Earth Science Unit 1 Exam Review

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  • 1/98 Questions

    What are cooler, darker spots on the sun's surface?

    • Corona
    • Sunspots
    • Photosphere
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Earth Science Unit 1 Exam Review - Quiz
About This Quiz

The 'Earth Science Unit 1 Exam Review' assesses fundamental concepts in Earth science, focusing on meteorology, climatology, and atmospheric phenomena. It evaluates understanding of weather patterns, climatic conditions, and energy sources, crucial for learners in Earth science.

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  • 2. 

    Venus has an atmosphere made up of 97% carbon dioxide. What type of temperatures would you expect to find in Venus?

    • Extremely Low temperatures.

    • Extremely High temperatures.

    • Average, livable temperatures.

    Correct Answer
    A. Extremely High temperatures.
    Explanation
    Venus has an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space, leading to a greenhouse effect. As a result, the temperatures on Venus are extremely high, reaching up to 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius), making it the hottest planet in our solar system.

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  • 3. 

    What happens when Carbon Dioxide dissolves in ocean water?

    • It becomes Carbonic Acid - Acidifying the ocean

    • It become pure Oxygen - Oxygenating the ocean

    • It neutralizes the acidity in the ocean

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. It becomes Carbonic Acid - Acidifying the ocean
    Explanation
    When carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water, it forms carbonic acid. This process is known as ocean acidification. Carbonic acid increases the acidity of the ocean, which has harmful effects on marine life and ecosystems. It can lead to the destruction of coral reefs, the disruption of the food chain, and the decrease in the ability of marine organisms to build shells and skeletons.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following is the correct layers of the atmosphere starting with the layer closest to the Earth?

    • Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere

    • Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

    • Exosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere

    • Mesosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Exosphere, Thermosphere

    Correct Answer
    A. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
  • 5. 

    Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect ?

    • The warming of the earth's surface and lower atmosphere occurs when carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and other greenhouse gases absorb and reradiate infrared radiation.

    • The warming of the earth's surface and lower atmosphere of Earth occur when oxygen and nitrogen absorb and reradiate reradiate infrared radiation.

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. The warming of the earth's surface and lower atmosphere occurs when carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and other greenhouse gases absorb and reradiate infrared radiation.
    Explanation
    The greenhouse effect refers to the process in which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap and absorb infrared radiation from the sun. This trapped radiation then warms the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere. This explanation accurately describes the greenhouse effect by highlighting the role of greenhouse gases in absorbing and reradiating infrared radiation, leading to the warming of the Earth.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following increases air's ability to hold water vapor?

    • Increase in wind speed

    • Decrease in temperature

    • Increase in temperature

    • Decrease in air pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase in temperature
    Explanation
    An increase in temperature increases the air's ability to hold water vapor because warm air has a higher capacity to hold moisture compared to cold air. As the temperature rises, the air molecules move faster and spread out, creating more space for water vapor molecules to occupy. This leads to an increase in the air's humidity and its ability to hold more water vapor.

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  • 7. 

    What tool measures air pressure?

    • Thermometer

    • Anemometer

    • Psychrometer

    • Barometer

    Correct Answer
    A. Barometer
    Explanation
    A barometer is the correct answer because it is a tool specifically designed to measure air pressure. It consists of a glass tube filled with mercury or a similar liquid, and the pressure of the air pushes the liquid up the tube. By measuring the height of the liquid, the air pressure can be determined. Thermometers measure temperature, anemometers measure wind speed, and psychrometers measure humidity, but none of these tools are designed to measure air pressure.

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  • 8. 

    Wind occurs because air tends to move from regions of higher to lower

    • Latitude

    • Nitrogen levels

    • Pressure

    • Humidity

    Correct Answer
    A. Pressure
    Explanation
    Wind occurs because of pressure differences. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. This movement is caused by variations in temperature and atmospheric conditions. When air pressure is higher in one area than another, it creates a pressure gradient, and air flows from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area, resulting in wind.

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  • 9. 

    If your water source (lake reservoir) has a pH of 4 what could it indicate?

    • The lake is basic and no fish can survive

    • The lake is acidic and some fish cannot survive

    • Eutrophication has happened

    • The lake is polluted with sewage

    Correct Answer
    A. The lake is acidic and some fish cannot survive
    Explanation
    A pH of 4 indicates that the lake is acidic. This level of acidity can be harmful to some fish species, as they require a more neutral pH level to survive. However, it does not necessarily mean that no fish can survive in the lake. Other factors such as the tolerance of the fish species to acidity and the overall health of the ecosystem also play a role in determining the fish population.

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  • 10. 

    Burning fossil fuels releases harmful gases that will cause acid rain.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Burning of fossil fuels releases sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. When sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain water, they form acids, which then fall as acid rain.

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  • 11. 

     How does radiation travel through space?

    • Energy travels in a straight line.

    • Energy travels in a zig zag line.

    • Energy travels as waves.

    Correct Answer
    A. Energy travels as waves.
    Explanation
    Radiation, such as light or electromagnetic waves, travels through space as waves. Waves are a form of energy that can propagate through a medium or even in a vacuum. This is supported by the fact that light from distant stars and galaxies reaches us, indicating that it has traveled through the vast expanse of space as waves. The wave nature of radiation allows it to propagate in a straight line until it interacts with an object or is absorbed by a medium.

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  • 12. 

    Air masses that form over land are called?

    • Tropical

    • Continental

    • Polar

    Correct Answer
    A. Continental
    Explanation
    Air masses that form over land are called continental because they originate from large land masses and are characterized by dry and stable conditions. These air masses do not have much contact with moisture sources like oceans, resulting in lower humidity levels. Continental air masses tend to have higher temperatures during the summer and lower temperatures during the winter compared to air masses that form over water.

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  • 13. 

    Air masses that form in the ____ are called _____.

    • Land, ocean

    • Maritime, ocean

    • Ocean, maritime

    Correct Answer
    A. Ocean, maritime
    Explanation
    Air masses that form over the ocean are called maritime air masses. Maritime air masses are characterized by high humidity and relatively mild temperatures due to the moisture and warmth they acquire from the ocean's surface. These air masses often bring moist and mild weather conditions when they move over land. Therefore, the answer "ocean, maritime" is correct as it accurately describes the formation and characteristics of maritime air masses.

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  • 14. 

    How is solar energy essential to plants?

    • The ultraviolet radiation of the sun generates ozone for plants to support all life.

    • The wavelengths of visible light stimulate plant cells to produce energy compounds by photosynthesis.

    • The microwaves emitted by the sun stimulate animal reproduction in the rainforest.

    • The infrared radiation reflected from the Earth’s surface drives the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles.

    Correct Answer
    A. The wavelengths of visible light stimulate plant cells to produce energy compounds by photosynthesis.
    Explanation
    Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth.  It provides oxygen and food for living things and it takes in carbon dioxide.  The Sun provides the necessary energy for photosynthesis to happen.   See diagram below:

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  • 15. 

    On an August afternoon in North Carolina, the barometric pressure is 29.92 inches and falling. What weather condition is likely to happen?

    • Clearing skies and cooler temperatures

    • Continued fair weather

    • An imminent storm

    • Conditions will slowly improve

    Correct Answer
    A. An imminent storm
    Explanation
    If the air pressure is falling that means it will be less dense and start to rise. When air rises clouds form and precipitation can happen.

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  • 16. 

    Which of these is not a weather instrument?

    • Barometer

    • Geiger counter

    • Hygrometer

    • Anemometer

    Correct Answer
    A. Geiger counter
    Explanation
    A geiger counter is not a weather instrument. It is actually a device used to detect and measure ionizing radiation. Weather instruments such as a barometer, hygrometer, and anemometer are used to measure atmospheric pressure, humidity, and wind speed respectively.

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  • 17. 
    What causes the auroras or Northern and Southern lights? - ProProfs

    What causes the auroras or Northern and Southern lights?

    • The planets line up for the light show.

    • Charged particles from the sun begin to glow as they enter the earth's atmosphere

    • No one really knows

    Correct Answer
    A. Charged particles from the sun begin to glow as they enter the earth's atmosphere
    Explanation
    Charged particles from the sun, such as electrons and protons, are responsible for causing the auroras or Northern and Southern lights. These particles are emitted by the sun during solar flares and travel towards the Earth. As they enter the Earth's atmosphere, they collide with atoms and molecules, causing them to become excited. When these excited particles return to their normal state, they release energy in the form of light, creating the beautiful auroras in the polar regions.

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  • 18. 

    The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place is known as _____________________.

    • Weather

    • Atmosphere

    • Water vapor

    Correct Answer
    A. Weather
    Explanation
    The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place is known as weather. This includes factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The term "weather" refers to the day-to-day changes in these atmospheric conditions, as opposed to the long-term average known as climate. It is important to study and understand weather patterns in order to make accurate forecasts and predictions, and to plan and prepare for various weather events.

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  • 19. 

    What causes wind?

    • Differences in air pressure

    • Differences in oxygen

    • Differences in gravity

    • Differences in atmosphere

    Correct Answer
    A. Differences in air pressure
    Explanation
    Wind is caused by differences in air pressure. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. When there is a difference in air pressure between two locations, air molecules move from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area, resulting in the movement of air and the formation of wind.

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  • 20. 

    When water droplets in a cloud combine, become too heavy, and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet or hail, we are expecting _________________.

    • Evaporation

    • Condensation

    • Precipitation

    • Transpiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Precipitation
    Explanation
    When water droplets in a cloud combine, become too heavy, and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet or hail, we are expecting precipitation. Precipitation refers to the process of water vapor in the atmosphere condensing into liquid or solid form and falling to the Earth's surface. This can occur through various forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

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  • 21. 
    What is the wind direction in the station model above? - ProProfs

    What is the wind direction in the station model above?

    • South Easterly

    • South

    • North Easterly

    • North Westerly

    Correct Answer
    A. North Easterly
    Explanation
    The wind direction in the station model above is North Easterly. This can be determined by looking at the wind barbs on the station model. The wind barbs are pointing towards the northeast direction, indicating that the wind is coming from the north and blowing towards the east. Therefore, the correct answer is North Easterly.

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  • 22. 

    A description of the pattern of weather over many years in a region is ...

    • Weather forecast

    • Air mass

    • Climate

    • Weather system

    Correct Answer
    A. Climate
    Explanation
    Climate refers to the long-term pattern of weather conditions in a specific region. It encompasses the average temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and other atmospheric conditions over many years. Unlike weather, which refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere, climate provides a broader understanding of the overall weather patterns and trends in a particular area. Therefore, climate is the correct answer as it accurately describes the long-term weather patterns in a region.

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  • 23. 

    What causes the seasons?

    • The elliptical movement of the earth around the sun

    • The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun

    • The solar wind moves the earth at different angles

    Correct Answer
    A. The tilt of the earth at various stages of the earth's revolution around the sun
    Explanation
    The seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth at various stages of its revolution around the sun. This tilt causes different parts of the earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, leading to the changes in weather and temperature that we experience as seasons.

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  • 24. 

    Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves is called

    • Conduction

    • Convection

    • Radiation

    • Retaliation

    Correct Answer
    A. Radiation
    Explanation
    Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves is called radiation. Radiation is the process by which energy is emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as light, heat, or radio waves. This transfer of energy occurs without the need for a medium, unlike conduction or convection which require a material medium. Radiation is commonly observed in various natural phenomena, such as the sun's rays, thermal radiation from a fire, or even the emission of radio waves from a broadcasting station.

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  • 25. 

    When one air mass meets a different air mass,this meetjng place between air masses is called a ______________.

    • Cloud

    • Storm

    • Front

    Correct Answer
    A. Front
    Explanation
    When one air mass meets a different air mass, the meeting place between them is called a front. A front is a boundary or transition zone where two air masses with different characteristics, such as temperature, humidity, and density, collide. This collision can lead to the formation of various weather phenomena, including clouds and storms.

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  • 26. 

    The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (made up of the world's top scientists and climatologists) met for the first time in 1988 to discuss the threat of climate change and find the cause. In 2001 they came to a conclusion, what did they decide? 

    • Climate change is not a concern

    • Climate change is a natural process over which we have no control

    • Human activity is the primary cause for climate change

    • Consuming fossil fuels will make climate change go away

    Correct Answer
    A. Human activity is the primary cause for climate change
    Explanation
    The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that human activity is the primary cause for climate change. This means that actions such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes contribute significantly to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, leading to global warming and other climate-related issues. The IPCC's conclusion is based on extensive research and scientific evidence provided by the world's top scientists and climatologists who have been studying climate change for decades.

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  • 27. 

    The process of converting a liquid to a gas is known as _________.

    • Evaporation

    • Sublimation

    • Condensation

    • Deposition

    Correct Answer
    A. Evaporation
    Explanation
    Evaporation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of converting a liquid to a gas. During evaporation, the liquid molecules gain enough energy to escape from the surface and become a gas. This process occurs at temperatures below the boiling point of the liquid and does not require the entire liquid to reach its boiling point.

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  • 28. 

    Venus has an atmosphere made up of 97% carbon dioxide. What type of temperatures would you expect to find in Venus?

    • Extremely Low temperatures.

    • Extremely High temperatures.

    • Average, livable temperatures.

    Correct Answer
    A. Extremely High temperatures.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is extremely high temperatures because Venus has a thick atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect. This effect traps heat from the sun, causing the temperatures on Venus to reach extreme levels, making it the hottest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of about 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius).

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  • 29. 

    What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?

    • Mesosphere

    • Troposphere

    • Thermosphere

    • Stratosphere

    Correct Answer
    A. Troposphere
    Explanation
    The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground. It is where weather occurs and where we live and breathe. This layer extends from the Earth's surface up to about 10-15 kilometers in altitude. The other options, mesosphere, thermosphere, and stratosphere, are all located above the troposphere at higher altitudes.

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  • 30. 

    Condensation is when water changes from

    • A gas to a liquid

    • A liquid to a gas

    • A liquid to a solid

    • A solid to a gas

    Correct Answer
    A. A gas to a liquid
    Explanation
    Condensation is the process by which water vapor, which is in its gaseous state, cools down and transforms into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the water vapor decreases, causing the water molecules to slow down and come together, forming liquid droplets. This is commonly observed when warm air containing water vapor comes into contact with a cooler surface, such as a cold glass, resulting in the formation of water droplets on the surface. Therefore, condensation involves the change of water from a gas to a liquid state.

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  • 31. 

    The atmosphere

    • Is only the air we breathe

    • Is a mixture of gases that surround a planet or moon

    • Only extends as far as planes fly

    • The weather of a given place

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a mixture of gases that surround a planet or moon
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is a mixture of gases that surround a planet or moon." This explanation accurately describes the atmosphere as a combination of gases that envelop a celestial body. It implies that the atmosphere is not limited to just the air we breathe or the weather of a specific location, but rather encompasses the entire gaseous layer surrounding a planet or moon.

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  • 32. 

    The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation forms is the ________________.

    • Dew point

    • Rain point

    • Wind point

    • Relative humidity

    Correct Answer
    A. Dew point
    Explanation
    The dew point is the temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation forms. When the air reaches its dew point, the water vapor in the air begins to condense into liquid water, forming dew. This occurs when the air is cooled to the point where it can no longer hold all of the moisture it contains. Therefore, the correct answer is dew point.

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  • 33. 

    What would be the result of deforestation?

    • An increase in carbon dioxide.

    • A decrease in carbon dioxide.

    • No effect

    Correct Answer
    A. An increase in carbon dioxide.
    Explanation
    Deforestation refers to the removal or destruction of forests, which leads to a decrease in the number of trees. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, when deforestation occurs, there is a reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide being absorbed, resulting in an increase in its concentration in the atmosphere. This can contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change, leading to various negative environmental impacts.

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  • 34. 

    During this period , the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be higher than normal by 3–5 °C.

    • La Nina

    • El Nino

    • Global Warming

    • Hurricane

    Correct Answer
    A. El Nino
    Explanation
    El Nino is the correct answer because it is a climate pattern that occurs when the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean is higher than normal by 3-5 °C. This warming of the ocean leads to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, affecting weather patterns around the world. El Nino events are known to cause droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events in various regions.

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  • 35. 

    What is the most common gas in the atmosphere?

    • Nitrogen

    • Helium

    • Hydrogen

    • Oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen
    Explanation
    Nitrogen is the most common gas in the atmosphere, making up about 78% of the air we breathe. It is found in abundance and is essential for various biological processes. Nitrogen is relatively inert and does not react easily with other elements, making it a stable component of the atmosphere. This makes it an important gas for supporting life on Earth.

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  • 36. 

    What causes Earth's climate to change over time?

    • Changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun

    • Changes in the strength of the Sun

    • Changes in plate tectonics (geography of land and sea)

    • Human activities

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The Earth's climate changes over time due to a combination of factors. Changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun, known as Milankovitch cycles, can alter the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Variations in the strength of the Sun, such as changes in solar activity and radiation, can also impact the climate. Additionally, changes in plate tectonics, which affect the distribution of land and sea, can influence climate patterns. Finally, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the Earth's changing climate.

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  • 37. 

    Why is the ozone layer beneficial to humans?

    • It gets rid of harmful gases like carbon dioxide.

    • It provides a form of oxygen with three atoms that helps us breathe better.

    • It increases the greenhouse effect so we can grow plants.

    • It filters out incoming ultraviolet radiation.

    Correct Answer
    A. It filters out incoming ultraviolet radiation.
    Explanation
    The ozone layer is beneficial to humans because it filters out incoming ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun can be harmful to humans as it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune system. The ozone layer acts as a protective shield, absorbing and blocking a significant amount of these harmful UV rays from reaching the Earth's surface. This helps to reduce the risk of these health issues and allows humans to safely enjoy outdoor activities without excessive exposure to UV radiation.

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  • 38. 

    Lightning is an electric discharge between a positively charged area and

    • A rising air mass

    • Another positively charged area

    • A source of rain

    • A negatively charged area

    Correct Answer
    A. A negatively charged area
    Explanation
    Lightning is an electric discharge that occurs between a positively charged area and a negatively charged area. When there is a build-up of positive charge in one area and negative charge in another area, the electrical imbalance is resolved by a rapid flow of electrons from the negatively charged area to the positively charged area. This flow of electrons creates the visible flash of light and the accompanying thunder. Therefore, the correct answer is a negatively charged area.

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  • 39. 

    The area around the equator where there is little or no wind is called

    • Westerlies

    • Trade winds

    • The doldrums

    • Polar easterlies

    Correct Answer
    A. The doldrums
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the doldrums. The doldrums refer to a region near the equator where the wind is calm or very weak. This area is characterized by low pressure and is known for its lack of consistent winds. Sailors often encounter difficulties in this region due to the lack of wind, making it challenging to navigate.

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  • 40. 

    The spinning of Earth on its axis.

    • Rotation

    • Revolution

    • Month

    • Year

    Correct Answer
    A. Rotation
    Explanation
    Rotation refers to the spinning of Earth on its axis. The Earth rotates once every 24 hours, causing day and night. This motion is responsible for the apparent movement of the Sun, Moon, and stars across the sky. Rotation is different from revolution, which refers to the Earth's movement around the Sun.

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  • 41. 

    What happens to temperature as you go higher in the troposphere?

    • It gets hotter

    • It gets colder

    • It stays the same

    • It is always changing

    Correct Answer
    A. It gets colder
    Explanation
    As you go higher in the troposphere, the temperature decreases. This is due to the fact that the troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, and it is closest to the surface. The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude because the air becomes less dense and there is less heat transfer from the surface. This results in a colder temperature as you move higher up in the troposphere.

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  • 42. 

    The process by which the atmosphere traps heat is called what?

    • The greenhouse effect

    • Conduction

    • The Coriolis Effect

    • Convection

    Correct Answer
    A. The greenhouse effect
    Explanation
    The greenhouse effect refers to the process in which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun, causing the Earth's temperature to rise. These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to enter but preventing the heat from escaping back into space. This phenomenon is essential for maintaining Earth's temperature within a habitable range, but human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, have intensified the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.

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  • 43. 

    What are parts of the hydrosphere?

    • Oceans, clouds, groundwater

    • Mountains, rivers, clouds

    • Clouds, rivers, forests

    • Land, clouds, oceans

    Correct Answer
    A. Oceans, clouds, groundwater
    Explanation
    The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water vapor in the atmosphere. Therefore, the correct answer is oceans, clouds, and groundwater, as they are all part of the hydrosphere.

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  • 44. 

    In the Northern Hemisphere, winds traveling north appear to curve to the east because of the

    • Trade winds.

    • Coriolis effect.

    • Convection currents.

    • Polar easterlies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Coriolis effect.
    Explanation
    In the Northern Hemisphere, winds traveling north appear to curve to the east because of the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth and it deflects moving objects, such as wind, to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. As the winds move north, they are deflected to the right, resulting in a curving motion to the east. This phenomenon is responsible for the formation of global wind patterns and the circulation of air in the atmosphere.

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  • 45. 

    Energy transferred by circulation of a liquid or gas is called

    • Conduction

    • Convection

    • Radiation

    • Retaliation

    Correct Answer
    A. Convection
    Explanation
    Convection is the correct answer because it refers to the transfer of energy through the movement of a liquid or gas. This transfer occurs when the heated particles in the fluid become less dense and rise, while the cooler particles sink, creating a continuous circulation and transferring energy in the process. Conduction, on the other hand, involves the transfer of energy through direct contact between objects, while radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. Retaliation is not a term related to energy transfer and is incorrect in this context.

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  • 46. 

    An ________________ is a large region of air that has a similar temperature and humidity.

    • Front

    • Air mass

    • Wind

    Correct Answer
    A. Air mass
    Explanation
    An air mass is a large region of air that has a similar temperature and humidity. It is characterized by its stability and uniformity of properties, such as temperature and moisture content, which are acquired from the region where the air mass originates. Air masses can cover large areas and can have a significant impact on weather patterns and atmospheric conditions when they move into a new region.

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  • 47. 

    What is the rotation period of the earth?

    • 365 days

    • 24 hours

    • 1 year

    Correct Answer
    A. 24 hours
    Explanation
    The rotation period of the Earth refers to the time it takes for the Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis. This rotation period is approximately 24 hours, which is equivalent to one day. This means that the Earth completes a full rotation every 24 hours, resulting in the cycle of day and night that we experience.

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  • 48. 

    The yearly orbit of Earth around the Sun is called its__________.

    • Rotation

    • Ellipse

    • Tilt

    • Revolution

    Correct Answer
    A. Revolution
    Explanation
    The term "revolution" refers to the yearly orbit of Earth around the Sun. This is the correct answer because it accurately describes the movement of Earth in a circular path around the Sun, completing one revolution in approximately 365.25 days. The other options, such as "rotation" which refers to the spinning of Earth on its axis, "ellipse" which describes the shape of Earth's orbit, and "tilt" which refers to Earth's axial tilt, are not specifically related to the yearly orbit around the Sun.

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  • 49. 

    What gas makes up around 21% of our atmosphere?

    • Methane

    • Oxygen

    • Nitrogen

    • Carbon dioxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygen
    Explanation
    Oxygen makes up around 21% of our atmosphere. It is essential for the survival of most living organisms, as it is used in the process of respiration. Oxygen is produced by plants through photosynthesis and is also released by certain bacteria and algae. It plays a crucial role in the Earth's atmosphere by supporting combustion and maintaining the ozone layer.

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