Sensory system and Somatic system
- B.
Alpha receptors and Beta receptors
- C.
Muscarinic receptors and Nicotinic receptors
- D.
Parasympathetic system and Sympathetic system
- E.
Peripheral system and Somatic system
Correct Answer
D. Parasympathetic system and Sympathetic systemExplanation
Figure 29.1 (p. 464).Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the action of aldosterone release?
- A.
Stimulation of parasympathetic NS
- B.
Stimulates the "rest and digest"
- C.
Increases blood pressure
- D.
Decreases blood pressure
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Increases blood pressureExplanation
Aldosterone release to increase blood pressure (notes).Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is fully true of the autonomic nervous system?
- A.
Occurs without any conscious awareness of its activity
- B.
Is also known as the visceral or voluntary nervous systems
- C.
Integrates part of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environments
- D.
Regulates and integrates the body's external functions
- E.
All of the above are fully or partially false
Correct Answer
C. Integrates part of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environmentsExplanation
Generally occurs with LITTLE conscious awareness of its activity. Regulates and integrates the body's INTERNAL functions. Intergrates parts of the CNS and PNS to react to changes in the internal and external environment. Is also known as the INVOLUNTARY or VISCERAL nervous system (notes).Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system?
- A.
Releases epinephrine or norepinephrine from the preganglionic fiber to the ganglion
- B.
Utilizes acetylcholinersterase as the nerutransmitter terminator
- C.
Galgia location is within or near the effector organ
- D.
It has a short preganglionic axon
- E.
All of the above are true
Correct Answer
D. It has a short preganglionic axonExplanation
The SNS releases ACETYLCHOLINE from the preganglionic fiber to the ganglion. It utilizes MAO and COMT as the neurtransmitter terminators. GANGLIA are located NEXT TO SPINAL CORD. It has a SHORT preganglionic axon.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is false of the PNS?
- A.
It has a long preganglionic axon
- B.
Utilizes MAO and COMT as neurotransmitter terminators
- C.
Utilizes acetylcholine as its postganglionic neutrostransmitter
- D.
Ganglia location are within or near effector organs
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Utilizes MAO and COMT as neurotransmitter terminatorsExplanation
The PNS have LONG preganglionic fibers. It utilizes ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE as its neurotransmitter terminator. It utilizes acetylcholine as its postganglionic neutrostransmitter. Ganglia are located within or near effector organs (p. 466).Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is located in blood vessels and causes vasoconstriction?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both alpha receptors
- E.
Both beta receptors
Correct Answer
A. Alpha 1 receptorsExplanation
Alpha 1 receptors are found in the blood vessels, in the iris, and in the urinary bladder. In BLOOD VESSELS, they can cause VASOCONSTRICTION and increase peripheral resistance, thus raising blood pressure. In the IRIS, they cause pupil dilation. In the URINARY BLADDER, they cause the icnreased closure of the internal sphincter (p. 467).Rate this question:
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- 8.
Adrenergenic receptors respond to which neurotransmitter?
- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Acetylcholine
- D.
A and B
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. A and BExplanation
Adregnergenic sites have been classified as alpha-receptors and beta-receptors. It is thought that receptors may respond to different concentrations of norepinephrine or different ratios of norepinephine and epinephrine (p. 467).Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is located in the urinary bladder and causes the increased closure of the internal sphincter?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. Alpha 1 receptorsExplanation
Alpha 1 receptors are found in the blood vessels, in the iris, and in the urinary bladder. In BLOOD VESSELS, they can cause VASOCONSTRICTION and increase peripheral resistance, thus raising blood pressure. In the IRIS, they cause pupil dilation. In the URINARY BLADDER, they cause the icnreased closure of the internal sphincter (p. 467).Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is located in cardiac tissue anc casues increased heart rate?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
B. Beta 1 receptorsExplanation
Beta 1 receptors are found in CARDIAC TISSUE, where they can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increased heart rate. They are also responsible for increased LYPOLYSIS ore breakdown of fat for energy in peripheral tissues (p. 467).Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is responsible for increasig the breakdown of fat?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
B. Beta 1 receptorsExplanation
Beta 1 receptors are found in CARDIAC TISSUE, where they can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increased heart rate. They are also responsible for increased LYPOLYSIS ore breakdown of fat for energy in peripheral tissues (p. 467).Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following are found in blood vessels an causes a decrease in blood pressure?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorsExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following causes vasodilation when stimulated?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorsExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following causes increased respiratory efficiency?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorsExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is located in the bronchi and causes bronchi dilation?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorsExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following causes muscle and liver breakdown of glycogen?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptor
- B.
Beta 1 receptor
- C.
Beta 2 receptor
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which fo the following is located in the pancreas and causes an increased release from glucagon?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptor
- B.
Beta 1 receptor
- C.
Beta 2 receptor
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is located in the uterus and results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Beta 2 receptorsExplanation
Beta 2 recptors are found in the smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in the uterine muscle. In BLOOD VESSELS, beta 2 stimulation leads to VASODILATION. Beta 2 receptors also cause dilation in the bronchi. In the periphery, they can cause increased muscle and liver breakdown of GLYCOGEN and increased release of GLYCAGON from the alpha cells of the PANCREAS. Stimulation of beta 2 receptors in the UTERUS results in relaxed uterine smooth muscle (p. 467-468).Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is false of MAO?
- A.
Causes the reuptake of most of the free norepinephrine molecules
- B.
Relates to adrenergenic neurotransmitter termination
- C.
Is an idirect action
- D.
Avoids continuing stimulation of the synaptic cleft
- E.
Is the terminating mechanism of the parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
E. Is the terminating mechanism of the parasympathetic nervous systemExplanation
Norepinephrine (adrenergenic neurotransmitter) is part of the sympathetic nervous system. Monoamine-oxidase acts by causing the reuptake of most of the free norepinephrine molecules that have been left over in the synaptic cleft (p. 468). Is an indirefct action (notes).Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is false of COMT?
- A.
Is the terminating mechanism of the sympathetic nervous system
- B.
Is an enzyme
- C.
Metabolizes/biotransforms remaining norepinperhine into an inactive form
- D.
Is located in the area (synaptic cleft) and in the kidneys
- E.
Is a mechanisms of adrenergenic receptors
Correct Answer
D. Is located in the area (synaptic cleft) and in the kidneysExplanation
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is an enzyme that is in the area, as well as the LIVER, to metabolize or biotransform any remainging norepinphrine or any norepinpehrine that is absorbed into circulation and transforms it into an inactive form (p. 468).Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following causes bronchoconstriction?Choose the BEST answer
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
E. Parasympathetic nervous systemExplanation
The parasympathetic system stimulation results in the following actons: Increased motility and secretions in the GI tract to promote DIGESTION and absorption of nturients. DECREASED HEART RATE and contractility to conserve energy and provide rest for the heart. CONSTRICTION of the BRONCHI with increased secretions. RELAXATION of GI and urinary bladder SPHINCTERS, allowing evacauation of waste products. PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION, which decreases the light entering the eye and decreases stimulation of the retina (p. 470)Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of thye following would cause pupillary constriction?
- A.
Alpha 1 receptors
- B.
Beta 1 receptors
- C.
Beta 2 receptors
- D.
Both beta receptors
- E.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
E. Parasympathetic nervous systemExplanation
The parasympathetic system stimulation results in the following actons: Increased motility and secretions in the GI tract to promote DIGESTION and absorption of nturients. DECREASED HEART RATE and contractility to conserve energy and provide rest for the heart. CONSTRICTION of the BRONCHI with increased secretions. RELAXATION of GI and urinary bladder SPHINCTERS, allowing evacauation of waste products. PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION, which decreases the light entering the eye and decreases stimulation of the retina (p. 470)Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system utilizes muscarinic receptors?
- A.
Parasympathetic nervous system
- B.
Sympathetic nervous system
- C.
Both
Correct Answer
A. Parasympathetic nervous systemExplanation
Cholinergic receptors (part of the parasympathetic nervous system) of the effector cells are found on the organs and muscles. These receptors have been classified as muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors (p. 470).Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is false?
- A.
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme tha treacts with ACh to form an inactive compound.
- B.
If dopamine is given IV it increases norepineprhine in the synaptic cleft of the sympathetic nervous system receptors
- C.
Dopamine vasodilates in high doses and vasosconstricts in low doses
- D.
Dopamine's mechanisms is dose dependent
- E.
Acetylcholinsterase is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
C. Dopamine vasodilates in high doses and vasosconstricts in low dosesExplanation
Acetylcholinsterase is an enzyme that reacts with ACh to form an inactive compound in cholinergic receptors (parasympathetic nervous system) (p. 471). The major neurotransmistter of the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (adrenergic receptors). If DOPAMINE is given IV, it leads to increased norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft (of adrenergic/sympathetic receptors). If dopamine is given in HIGH DOSES, it acts as a VASOCONSTRICTOR. If given in LOW DOSES, dopamine acts as a VASODILATOR. Thus, dopamine is DOSE DEPENDENT in actions (p. 471, notes).Rate this question:
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