NCE Practice Examination

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  • 1/96 Questions

    Competitiveness between children in the same family is known as

    • A. sibling rivalry
    • B. the Oedipus conflict
    • C. the Electra conflict
    • D. the Foundling conflict
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About This Quiz

Practice test for preparation for the NCE. Questions come from the Official NCE Guide.

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  • 2. 

    Stage theories of human development are used by many counselors in their work with older persons because they facilitate understanding older persons' general life situations.  In this context, Erikson described the development stge that occurs late in life as

    • A. intimacy vs. autonomy

    • B. integrity vs. despair

    • C. trust vs. isolation

    • D. intimacy vs. mistrust

    Correct Answer
    A. B. integrity vs. despair
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development

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  • 3. 

    Third party reimbursement is a term pertinent to

    • A. transactional analysis

    • B. behavioral therapy

    • C. insurance practices

    • D. veterans' educational programs

    Correct Answer
    A. C. insurance practices
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 4. 

    A counseling group member stated, "I feel so much better knowing that many of you have had similar problems. I guess we're all in the same boat!" This member's statement is an example of a group process phenomenon kown as

    • A. transference.

    • B. universality

    • C. catharsis.

    • D. intellectualization

    Correct Answer
    A. B. universality
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 5. 

    Career counseling should include

    • A. exploration of values and attitudes.

    • B. information and factual data about counselees' resources.

    • C. recognition of counselees' needs, conflicts, and relationships.

    • D. all of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. D. all of the above.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 6. 

    A member of the local clergy telephones and asks for your evaluation of the moral values of a person whom the caller knows was one of your clients. The caller wants your opinion because the former client is an applicant to a theological institution for which the caller is the local applicant evaluator. You should

    • A. respond orally but require that no records be made of the conversation and that no comments be attributed to you.

    • B. inform the caller that under no circumstances are you ethically permitted to divulge whether a person is or has been a client or any information about a client without the client's permission.

    • C. inform the caller that you need to call the former client and obtain the client's permission before you can express your opinions.

    • D. seek the counsel of your supervisor to determine what types of information it would be permissible to divulge.

    Correct Answer
    A. B. inform the caller that under no circumstances are you ethically permitted to divulge whether a person is or has been a client or any information about a client without the client's permission.
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 7. 

    The best descriptor of the emotion that results when a feeling or fear is not understood by the person experiencing it is

    • A. anxiety

    • B. affect

    • C. anger

    • D. arousal

    Correct Answer
    A. A. anxiety
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development

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  • 8. 

    When communicating with other professionals, counselors use various words or phrases to describe the behaviors being exhibited by their clients.  For example, when a client is attributing personally held feelings to another person, a counselor might say that the client is engaging in a process known as

    • A. sex-role orientation

    • B. universalization

    • C. identification

    • D. projection

    Correct Answer
    A. D. projection
    Explanation
    Social and Cultural Foundations

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  • 9. 

    You have been providing career counseling to a client who is seeking employment. Concurrent to the counseling, and with your knowledge, the client has made application for employment with several employers. A potential employer calls you and asks for your opinion as to your client's suitability for the employer's job opening. Under which of the following conditions are you free (i.e., not in violation of professional ethics) to provide the information requested?

    • A. when it is clear that the client will not get the job unless the information is given.

    • B. when you are certain that the information you would provide would assure that the client would get the job

    • C. when in your best judgment you believe the information would enhance the client's chances for getting the job

    • D. none of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D. none of the above
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 10. 

    In recent years the language used in federal and many state legislative acts relative to counseling services for persons with handicaps has tended to shift from the use of general categorical definitions to noncategorical definitions of functional limitations of handicapping conditions.  This change appears to reflect a realization that

    • A. the medical (i.e., physical) diagnosis is the most accurate basis for determining an appropriate level of funding

    • B. a specific disability has essentially the same effect in any educational or work setting

    • C. funding bases should not incorporate considerations of categories of disabilities

    • D. all categorically disables people do not have the same functional limitations in all work or education situations

    Correct Answer
    A. D. all categorically disables people do not have the same functional limitations in all work or education situations
    Explanation
    Social and Cultural Foundations

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  • 11. 

    The Dictionary of Occupational Titles

    • A. would not be useful in face-to-face counseling with an individual.

    • B. is more useful than the Occupational Outlook Handbook.

    • C. could be useful in helping a counselee expand occupational options.

    • D. would be useful at the conclusion of the counseling process.

    Correct Answer
    A. C. could be useful in helping a counselee expand occupational options.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 12. 

    A measure that is highly reliable can be depended on to

    • A. be equivalent.

    • B. measure accurately.

    • C. give consistent results

    • D. be specific.

    Correct Answer
    A. C. give consistent results
    Explanation
    Appraisal

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  • 13. 

    A counselor conducted a study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing group career counseling on the vocational maturity of high school sophomores. The study was begun in September and continued until June. This study is particularly susceptible to which of the following threeats to the validity of an experiment?

    • A. regression

    • B. maturation

    • C. reactive effects of experimentation

    • D. multiple treatment interference

    Correct Answer
    A. B. maturation
    Explanation
    Research and Program Evaluation

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  • 14. 

    As applied to professional licensure of counselors, the term "reciprocity" means that

    • A. one licensing agency agrees to accept the licensing standards of another as sufficient for its own

    • B. a licensed counselor may legally perform the functions of a licensed psychologist.

    • C. certification is synonymous with licensure.

    • D. graduation from a fully accredited counselor education program automatically constitutes eligibility for licensure.

    Correct Answer
    A. A. one licensing agency agrees to accept the licensing standards of another as sufficient for its own
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 15. 

    Clients and counselors sit closer together, presumably reflecting being psychologically closer, when they are similar in terms of factors such as age, social status, and general appearance (e.g., style of clothing worn).  However, research in proxemics also has shown that forward (upper body) trunk lean by a counselor is likely to cause a negative, distancing reaction initially in a client who is 

    • A. depressed and crying

    • B. less intelligent than the counselor

    • C. a different race from the counselor

    • D. much shorter than the counselor

    Correct Answer
    A. C. a different race from the counselor
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Pg. 104 of "Helping Skills: Facilitating Exploration, Insight, and Action, 3rd Edition" by Hill

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  • 16. 

    Counselors know that groups are formed for different purposes. For example, in some groups the primary goal is to yield some specified outcome, or "product," while in others the primary goal is to focus on the "process" of interaction within the group. Which one of the following types of groups is more product than process oriented?

    • A. behavioral

    • B. transactional-analysis

    • C. Adlerian

    • D. client-centered

    Correct Answer
    A. A. behavioral
  • 17. 

    Erikson presented an eight-stage theory of human development, the last stage of which he entitled "integrity vs. despair."  A person's challenge in this stage is to achieve acceptance of the finality of life.  Erikson postulated that such acceptance could be achieved only if the person had

    • A. reached a parallel level of moral development

    • B. established an economic environment such that the person need not be concerned about having good living conditions

    • C. successfully met the challenges of the previous stages

    • D. developed the ability to distinguish among the various roles the individual had filled in life

    Correct Answer
    A. C. successfully met the challenges of the previous stages
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development (1994 CACREP Standard II-J-1)

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  • 18. 

    When persons who are characteristically shy and withdrawn participate in "assertiveness training," initially they experience uncertainty and self-doubt.  Counselors refer to this social-psychological concepts as

    • A. cognitive dissonance

    • B. dissociation

    • C. individuation

    • D. acculturation

    Correct Answer
    A. A. cognitive dissonance
    Explanation
    Social and Cultural Foundations

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  • 19. 

    In Schein's "Doctor-Patient" model of consultation, which of the following conditions must e met for the consulttion process to be effective?

    • A. The consultee correctly interprets the symptoms identified

    • B. The consultee trusts that the consultant has provided accurate diagnostic information

    • C. The consultee is willing to implement the suggestions made by the consultant

    • D. All of the above conditions must be met

    Correct Answer
    A. D. All of the above conditions must be met
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships Chapter 19 of "Counseling Psychology: 2nd Edition" by Gelso and Fretz

    "The doctor-patient model is operating when a consultant "examines" a client or client system, and then, like a physician, makes recommendations for therapy." http://www.cas.umt.edu/dcs/faculty/bach/Documents/423_lange1982.pdf

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  • 20. 

    The counseling technique used by the counselor to explain to a client the logical inconsistencies in the client's statements is known as

    • A. confrontation

    • B. summarization

    • C. paradoxical intention

    • D. systematic desensitization

    Correct Answer
    A. A. confrontation
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

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  • 21. 

    A student obtained a score of 93 on a test having a standard error of measurement of 4 points. In interpreting the results, the counselor correctly informed the student that

    • A. the student could not get a score above 97 no matter how many times the test was retaken by the student.

    • B. the student had scored among the top 11 percent of those who had taken the test.

    • C. the student had achieved a score that was at least four points above the national mean.

    • D. more than likely the student would get a score between 89 and 97 if the student took the test again.

    Correct Answer
    A. D. more than likely the student would get a score between 89 and 97 if the student took the test again.
    Explanation
    Appraisal

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  • 22. 

    Counselors who follow a behavioral counseling orientation know that primary emphasis in it is the development of

    • A. a loving counselor-client relationship

    • B. the client's awareness of subconscious feelings

    • C. an awareness of client behavioral stimuli and reinforcements

    • D. the client's needs hierarchy in behavioral terms

    Correct Answer
    A. C. an awareness of client behavioral stimuli and reinforcements
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Chapter 3 of "Twenty-First Century Psychotherapies: Comtemporary Approaches to Theory and Practice," Ed. by Lebow

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  • 23. 

    The members of a group seemed to be revelling against the group counselor's leadership, "fighting" with one another to establish dominance in the group, confronting the group counselor as well as one another, and generally being in a state of conflict.  Based on these characteristics and behaviors, the group counselor determined that the group was in which of the following stages of group development?

    • A. orientation

    • B. transition

    • C. action

    • D. completion

    Correct Answer
    A. B. transition
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 24. 

    You are conducting career counseling with a 19-year-old female who had a B average in high school, reports having studies "only moderately," and currently works in a machine shop. Both she and her supervisor report that she is very adept at the work. She also is a student at the local college and is making mostly C and D grades, but reports that she becomes morose and sullen if she studies for long periods of time. She also reports that her parents want her to enter a "profession," but are vague as to which one. Which of Ginzberg's stages of career development would be applicable to this person t this time?

    • A. exploration

    • B. confirmation

    • C. crystallization

    • D. specification

    Correct Answer
    A. A. exploration
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 25. 

    The publication that is likely to average the largest numer of current research articles on the counseling process is the

    • A. Journal of Counseling Psychology

    • B. Review of Educational Research

    • C. Journal of Counseling and Abnormal Psychology

    • D. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders

    Correct Answer
    A. A. Journal of Counseling Psychology
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 26. 

    Counselors adhering to the personality theory espoused by C.G. Jung often have to help people with problems related to what Jung "individuation."  Jung defined this term as the process

    • A. which occurs when adolescents leave home to establish their own residences

    • B. occurring throughout life in which a person is becoming an individual

    • C. through which parents come to have unique patterns of interaction with each of their children

    • D. which is an outgrowth of the psychoanalytic principle of determinism

    Correct Answer
    A. B. occurring throughout life in which a person is becoming an individual
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development (1994 CACREP Standard II-J-1)

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  • 27. 

    Research on the development in a person of a so-called "humanistic life outlook" has shown that it is facilitated by

    • A. formal educational experiences

    • B. observational learning experiences

    • C. diverse interpersonal interactions

    • D. all of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D. all of the above
    Explanation
    Social and Cultural Foundations

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  • 28. 

    Although group effectiveness is difficult to define and is related to the purposes and leadership of the group, some general principles have been agreed upon. For example, group processes generally are most effective when the group

    • A. has an authoritarian leader who maintains interpersonal rules and directions for the group.

    • B. develops new ways of functioning in response to emerging needs and patterns of interaction among group members

    • C. identifies group members who inhibit movement toward the group's goals.

    • D. works on several group tasks simultaneously, thereby increasing group efficiency.

    Correct Answer
    A. B. develops new ways of functioning in response to emerging needs and patterns of interaction among group members
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 29. 

    According to the NBCC Code of Ethics and the ACA Code of Ethics, when should a counselor try to persuade the client to report knowledge of a crime to the appropriate law enforcement authorities?

    • A. when there is imminent danger to others

    • B. when there is a crime in progress

    • C. after the crime

    • D. never

    Correct Answer
    A. A. when there is imminent danger to others
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 30. 

    A client was referred to a counselor by a physician.  On the physician's advice, the client had been taking valium to alleviate "minor instances of stress."  Initially, small doses of valium were sufficient to alleviate the client's stress.  However, over a period of approximately one year, the client had found it necessary to take increasingly larger doses to bring about similar stress reduction.  The counselor surmised that the client had developed a(n) __________ to the valium.

    • A. psychological dependence

    • B. addiction

    • C. physical dependence

    • D. tolerance

    Correct Answer
    A. D. tolerance
    Explanation
    Social and Cultural Foundations

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  • 31. 

    A client's __________ is a number that indicates how many persons taking the same test performed worse than or equal to the client.

    • A. norm

    • B. percentile rank

    • C. rank equivalent

    • D. test rank

    Correct Answer
    A. B. percentile rank
    Explanation
    Appraisal

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  • 32. 

    A counselor who structures a career counseling group to help group members understand a "fields and levels" approach to careers is following the theory of 

    • A. Super.

    • B. Roe.

    • C. Holland.

    • D. Tiedeman.

    Correct Answer
    A. B. Roe.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 33. 

    A client has concluded a series of counseling sesions with another counselor and has now come to you for counseling. According to the NBCC ethical standards, you should

    • A. proceed as you would with any other new client.

    • B. contact the other counselor and find out if it is appropriate for you to counsel the client.

    • C. contact the other counselor to ensure that you do not cover the same topic areas with the client.

    • D. advise the client to continue with the other counselor.

    Correct Answer
    A. A. proceed as you would with any other new client.
    Explanation
    Professional Orientation

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  • 34. 

    In attempting to understand the life perspectives and characteristics of their clients, some counselors use Kohlberg's theory of moral development as a theoretical framework.  These counselors know that Kohlberg's theory includes three progressive levels culminating in

    • A. self-actualization, wherein the individual is fully humanistic

    • B. principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self-accepted set of standards of behavior

    • C. androgyny, wherein the individual exhibits both male and female stereotypic behaviors

    • D. personhood, wherein the individual is free from moral dilemmas

    Correct Answer
    A. B. principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self-accepted set of standards of behavior
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development (1994 CACREP Standard II-J-1)

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  • 35. 

    Client: "Most of the time things are fine, but I hate it when my parents fight.  It makes me want to run away from home." Counselor: "Is it possible that you both love and hate your parents?" The counselor's response is an example of the counseling skill known as

    • A. reflection

    • B. interpretation

    • C. summarization

    • D. confrontation

    Correct Answer
    A. B. interpretation
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Chapter 9 of "Counseling Psychology, 2nd Edition" by Gelso and Fretz

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  • 36. 

    Diagnosis is most clearly a counselor's task in which of the following types of group counseling?

    • A. existential

    • B. client-centered

    • C. rational emotive

    • D. psychoanalytic

    Correct Answer
    A. D. psychoanalytic
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 37. 

    A counselor completing a report for an insurance company was required to indicate whether a client had a phobia or an anxiety reaction.  The counselor was able to indicate the correct classification ecause the counselor knew that the primary distinction between te two conditions is the

    • A. age of onset of severe psychological distress

    • B. ease with which the symptoms are eliminated

    • C. frequency of symptom occurrence

    • D. specificity of the fear-causing source

    Correct Answer
    A. D. specificity of the fear-causing source
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development (1994 CACREP Standard II-J-1)

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  • 38. 

    In the context of the reality therapy approach to counseling, the counselor strives to achieve a counseling relationship in which the counselor assumes a(n) __________ role in decision-making relative to the client.

    • A. superordinate

    • B. equal

    • C. subordinate

    • D. antithetical

    Correct Answer
    A. B. equal
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    http://www.wglasser.com/the-glasser-approach/reality-therapy

    http://www.realitytherapywub.com/

    http://www.csun.edu/~hcpsy002/Psy460_Ch11_Handout2_ppt.pdf

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  • 39. 

    A counselor was hired to develop the educational activities that would promote development of gender-fair (i.e., non sex-role stereotypic) attitudes among older elementary-school-age children.  The counselor decided to develop the activities within the context of social learning theory.  Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for use by the counselor?

    • A. having the children view movies that depict males in so-called traditionally feminine occupations (e.g., nursing) or activities (e.g., ironing) and vice-versa

    • B. providing some reward (e.g., a small candy) to children who make gender-fair statements during a discussion of "what people do when they grow up"

    • C. instructing the children how to ask their parents what their parents' beliefs are about appropriate roles for women and men

    • D. having the children share what they believe are each of their parent's feelings about activities they do (e.g., active and passive play behaviors)

    Correct Answer
    A. A. having the children view movies that depict males in so-called traditionally feminine occupations (e.g., nursing) or activities (e.g., ironing) and vice-versa
    Explanation
    Human Growth and Development (1994 CACREP Standard II-J-1)

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  • 40. 

    The counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the client's emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the eotional reaction is known as

    • A. confrontation

    • B. paradoxical intention

    • C. systematic desensitization

    • D. reconfiguration

    Correct Answer
    A. B. paradoxical intention
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Pg. 315 of "Twenty-First Century Psychotherapies: Contemporary Approaches to Theory and Practice," Ed. by Lebow

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  • 41. 

    At the conclusion of a year-long career counseling activity designed specifically for 34 "underemployed" persons, you are able to report to your supervisors that 22 of the participants changed to "training/education appropriate" jobs, 4 became unemployed, 5 remained in their same jobs, and 3 dropped out of the counseling program. This information is which of the following types of evaluation data?

    • A. process

    • B. context

    • C. product

    • D. validity

    Correct Answer
    A. C. product
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 42. 

    The concept of "career maturity" has been described and researched most extensively by

    • A. Crites.

    • B. Hoyt.

    • C. Tiedeman.

    • D. Ginzberg.

    Correct Answer
    A. A. Crites.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 43. 

    Client: "I just can't see myself working in a hospital, being around sick kids all day." Counselor: "You just don't like kids." The counselor in this example has made which of the following types of reflection error?

    • A. depth

    • B. capitulation

    • C. meaning

    • D. syntax

    Correct Answer
    A. C. meaning
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

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  • 44. 

    "Men (used here to mean all people) are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them."  This quote, attributable to Epictetus, most closely describes the counseling theory developed by

    • A. Rogers

    • B. Carkhuff

    • C. Freud

    • D. Ellis

    Correct Answer
    A. D. Ellis
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Chapter 3 of "Twenty-First Century Psychotherapies: Contemporary Approaches to Theory and Practice," Ed. by Lebow

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  • 45. 

    In some counseling groups the members feel dependent upon the group counselor (leader) for direction and movement and are passive in other ways as well, and the group counselor is easily fatigues and irritated because of the responsibility to "make everything work" in the group. According to Yalom (among others), this situation is most likely to arise in groups

    • A. that have failed to establish self-disclosure as an appropriate behavior for group members.

    • B. in which unstructured, freely interactive behavior is the norm for group members.

    • C. in which the meaningfulness of the group to each of the respective members is too high.

    • D. that have not assumed responsibility for their own functioning.

    Correct Answer
    A. D. that have not assumed responsibility for their own functioning.
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 46. 

    In the context of group counseling, members who are high in conformity also tend to be high in

    • A. independence

    • B. authoritarianism

    • C. intelligence

    • D. superiority

    Correct Answer
    A. B. authoritarianism
    Explanation
    Group Work

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  • 47. 

    One of the primary differences in clients' uses of career counseling resources in print media format (e.g., Dictionary of Occupational Titles or Occupational Outlook Handbook) and those in computerized format (e.g., Choices, Discover II, SIGI(R), ECES) is the

    • A. number of jobs/occupations for which information is available

    • B. speed with which information can be retrieved for use.

    • C. lack of need for counselors when the computerized format is used.

    • D. lack of need for the computerized format when the print media format is used.

    Correct Answer
    A. B. speed with which information can be retrieved for use.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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  • 48. 

    Ellis' rational emotive therapy and Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification approaches to counseling are similar in that both hold that

    • A. a client's cognitions are "hypotheses to be tested," not absolute facts or truths

    • B. clients should perform "personal experiments" to determine if cognitions and beliefs are consistent with objective reality

    • C. "restructuring of cognitions" is an important aspect of all of the above

    • D. all of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. D. all of the above
    Explanation
    Helping Relationships

    Pg. 351-353 of "Counseling Psychology, 2nd Edition," by Gelso and Fretz

    Pg. 333, 350, 351 of "Counseling Psychology, 2nd Edition," by Gelso and Fretz

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  • 49. 

    Counselors following particular theoretical career development orientations typically refer to them by the names of the persons primarily responsible for their development. For example, counselors following Roe's theory of career development know that it is characterized by

    • A. an emphasis on early childhood experiences.

    • B. consideration of individual needs and wishes.

    • C. clarification of individual skills and abilities.

    • D. all of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. D. all of the above.
    Explanation
    Career and Lifestyle Development

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