6th Grade: Do You Actually Know About Earth Science?

The HIV virus can lead to AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. As the virus progresses, the immune system becomes severely weakened, making individuals more susceptible to various opportunistic infections and cancers. Therefore, AIDS is the correct disease associated with the HIV virus.

The calm centre of a hurricane is called the eye. In the eye, the weather is typically clear and calm, with light winds and no precipitation. It is surrounded by the eyewall, which is where the most intense winds and rain occur. The eye is caused by the descending air in the center of the storm, creating a relatively calm and clear area amidst the surrounding chaos.

Tropical storms in the region of the Pacific Ocean are called typhoons. Typhoons are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall, and they are similar to hurricanes and cyclones in other parts of the world. They typically form in warm ocean waters and can cause significant damage and destruction when they make landfall. The term "typhoon" is commonly used in the western Pacific, particularly in countries like Japan, China, and the Philippines, to refer to these powerful storms.

Portugal is not at risk from tropical storms because it is located in a region where tropical storms are less common. Tropical storms typically form in tropical regions, such as near the equator, where warm ocean waters provide the necessary energy for their formation. Portugal, being located in Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, is not in close proximity to these tropical regions. Therefore, it is less likely to experience the impact of tropical storms compared to the other countries listed.

Beri beri and rickets are caused by a deficiency of vitamins. Beri beri is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine), which affects the nervous system and cardiovascular system. Rickets, on the other hand, is a condition caused by a lack of vitamin D, which leads to weak and soft bones. Both conditions can be prevented by ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins through a balanced diet or supplementation.

Malaria and yellow fever are both caused by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes act as vectors for these diseases, transmitting the parasites that cause malaria and the virus that causes yellow fever. Both diseases can be serious and have similar symptoms such as fever, headache, and body aches. Preventive measures such as mosquito control and the use of bed nets are important in reducing the transmission of both malaria and yellow fever.

Hurricanes are the correct answer because tropical storms that form in the Caribbean are typically referred to as hurricanes. Hurricanes are powerful storms that originate in warm ocean waters and are characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. They can cause significant damage and destruction when they make landfall.

Female anopheles mosquitoes are known to spread malaria. Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus. These mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite, which causes malaria. The female mosquitoes require a blood meal to nourish their eggs, and when they bite an infected person, they can transmit the parasite to a healthy individual. Male mosquitoes do not transmit malaria as they do not feed on blood.

Bilharzia, also known as schistosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. The disease is transmitted through contact with contaminated freshwater, where snails act as intermediate hosts for the parasite. The name "Snail fever" is a common term used to refer to bilharzia due to the involvement of snails in the transmission cycle of the disease.

Yellow fever is not caused by drinking dirty water. It is a viral disease that is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus is mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. Drinking dirty water can cause diseases such as cholera, hepatitis, and typhoid, but yellow fever is not one of them.