1.
Includes all life
Correct Answer
B. BiospHere
Explanation
The biosphere refers to the zone of the Earth where all living organisms exist. It encompasses all forms of life, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as their interactions with each other and their environment. The biosphere is not limited to a specific region or habitat but includes various ecosystems on land, in water, and even in the air. It is a dynamic and interconnected system that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of life on Earth.
2.
Drawn in a north-south direction
Correct Answer
B. Longitude
Explanation
Longitude is the correct answer because it refers to the measurement of distance east or west of the prime meridian, which runs in a north-south direction. Latitude, on the other hand, measures distance north or south of the equator. Lithosphere refers to the rigid outer layer of the Earth, while legend is a key or explanatory list in a map or chart.
3.
Drawn in a east-west
Correct Answer
A. Latitude
Explanation
Latitude is the correct answer because the question mentions "east-west" and latitude is the measurement that runs east-west around the Earth. Longitude, on the other hand, runs north-south. The other options, such as lithosphere and legend, are not related to the direction mentioned in the question.
4.
Weather conditions over a period of time
Correct Answer
C. Climate
Explanation
The term "climate" refers to the long-term patterns of weather conditions in a particular region. It encompasses factors such as temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and humidity. Unlike weather, which refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, climate describes the average conditions over a period of time, usually spanning decades. Climate is influenced by various factors, including the doldrums (a region near the equator with calm winds), hurricanes (which can significantly impact weather patterns), and the orographic effect (the influence of mountains on local weather conditions). Therefore, the concept of climate encompasses the effects of these factors on weather conditions over time.
5.
All of the following are forms of condensation EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Sleet
Explanation
Sleet is not a form of condensation. It is a type of precipitation that occurs when raindrops freeze into ice pellets before reaching the ground. Clouds, fog, and dew, on the other hand, are all forms of condensation. Clouds are formed when warm air rises and cools, causing water vapor to condense into visible water droplets. Fog is a cloud that forms near the ground, and dew is formed when moisture in the air condenses onto surfaces like grass or car windows.
6.
The drier leeward side of a mountain
Correct Answer
D. Rain shadow
Explanation
A rain shadow is the phenomenon where a mountain range blocks the passage of moisture-laden air, causing the air to rise and cool on the windward side, leading to precipitation. As the air moves over the mountain and descends on the leeward side, it warms and becomes drier, resulting in a rain shadow. This area experiences less rainfall and can be arid or desert-like. Therefore, the correct answer is rain shadow.
7.
All of the following are causes of currents EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
B. Temperature
Explanation
Currents in the ocean are primarily caused by the wind, the Earth's rotation, and differences in water density. Temperature, on the other hand, affects the density of water, which can indirectly influence the formation of currents. Therefore, temperature can be considered a cause of currents, making it the incorrect answer in this case.
8.
All of the following are classified as precipitation EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Tornadoes
Explanation
Tornadoes are not classified as precipitation because they are not formed by condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. Tornadoes are violent rotating columns of air that are formed from severe thunderstorms, and they are characterized by strong winds and a funnel-shaped cloud. Precipitation, on the other hand, refers to any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, such as rain, sleet, or snow.
9.
World's flattest and smoothest region
Correct Answer
C. Abyssal Plains
Explanation
Abyssal plains are the correct answer because they are the flattest and smoothest regions on Earth. These plains are found in the deep ocean basins and are characterized by extremely low slopes and gentle undulations. They are formed by the deposition of fine-grained sediments over millions of years, creating a flat and featureless landscape. The absence of tectonic activity and the slow accumulation of sediment contribute to their smoothness.
10.
Liquid rock within the Earth
Correct Answer
A. Magma
Explanation
Magma refers to the liquid rock found within the Earth. It is a molten mixture of minerals and gases that is located beneath the Earth's surface. Magma is responsible for volcanic activity and is often expelled during volcanic eruptions. It is formed through the melting of rocks due to high temperatures and pressure within the Earth's mantle. Magma can solidify and form igneous rocks when it cools and hardens.
11.
Formed by bacteria, insects, & worms breaking down plant and animal material
Correct Answer
C. Humus
Explanation
Humus is the correct answer because it is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal material by bacteria, insects, and worms. This process breaks down the organic matter and creates a dark, nutrient-rich material that enriches the soil. Humus plays a vital role in soil fertility and helps to retain moisture, improve soil structure, and support plant growth.
12.
Movement of water through the hydrosphere
Correct Answer
C. Hydrological cycle
Explanation
The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, rises into the atmosphere, condenses into clouds, and falls back to the Earth as precipitation. This water then flows into streams, rivers, and eventually returns to the oceans, completing the cycle. The hydrological cycle is essential for maintaining the Earth's water balance and is crucial for the existence of life on our planet.
13.
Rocks breaking and decaying over time
Correct Answer
D. Weathering
Explanation
Weathering refers to the process by which rocks break down and decay over time due to various environmental factors such as temperature changes, wind, water, and chemical reactions. This process can cause physical disintegration or chemical decomposition of rocks, leading to their gradual breakdown into smaller particles or sediments. Therefore, weathering is the most appropriate explanation for the given scenario of rocks breaking and decaying over time.
14.
Downward movement of humus and minerals through the soil
Correct Answer
B. Leaching
Explanation
Leaching refers to the process of downward movement of humus and minerals through the soil. It occurs when water percolates through the soil, carrying dissolved substances with it. This process is important for soil fertility as it helps to distribute nutrients throughout the soil profile, making them available for plant uptake. Leaching can also contribute to the removal of excess salts from the soil, preventing soil salinization. Therefore, leaching is the correct answer in this context.
15.
Destruction of the forests
Correct Answer
B. Deforestation
Explanation
Deforestation refers to the process of clearing or removing forests or trees from a particular area. It involves the permanent destruction or loss of forests, often due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, or urbanization. This process has negative impacts on the environment, including the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and contribution to climate change. Therefore, deforestation is the correct answer as it accurately describes the destruction of forests.
16.
Forms when a river meets an inlet or small arm of the sea
Correct Answer
A. Estuary
Explanation
An estuary is formed when a river meets an inlet or small arm of the sea. This is a location where freshwater from the river mixes with saltwater from the sea, creating a unique and dynamic ecosystem. Estuaries are characterized by their brackish water, which is a mixture of freshwater and saltwater. They are often home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, as well as serving as important breeding and feeding grounds for many marine organisms. Estuaries also play a crucial role in filtering pollutants and sediment from the river before it reaches the open ocean.
17.
Created by a combination of chemicals and water vapor
Correct Answer
A. Acid Rain
Explanation
Acid rain is created by a combination of chemicals and water vapor. When pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the atmosphere through human activities like burning fossil fuels, they react with water vapor to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. These acids then fall back to the earth's surface as acid rain, which can have harmful effects on the environment, including damaging plants, aquatic life, and infrastructure.
18.
All of the following are fossils EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
D. Uranium
Explanation
Uranium is not considered a fossil because it is not derived from once-living organisms. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants and animals. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum, on the other hand, are all formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have undergone various processes of decomposition and transformation over millions of years. Uranium, however, is a naturally occurring radioactive element found in the Earth's crust and is not associated with organic matter.
19.
Elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side
Correct Answer
D. Plateau
Explanation
A plateau is a raised flatland that is characterized by its steep sides, which rise abruptly above the surrounding land. Unlike a mesa, which is also a raised flatland, a plateau is not necessarily isolated and can extend over a larger area. Plateaus are often formed through geological processes such as uplift or erosion, and they can be found in various regions around the world.
20.
Average number of people living in an area
Correct Answer
A. Population density
Explanation
Population density refers to the average number of people living in a given area. It is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its land area. This measure helps to understand the concentration of people in a specific region and provides insights into the level of overcrowding or spaciousness in that area. Therefore, population density is the most appropriate term among the given options to describe the average number of people living in an area.
21.
Joe Fro Doe left the country. He is called a/an ___________
Correct Answer
B. Emigrant
Explanation
Joe Fro Doe left the country. He is called an emigrant because an emigrant is someone who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another country. In this case, Joe Fro Doe left his country, implying that he permanently moved to another country, making him an emigrant.
22.
Hurricane Ike caused people to leave the Houston area. Ike is called a ______
Correct Answer
B. Push Factor
Explanation
Hurricane Ike, being a destructive natural disaster, forced people to leave the Houston area. This implies that the hurricane acted as a "push factor" that compelled individuals to evacuate and move away from the affected region. Push factors are circumstances or events that drive people away from a particular location. In this case, the destructive impact of Hurricane Ike created unfavorable conditions, prompting people to relocate to safer areas.
23.
The Batman Lego video game is a new idea and the IPhone is new technology. These are called _____________
Correct Answer
C. Innovations
Explanation
The correct answer is "Innovations" because both the Batman Lego video game and the iPhone are examples of new ideas and technologies that have been introduced to the market. They represent innovative concepts and products that have brought something new and different to the world.
24.
Minnie Lou Travelocity moved into Eldorado, Tx from the Netherlands. She is a/an ________
Correct Answer
C. Immigrant
Explanation
Minnie Lou Travelocity moved from the Netherlands to Eldorado, Tx, which indicates that she relocated to a new country. Therefore, she is considered an immigrant, as an immigrant is someone who moves permanently to a different country.
25.
The countries in central Africa share culture traits such as religion. This is called a/an _________
Correct Answer
B. Culture region
Explanation
The correct answer is "Culture region." A culture region refers to an area where people share similar cultural traits, including religion, language, customs, and traditions. In central Africa, countries have similar religious practices, indicating a shared cultural identity. Therefore, the term "culture region" accurately describes this phenomenon.
26.
A religious journey to Mecca made by Muslims at least once in their lifetime
Correct Answer
B. Hajj
Explanation
Hajj refers to the religious journey to Mecca that Muslims are required to undertake at least once in their lifetime. It is a significant pilgrimage that holds great importance in Islam. The word "Hajj" specifically represents this religious journey, while the other options, such as Hegira, Trip of a lifetime, and Vacation, do not accurately capture the religious and spiritual nature of the pilgrimage.
27.
The Menonite women in Seminole, Tx have began discarding their traditional dress of long, black skirts and scarves for a more American dress of jeans this is called _____
Correct Answer
A. Acculturation
Explanation
Acculturation refers to the process of adopting the cultural traits or customs of another group, typically the dominant one. In this case, the Menonite women in Seminole, TX are discarding their traditional dress of long, black skirts and scarves for a more American dress of jeans. This signifies a shift in their cultural practices and the adoption of a different style of clothing, which aligns with the concept of acculturation.
28.
The Islamic people follow a strict action of praying 4 times per day and at noon on Fridays. This is called a/an ______
Correct Answer
D. Fundamentalism
Explanation
The correct answer is Fundamentalism. Fundamentalism refers to a strict adherence to the foundational principles and beliefs of a religion. In this case, the Islamic people follow a strict practice of praying four times a day, as well as an additional prayer at noon on Fridays. This strict adherence to religious practices and rituals aligns with the concept of fundamentalism.
29.
The 700 islands that make up the Bahamas are located in _____
Correct Answer
B. Greater Antilles
Explanation
The correct answer is Greater Antilles. The Bahamas, consisting of 700 islands, are located in the Greater Antilles. The Greater Antilles is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea, which includes larger islands such as Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. The Bahamas are part of this island chain, making Greater Antilles the correct answer.
30.
Contains the countries of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica & Panama
Correct Answer
A. Central America
Explanation
The correct answer is Central America because it includes all the countries mentioned in the question: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Central America is a region located between North America and South America, and it is known for its tropical climate, diverse wildlife, and rich cultural heritage.
31.
One of the commonwealths of the United States
Correct Answer
C. Panama
Explanation
Panama is the correct answer because it is one of the commonwealths of the United States. While Belize, Iceland, and Timbuktu are not commonwealths of the United States, Panama has a unique relationship with the United States. It is a sovereign nation but has a long history of close ties with the United States, including the Panama Canal which was built and previously operated by the United States. Therefore, Panama fits the description of being one of the commonwealths of the United States.
32.
This type of agriculture relies on selling goods for profit
Correct Answer
C. Market oriented agriculture
Explanation
Market oriented agriculture refers to a type of agriculture where the main focus is on producing goods for sale in the market to generate profit. In this system, farmers grow crops or raise livestock with the intention of selling them to consumers or other businesses. The goal is to maximize production and efficiency in order to meet market demands and earn income. Unlike subsistence farming, where the primary aim is to produce enough food for the farmer's own consumption, market oriented agriculture involves commercial production and a reliance on the market economy.
33.
In the 1980s television show M*A*S*H, Radar O'Reilly referred to a group of patients as Local Indigenous Personel (LIPs). Indigenous means ______
Correct Answer
C. Native
Explanation
The term "indigenous" refers to people or things that are native to a particular region or country. In the context of the question, Radar O'Reilly is referring to a group of patients who are from the local area, indicating that they are native to that region.
34.
The most industrialized region of the Caribbean
Correct Answer
D. Trinidad and Tobago
Explanation
Trinidad and Tobago boasts the most dynamic manufacturing sector in the Caribbean, accounting for 19% of its GDP. This is largely attributed to its thriving petrochemical industry and the presence of a successful free-trade zone.
35.
Walter Christaller developed this theory that stated cities taking different roles would be mapped in a hexagon
Correct Answer
C. Central PlaceTheory
Explanation
Walter Christaller developed the Central Place Theory, which suggests that cities of different sizes and functions are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. According to this theory, larger central cities provide higher-order goods and services, while smaller surrounding cities provide lower-order goods and services. This hexagonal arrangement allows for an efficient distribution of resources and minimizes competition between cities.
36.
The most widely practiced form of agriculture practiced worldwide
Correct Answer
D. Subsistence agriculture
Explanation
Subsistence agriculture refers to a type of farming in which farmers primarily grow crops and raise livestock to meet the needs of their own families or local communities. This form of agriculture is widely practiced worldwide as it ensures food security and self-sufficiency for small-scale farmers. Unlike market-oriented agriculture, which focuses on producing goods for sale in the market, subsistence agriculture prioritizes meeting immediate consumption needs. It often involves traditional farming methods and limited use of modern technology. Subsistence agriculture is commonly practiced in rural areas of developing countries where access to resources and markets may be limited.
37.
Large buildings away from the CBD
Correct Answer
B. Edge cities
Explanation
Edge cities are large commercial and residential areas that are located on the outskirts of a central business district (CBD). They are characterized by their self-contained nature, with a mix of office buildings, shopping malls, entertainment venues, and residential areas. These areas typically have a high concentration of jobs and provide a range of amenities, reducing the need for residents to commute to the CBD. Edge cities are often developed in response to urban sprawl and provide an alternative to the traditional downtown area.
38.
The herding of animals
Correct Answer
A. Pastorialism
Explanation
Pastoralism refers to the practice of raising and herding animals for food, clothing, and other resources. It involves moving livestock from one grazing area to another in search of fresh pasture and water. This nomadic lifestyle is common in areas with limited agricultural potential and is often practiced by nomadic or semi-nomadic communities. Pastoralism is an important economic and cultural activity, providing livelihoods and sustenance for many communities around the world. It is distinct from other farming practices like remote farming and shifting cultivation, which involve different methods of land use and cultivation.
39.
Form of commercial agriculture where crops are sold to consumers
Correct Answer
A. Market oriented agriculture
Explanation
Market oriented agriculture refers to a form of commercial agriculture where crops are grown and sold specifically for the purpose of meeting the demands of consumers in the market. This type of agriculture focuses on producing crops that are in high demand and can fetch higher prices in the market. Farmers in market oriented agriculture aim to maximize their profits by adapting their production methods and crop choices to cater to consumer preferences and market trends. This form of agriculture is driven by market forces and aims to meet the needs and demands of consumers.
40.
Borders based on cultural traits
Correct Answer
A. Cultural boundaries
Explanation
Cultural boundaries refer to borders that are based on cultural traits such as language, religion, customs, and traditions. These boundaries separate different cultural groups and can often be seen in the form of ethnic or religious divisions. Cultural boundaries can be both physical, such as rivers or mountains, or conceptual, such as language or religion. They play a significant role in shaping the identity and interactions of different communities within a region.
41.
Borders are strait lines without regard to culture or environment
Correct Answer
A. Cultural boundaries
Explanation
Cultural boundaries refer to the divisions between different cultural groups or societies. These boundaries are not determined by physical or geographical factors, but rather by the differences in language, religion, customs, and traditions among different groups of people. Unlike natural or national boundaries, cultural boundaries are not straight lines and can be fluid, as they are influenced by the interactions and exchanges between different cultures. Therefore, the given statement that borders are straight lines without regard to culture or environment is not accurate, as cultural boundaries are shaped by cultural factors rather than being determined solely by physical or geometric factors.
42.
A small country between 2 larger more powerful countries
Correct Answer
D. Buffer state
Explanation
A buffer state refers to a small country located between two larger and more powerful countries. It acts as a buffer or a neutral zone between these two countries, helping to prevent conflicts or tensions between them. Buffer states often have political and economic agreements with both neighboring countries to maintain their independence and security. They serve as a barrier and provide a sense of stability in the region, reducing the risk of direct confrontation between the larger nations.
43.
Large estates on the Pampas
Correct Answer
B. Latifundia
Explanation
Latifundia refers to large estates on the Pampas, which are vast grasslands in South America. These estates were typically owned by wealthy landowners and were used for agricultural purposes. The term "latifundia" originated in ancient Rome and was later applied to similar large-scale agricultural systems in other parts of the world. In the context of the given options, latifundia is the most relevant term that describes large estates on the Pampas.
44.
A tropical fruit with starchy roots
Correct Answer
C. Manioc
Explanation
Manioc is a tropical fruit with starchy roots. It is also known as cassava and is a staple food in many tropical regions. Manioc is rich in carbohydrates and is a good source of energy. It is commonly used to make flour, tapioca, and other food products. Manioc is also known for its versatility and ability to grow in poor soil conditions, making it an important crop in areas with limited agricultural resources.
45.
A chain of high plateaus
Correct Answer
D. Tepuis
Explanation
Tepuis are a type of high plateaus found in South America, particularly in Venezuela and Brazil. They are characterized by their steep, vertical walls and flat, table-top like summits. These plateaus are formed by erosion over millions of years, and they are home to unique ecosystems and species that are found nowhere else on Earth. Tepuis are often considered as "islands in the sky" due to their isolated nature, making them a popular destination for hikers and explorers.
46.
Small farms that are often unprofitable
Correct Answer
C. Minifundia
Explanation
Minifundia refers to small farms that are often unprofitable. This term is commonly used in Latin America to describe small-scale agricultural operations that typically have limited resources and produce low yields. These farms are often unable to generate significant profits due to their small size and lack of access to modern farming technologies and resources. Therefore, the answer "minifundia" aligns with the given statement about small farms being unprofitable.
47.
The line of elevation above which trees do not grow
Correct Answer
D. Treeline
Explanation
The correct answer is "treeline". The treeline refers to the elevation above which trees are unable to grow due to factors such as low temperatures, high winds, or lack of nutrients. This natural boundary marks the transition from forested areas to alpine or barren landscapes. The treeline varies depending on the climate and geographical location, but generally, it becomes lower at higher latitudes or in harsher environments.
48.
A southern common market
Correct Answer
B. Mercosur
Explanation
Mercosur is the correct answer because it is a regional trade bloc in South America that aims to promote free trade and economic integration among its member countries. It was established in 1991 and currently consists of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay as full members, with Venezuela as a suspended member. Mercosur has implemented various measures to facilitate trade and cooperation among its members, including the elimination of tariffs and the establishment of a common external tariff. It plays a significant role in promoting economic development and integration in the southern region of South America.
49.
What is the chief chracteristic of a navigable river?
Correct Answer
D. It is deep enough and wide enough for shipping
Explanation
A navigable river is characterized by being deep enough and wide enough for shipping. This means that it has sufficient depth to accommodate ships and boats, as well as enough width to allow for safe navigation. This characteristic is essential for a river to be used for transportation and commerce, as it allows vessels to travel along the river without any obstacles or restrictions. The other options, such as being more than one mile wide or not emptying into a lake, are not necessarily defining features of a navigable river.
50.
Which of the following is not a major fishing country
Correct Answer
C. Ireland
Explanation
Ireland is not a major fishing country compared to Denmark, Iceland, and Spain. While Denmark, Iceland, and Spain are known for their significant fishing industries and have large fishing fleets, Ireland's fishing industry is relatively smaller in comparison. Ireland does have a fishing industry, but it is not considered a major player on the global scale.