8th Grade: Do You Actually Know About Earth Science?
Granite is an igneous rock that underlies a lot of highland Scotland and the south-west peninsula of England (Devon and Cornwall). Dartmoor is a good example of a typical granite landscape. Exposures of granite are the tops of batholiths and this usually produces flat-topped moorland areas. Is your earth science knowledge vast enough to ace this test? Let's find out.
- 1.
Clay is:
- A.
A hard and porous rock
- B.
A hard and impermeable rock
- C.
A soft and porous rock
- D.
A soft and impermeable rock
Correct Answer
D. A soft and impermeable rockExplanation
Clay is a soft and impermeable rock because it has a low hardness and is easily molded or shaped. It is also impermeable, meaning it does not allow water or other fluids to pass through it easily. Clay is known for its plasticity and ability to retain water, making it an ideal material for pottery and ceramics. Its impermeability also makes it useful for lining ponds, reservoirs, and landfills to prevent leakage.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is the least likely to be found in a granite landscape?
- A.
Underground caverns
- B.
High drainage density
- C.
Peat bog
- D.
Areas of standing water
Correct Answer
A. Underground cavernsExplanation
Granite is an igneous rock that is not easily dissolved by water, making it less likely to have underground caverns compared to other types of rocks such as limestone. Underground caverns are typically formed through the process of dissolution, where water slowly dissolves the rock over time. Since granite is not easily dissolved, it is less likely to have underground caverns.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Limestone pavement is created by which of the following processes?
- A.
Attrition
- B.
Solution
- C.
Saltation
- D.
Hydraulic action
Correct Answer
B. SolutionExplanation
Limestone pavement is created by the process of solution. Solution refers to the chemical weathering process in which water dissolves the rock, particularly the soluble components of limestone, over time. This results in the formation of distinct patterns and shapes on the surface, known as limestone pavement. The other processes mentioned, such as attrition, saltation, and hydraulic action, may contribute to the erosion and transportation of limestone particles, but they do not directly create limestone pavement.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following features is most associated with granite landscapes in the south-west peninsula of England?
- A.
Stalactites and stalagmites
- B.
Tors
- C.
White cliffs
- D.
Underground streams
Correct Answer
B. TorsExplanation
Tors are most associated with granite landscapes in the south-west peninsula of England. Tors are large, exposed rock formations that are formed due to weathering and erosion of the surrounding granite. They are commonly found in areas with granite bedrock, such as Dartmoor and Bodmin Moor in the south-west peninsula of England. The presence of tors is a distinct feature of these landscapes and is a result of millions of years of geological processes shaping the region.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following statements about a chalk landscape is untrue?
- A.
It is most often located in the upland areas of Britain
- B.
Chalk forms white cliffs on the south coast
- C.
Chalk soils are thin and poor
- D.
Acid rain can dissolve chalk
Correct Answer
A. It is most often located in the upland areas of BritainExplanation
Chalk landscapes are most commonly found in lowland areas rather than upland areas of Britain. Chalk forms white cliffs on the south coast and chalk soils are indeed thin and poor. Additionally, it is true that acid rain can dissolve chalk.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Granite forms which of the following types of landscape?
- A.
Plains
- B.
A dust bowl
- C.
Moorland
- D.
Fens
Correct Answer
C. MoorlandExplanation
Granite forms moorland landscapes. Moorland is characterized by open, rolling hills covered in heather, grasses, and low-lying vegetation. Granite, a type of igneous rock, is often found in upland areas and can weather to form the rocky outcrops and tors commonly seen in moorland landscapes. The presence of granite also influences the soil composition and drainage patterns, contributing to the unique ecosystem found in moorlands.Rate this question:
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- 7.
FWhy does a granite landscape have a high drainage density?
- A.
Granite is criss-crossed with underground aquifers
- B.
Granite is highly porous
- C.
Granite is an impermeable rock
- D.
The soil is very thin
Correct Answer
C. Granite is an impermeable rockExplanation
Granite is an impermeable rock, meaning it does not allow water to easily pass through it. This characteristic results in a high drainage density in a granite landscape because water is unable to penetrate the rock and instead flows over the surface, creating numerous drainage channels. As a result, the water is quickly drained from the landscape, leading to a high density of drainage features such as streams and rivers.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Why do chalk downs have a low drainage density?
- A.
Chalk is porous and permeable
- B.
Chalk is neither porous nor permeable
- C.
Farmers have created underground channels to prevent water contamination
- D.
Chalk is only found in deserts
Correct Answer
A. Chalk is porous and permeableExplanation
Chalk is a type of sedimentary rock that is known for its porosity and permeability. This means that it has many small pores and spaces between its particles, allowing water to easily flow through it. As a result, when it rains, the water quickly infiltrates into the chalk and is absorbed, leading to a low drainage density. This is why chalk downs have a low drainage density compared to other types of rock formations.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is likely to be found in a limestone landscape.
- A.
Dry valleys
- B.
Swallow holes
- C.
Gorges
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In a limestone landscape, all of the mentioned features are likely to be found. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is easily eroded by water, forming various landforms. Dry valleys are common in limestone areas as the water seeps through cracks and fissures, leaving the surface dry. Swallow holes, also known as sinkholes, occur when the limestone is dissolved by acidic water, creating underground cavities. Gorges are deep, narrow valleys that are formed by the erosion of limestone by rivers over time. Thus, all of these features are characteristic of a limestone landscape.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A geographer on a field trip noticed that the fields of barley around the study centre were waterlogged even though it hadn't rained for over a week. What might she guess about the underlying rocks?
- A.
It is probably chalk
- B.
It is probably limestone
- C.
It is probably granite
- D.
It is probably clay
Correct Answer
D. It is probably clayExplanation
The geographer can guess that the underlying rocks are probably clay because clay has a high water-holding capacity and can retain water for a longer period of time. This would explain why the fields of barley are waterlogged even though there hasn't been any recent rainfall.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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