Neuroanatomy MCQs Quiz With Answers

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Stephanie Baumhover, PharmD |
Medical Education Director
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Stephanie Baumhover is a Medical Education Director, with a comprehensive background in Critical Care, Oncology, Pediatrics, and Managed Care. She holds a PharmD from Creighton University and completed her PGY1 Residency in Critical Care and Transplant at the University of Virginia. Currently, she excels in her role at Medscape.
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  • 1/20 Questions

    The brainstem includes all of the following except the:

    • Cerebellum
    • Midbrain
    • Pons
    • Medulla
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About This Quiz

Do you want to learn more about neuroanatomy? If your answer is yes, then here is a 'Neuroanatomy MCQs quiz with answers' that we have made for you. The test covers different types of questions about neuroanatomy that will not only be useful for testing your knowledge on the subject but your knowledge with increase as well with this quiz. Are you ready for this? Then let us go for it.

Neuroanatomy MCQs Quiz With Answers - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Components of the central nervous system include all of the following except the:

    • Cerebellum

    • Spinal cord

    • Spinal nerves

    • Diencephalon.

    Correct Answer
    A. Spinal nerves
    Explanation
    The spinal nerves are not considered a component of the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. The spinal nerves, on the other hand, are part of the peripheral nervous system, which connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

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  • 3. 

    The integrity of the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve can be determined by asking the patient to:

    • Open the jaw against resistance

    • Puff out the cheeks

    • Close eyes tightly

    • Protrude the tongue

    Correct Answer
    A. Open the jaw against resistance
    Explanation
    Testing the integrity of the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve involves assessing the motor function of the jaw. Asking the patient to open the jaw against resistance is a specific test for the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve controls the muscles responsible for jaw movement, and if there is any damage or dysfunction in this nerve, the patient may have difficulty opening the jaw against resistance. This test helps in evaluating the functionality of the trigeminal nerve and determining if there are any abnormalities or impairments present.

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  • 4. 

    Which sulcus separates the pons from the midbrain?

    • Central Sulcus

    • Superior Pontine Sulcus

    • Lateral Sulcus

    • Inferior Pontine Sulcus

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior Pontine Sulcus
    Explanation
    The Superior Pontine Sulcus is the correct answer because it is the sulcus that separates the pons from the midbrain.

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  • 5. 

    The trigeminal nerve arises from the brain at the level of the:

    • Medulla

    • Mid-Pons

    • Midbrain

    • Diencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Mid-Pons
    Explanation
    The trigeminal nerve arises from the brain at the level of the Pons. The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain. The Pons is a part of the brainstem that plays a crucial role in relaying signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum. It is located above the medulla and below the midbrain. Therefore, the trigeminal nerve originates from the Pons.

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  • 6. 

    The mammillary bodies are part of the:

    • Medulla

    • Pons

    • Midbrain

    • Diencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Diencephalon
    Explanation
    The mammillary bodies are part of the diencephalon. The diencephalon is a region of the brain that is located between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain. It includes several structures, such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round structures located on the undersurface of the brain, specifically in the posterior region of the hypothalamus. They are involved in the processing and storage of memory, particularly in relation to spatial memory and navigation.

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  • 7. 

    In the neurological exam, confrontational testing, with the patient fixating on the examiner’s nose, is used to determine: 

    • Visual acuity

    • The integrity of the visual fields

    • Color vision

    • The status of the retinal vasculature

    Correct Answer
    A. The integrity of the visual fields
    Explanation
    Confrontational testing in the neurological exam involves the patient fixating on the examiner's nose while the examiner moves their fingers or objects in different directions. This test is used to assess the integrity of the visual fields, which refers to the ability to see objects in different parts of the visual field. By determining if the patient can accurately perceive the movement of the examiner's fingers or objects in their peripheral vision, the test helps identify any potential visual field defects or abnormalities.

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  • 8. 

    The term “rostral” means:

    • Towards the tail

    • Towards the nose

    • Towards the dorsal aspect of the body

    • Towards the ventral aspect of the body

    Correct Answer
    A. Towards the nose
    Explanation
    The term "rostral" refers to a direction towards the nose. This term is commonly used in anatomical and biological contexts to describe the location or movement of a structure towards the front or anterior part of an organism. It is the opposite of "caudal," which refers to a direction towards the tail.

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  • 9. 

    All of the following arteries are branches of the basilar artery except the:

    • Pontine Arteries

    • Middle Cerebral Artery

    • Posterior Cerebral Artery

    • Superior Cerebellar Artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Middle Cerebral Artery
    Explanation
    The middle cerebral artery is not a branch of the basilar artery. The basilar artery is a major blood vessel in the brainstem, and it gives rise to several branches, including the pontine arteries, posterior cerebral artery, and superior cerebellar artery. However, the middle cerebral artery is not directly connected to the basilar artery. It arises from the internal carotid artery, which is a separate blood vessel in the neck.

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  • 10. 

    The secondary embryonic brain vesicle that gives rise to the pons and cerebellum is the:

    • Telencephalon

    • Mesencephalon

    • Metencephalon

    • Myelencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Metencephalon
    Explanation
    The metencephalon is the secondary embryonic brain vesicle that gives rise to the pons and cerebellum. The telencephalon develops into the cerebral hemispheres, the mesencephalon becomes the midbrain, and the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata. Therefore, the correct answer is metencephalon.

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  • 11. 

    The portion of the ventricular system that is located within the midbrain is the:

    • Lateral Ventricle

    • Third Ventricle

    • Cerebral Aqueduct

    • Fourth Ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebral Aqueduct
    Explanation
    The cerebral aqueduct is the correct answer because it is the portion of the ventricular system that is located within the midbrain. The cerebral aqueduct is a narrow canal that connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle in the brainstem. It allows for the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between these two ventricles.

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  • 12. 

    The roof of the fourth ventricle is formed by the:

    • Corpus Callosum

    • Thalamus

    • Cerebellum

    • Tectum

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebellum
    Explanation
    The roof of the fourth ventricle is formed by the cerebellum. The fourth ventricle is a fluid-filled space in the brainstem, located between the pons and the cerebellum. It is responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebellum is a large structure located at the back of the brain, below the occipital lobes. It plays a crucial role in coordinating movement, balance, and posture. Therefore, it makes sense that the cerebellum would contribute to the formation of the roof of the fourth ventricle.

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  • 13. 

    Inductive signals, generated by the activity of specific genes, are responsible for the differentiation of all of the following cell types except:    

    • Ependymal cells.

    • Neurons

    • Astrocytes

    • Oligodendrocytes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ependymal cells.
    Explanation
    Inductive signals are responsible for the differentiation of various cell types during development. Neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are all derived from inductive signals. However, ependymal cells are not generated by inductive signals. Therefore, the correct answer is ependymal cells.

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  • 14. 

    The white matter of the spinal cord is divided into three general regions known as anterior, posterior, and lateral:

    • Horns

    • Lemnisci

    • Commissures

    • Funiculi

    Correct Answer
    A. Funiculi
    Explanation
    The correct answer is funiculi because the white matter of the spinal cord is divided into three general regions known as anterior, posterior, and lateral funiculi. Funiculi refer to the bundles of nerve fibers that run longitudinally within the spinal cord and carry sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body.

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  • 15. 

    Extracellular matrix adhesion molecules enable axonal elongation by binding with which of the following receptors located in the membrane of the growth cone?

    • Cadherins

    • Laminins

    • Integrins

    • Fibronectins

    Correct Answer
    A. Integrins
    Explanation
    Integrins are receptors located in the membrane of the growth cone that bind with extracellular matrix adhesion molecules. This binding enables axonal elongation, allowing the growth cone to navigate and extend along the extracellular matrix. Cadherins are cell-cell adhesion molecules, while laminins and fibronectins are components of the extracellular matrix but do not directly interact with the growth cone receptors. Therefore, integrins are the correct answer for this question.

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  • 16. 

    In early embryogenesis, the notochord develops in the midline from the:

    • Floorplate

    • Mesoderm

    • Neural Tube

    • Ectoderm

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesoderm
    Explanation
    The notochord develops in the midline from the mesoderm during early embryogenesis. The mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the developing embryo, and it gives rise to various structures including the notochord. The notochord is a rod-like structure that serves as a temporary support for the developing embryo and plays a crucial role in the formation of the vertebral column. Therefore, the correct answer is Mesoderm.

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  • 17. 

    Which statement about the early precursor cells of the neural tube is incorrect?

    • The cells form a pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

    • The cells extend between the pia and the lumen of the neural tube.

    • The cells lose contact with the pial surface during mitosis.

    • The cell nuclei move closest to the lumen of the neural tube during the period of DNA replication (S phase).

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell nuclei move closest to the lumen of the neural tube during the period of DNA replication (S phase).
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the cell nuclei move closest to the pial surface of the neural tube during the period of DNA replication (S phase). This is incorrect because during the S phase, the cell nuclei actually move away from the pial surface and towards the lumen of the neural tube. This movement allows for proper cell division and the formation of the neural tube.

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  • 18. 

    Which statement about cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) is incorrect?

    • CAMs are only found within the cell membranes of neurons and glia.

    • CAMs encourage growing axons to maintain contact and form axon bundles.

    • CAMs act as both ligand and receptor, forming dimers of like molecules.

    • CAMs may be calcium-dependent or calcium-independent.

    Correct Answer
    A. CAMs are only found within the cell membranes of neurons and glia.
    Explanation
    The statement that CAMs are only found within the cell membranes of neurons and glia is incorrect. CAMs are not exclusive to neurons and glia; they are found in various cell types throughout the body. CAMs play a crucial role in cell adhesion and communication, facilitating interactions between cells in processes such as tissue development, immune response, and wound healing.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following statements about trophic interactions is incorrect?

    • Trophic interactions are mediated by trophic substances called neurotrophins.

    • Trophic interactions determine the size of neuronal populations during development.

    • Trophic interactions occur between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons.

    • Trophic interactions no longer play a role in neuron survival and function in the adult nervous system.

    Correct Answer
    A. Trophic interactions no longer play a role in neuron survival and function in the adult nervous system.
    Explanation
    Trophic interactions are essential for neuron survival and function in the adult nervous system. These interactions involve the exchange of neurotrophins between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, which regulate the size of neuronal populations during development. Neurotrophins are trophic substances that support the growth, survival, and maintenance of neurons. Therefore, the statement that trophic interactions no longer play a role in neuron survival and function in the adult nervous system is incorrect.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following molecules is a chemoattractant that plays an important role in guiding axonal growth at midline crossing points such as the optic chiasm?

    • Semaphorin.

    • Netrin

    • Nogo

    • Nerve Growth Factor

    Correct Answer
    A. Netrin
    Explanation
    Netrin is the correct answer because it is a chemoattractant molecule that plays a crucial role in guiding axonal growth at midline crossing points like the optic chiasm. It helps in directing the growth of axons towards their appropriate targets during neural development. Netrin acts as a guidance cue for axons, attracting them and guiding them along the correct path. It is involved in various processes, including the development of the nervous system and the formation of neural circuits.

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Stephanie Baumhover |PharmD |
Medical Education Director
Stephanie Baumhover is a Medical Education Director, with a comprehensive background in Critical Care, Oncology, Pediatrics, and Managed Care. She holds a PharmD from Creighton University and completed her PGY1 Residency in Critical Care and Transplant at the University of Virginia. Currently, she excels in her role at Medscape.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 12, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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    Expert Reviewed by
    Stephanie Baumhover
  • Feb 06, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Podstudent
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