Autonomic Nervous System Trivia Quiz: How Much You Know?

The sympathetic nervous system is often considered the "fight or flight" system because it is responsible for preparing the body to respond to stressful or dangerous situations. When activated, it increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and releases stress hormones, all of which help the body to either fight off a threat or flee from it. This response is essential for survival and allows the body to quickly and efficiently respond to potential threats.

preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Preganglionic neurons that pass through chain ganglia without synapsing means that they do not form connections or synapses with other neurons in the ganglia. Instead, they continue their pathway through splanchnic nerves. This suggests that the statement is true, as it indicates that these neurons bypass the ganglia and proceed through the splanchnic nerves without interruption.

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis during resting conditions. This division promotes activities that conserve and restore energy, such as slowing down the heart rate, decreasing blood pressure, and increasing digestion. It is often referred to as the "rest and digest" system, as it counteracts the effects of the sympathetic division, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions. It is divided into two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and releasing stress hormones. The parasympathetic division, on the other hand, promotes relaxation and conserves energy, slowing down heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and enhancing digestion. These two divisions work in balance to maintain homeostasis in the body.

The given correct answer is "preganglionic neuron". In the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic neuron is the first neuron in a two-neuron chain. It originates in the central nervous system and synapses with the postganglionic neuron in an autonomic ganglion. The postganglionic neuron then extends to the target organ to transmit the signal. This two-neuron pathway allows for the coordination and control of autonomic functions in the body.

Parasympathetic stimulation causes dilation of blood vessels in the external genitals, leading to an erection. This is because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting relaxation and increasing blood flow to the genital area, which allows for the engorgement of blood vessels and the subsequent erection.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that binds to cholinergic receptors. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors: nicotinic (N) receptors and muscarinic (M) receptors. Acetylcholine binds to these receptors to transmit signals in the nervous system.

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons begin in the spinal cord. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. In the case of sympathetic preganglionic neurons, they originate in the spinal cord and then travel to the sympathetic ganglia, where they synapse with postganglionic neurons. From there, the postganglionic neurons extend to various target organs, such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels, to regulate sympathetic responses. Therefore, the correct answer is the spinal cord.

The more modern characterization of the sympathetic nervous system is as a quick response mobilizing system. This means that it is responsible for activating the body's fight-or-flight response in times of stress or danger. It quickly mobilizes the body's resources to prepare for action, increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and releasing stress hormones. This characterization highlights the system's role in rapidly responding to external stimuli and preparing the body for immediate action.

Sympathetic stimulation causes the contraction of the radial muscles in the iris, which leads to the dilation of the pupil. This is a well-known physiological response that occurs during fight-or-flight situations. The contraction of the radial muscles allows more light to enter the eye, enhancing visual acuity and preparing the body for potential danger.

The preganglionic neuron originates at the "outflow" and synapses at the postganglionic neuron's cell body. The postganglionic neuron then synapses at the target organ.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating various involuntary bodily functions. It controls the heartbeat, ensuring that it beats at an appropriate rate and rhythm. It also regulates smooth muscle contractions, which are important for processes such as digestion and breathing. Additionally, the autonomic nervous system controls glandular secretion, which involves the release of hormones and other substances by glands throughout the body.

The question is asking about the number of sacral ganglia. The sympathetic chain ganglia are located on each side of the vertebral column, but the sacral ganglia are not specified in the question. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the exact number of sacral ganglia. However, it is known that there are typically 4 or 5 sacral ganglia.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares to respond to a perceived threat or danger. One of the responses to an increased dissipation of heat generated by skeletal muscle activity is increased sweating. Sweating helps to cool down the body by evaporating sweat from the skin's surface, which helps to regulate body temperature. This response is part of the body's effort to maintain homeostasis and prevent overheating during periods of increased physical activity or stress.

In the parasympathetic system, ganglionic neurons use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to stimulate muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptor that is activated by acetylcholine. These receptors are located in various organs and tissues throughout the body and play a role in regulating various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretion, and heart rate. Activation of muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine leads to the parasympathetic response, which is responsible for rest and digest activities in the body.

The correct answer is 12 because there are usually 12 thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia on each side of the vertebral column.

Postganglionic axons of autonomic neurons are usually unmyelinated. This lack of myelination allows for slower conduction of nerve impulses, which is important in regulating involuntary bodily functions. Unmyelinated axons also have a higher density of ion channels, allowing for more efficient signal transmission. Additionally, the absence of myelin sheath allows for more branching and synapses, enabling widespread communication with target cells. Therefore, unmyelinated postganglionic axons are better suited for the diffuse and diverse functions of the autonomic nervous system.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for physical activity by redirecting blood flow to the muscles that need it the most. This is achieved by constricting the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles, which reduces blood flow to these areas. By doing so, more blood and oxygen can be delivered to the vital organs and tissues, such as the heart and brain, ensuring their optimal function during the stressful situation. This response helps to prioritize the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the muscles that are crucial for immediate physical action.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for physical exertion by increasing the availability of glucose to skeletal muscles. This is achieved through the increased conversion of glycogen into glucose. Glycogen is a stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles, and it is broken down into glucose to provide a readily available source of energy for the muscles. By increasing the conversion of glycogen into glucose, the body ensures that there is enough fuel for the skeletal muscles to carry out the required physical activity during the fight-or-flight response.

parasympathetic nervous system

The correct answer is "non-noradrenergic transmitters." The autonomic nervous system consists of sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) subsystems. However, in addition to these two subsystems, there is a third subsystem of neurons known as non-noradrenergic transmitters. These neurons release neurotransmitters other than noradrenaline, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, to transmit signals within the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response and the freeze-and-dissociate response. This division of the nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body. It controls processes such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing, and plays a crucial role in responding to stress and danger.

The question asks for the number of cervicals, which refers to the cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column. The correct answer is 3 because there are typically 7 cervical vertebrae in the human vertebral column.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares itself for action by increasing the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the skeletal muscles. One way it does this is by constricting blood vessels in non-essential areas and redirecting blood flow to the muscles. This includes the contraction of blood reservoirs, which are areas where blood is stored, and the spleen. By constricting these reservoirs, more blood is made available for circulation, allowing for increased delivery of oxygen and glucose to the muscles.

The question asks about the number of lumbar sympathetic chain ganglia, which are located on each side of the vertebral column. The correct answer is 2 or 3 because the lumbar region typically has two or three sympathetic chain ganglia.

The vagus nerve is a part of the autonomic nervous system and supplies the duodenum. It plays a crucial role in regulating the digestive system by controlling the movement and secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. The vagus nerve stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and increases blood flow to the digestive organs, including the duodenum. Therefore, it is responsible for the autonomic innervation of the duodenum.

The autonomic nervous system supplies the gallbladder and liver with nerve impulses to regulate their functions. The vagus nerve is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of these organs, promoting digestion and bile secretion. The celiac plexus, a network of nerves located in the abdomen, also plays a role in regulating the functions of the gallbladder and liver. The phrenic nerve, which originates in the neck and passes through the chest, provides sympathetic innervation to these organs, controlling their blood flow and metabolic activities.

Parasympathetic stimulation does not have an effect on skin blood vessels. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating rest and digest functions, such as digestion and slowing down the heart rate. It does not directly control the constriction or dilation of blood vessels in the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is "No Effect."

Parasympathetic stimulation does not have any effect on the cardiac muscle. This means that it does not cause any changes in the rate or strength of contraction, constriction, increased rate of contraction, or decreased peristalsis. The parasympathetic nervous system mainly controls rest and digestion, and its effects on the heart are minimal compared to the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer is "No Effect."

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares itself for physical activity and danger. One of the responses to this reaction is the shunting of blood to skeletal muscles to increase oxygen and glucose delivery. In order to redirect blood flow to the skeletal muscles, the blood vessels in the digestive and other organs constrict. This constriction reduces blood flow to these organs, allowing more blood to be directed to the skeletal muscles, which are needed for physical exertion during the fight-or-flight response.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for intense physical activity. One of the responses to this reaction is an increased rate of blood flow, which leads to increased delivery of glucose and oxygen to skeletal and heart muscles. The increased strength of cardiac muscle contraction helps to pump more blood and deliver the necessary nutrients and oxygen to the muscles efficiently. This response ensures that the heart can meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients during times of stress or physical exertion.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for physical exertion by increasing the heart rate and the strength of cardiac muscle contractions. To sustain this increased activity, the body also needs to provide an increased rate of oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscle. This is achieved through the dilation of coronary vessels of the heart, which allows for a greater flow of blood to the cardiac muscle, ensuring an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients.

Sympathetic stimulation typically leads to constriction of blood vessels. However, in the case of coronary blood vessels, sympathetic stimulation causes dilation instead of constriction. This dilation is specifically mediated by alpha receptors.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for physical activity by increasing the rate of blood flow. This is achieved through an increased heart rate, which allows for a greater volume of blood to be pumped to the muscles. This increased blood flow delivers more glucose and oxygen to the skeletal muscles, providing them with the necessary energy and nutrients to respond to the perceived threat or stressor.

Sympathetic stimulation activates alpha receptors in skin blood vessels, causing constriction. This response is part of the body's fight or flight response, where blood vessels constrict to redirect blood flow to vital organs and muscles. This helps to increase blood pressure and prepare the body for physical activity or stress.

During the sympathetic "fight-or-flight" reaction, the body prepares for physical activity and increased oxygen demand. Dilation of respiratory airways allows for better airflow, ensuring that more oxygen can enter the lungs. Increased depth and rate of breathing helps to increase the amount of oxygen taken in and delivered to the tissues. These responses are necessary to meet the increased oxygen requirements during times of stress or physical exertion.