Psychiatric Nursing Exam Quiz! Trivia

Generally, the client seeks voluntary admission. A voluntary admission permits a client to make a written application for admission. If the client seeks voluntary admission, the most likely expectation is that the client will participate in the treatment program. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not characteristics of this type of admission.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of admission. Note the strategic words voluntary admission. This should direct you to option 4. Additionally, note that options 1, 2, and 3 are comparative or alike. Review the various types of hospital admission processes if you had difficulty with this question.

Most suicides occur within 3 months after the beginning of the improvement, when the client has the energy to carry out the suicidal intentions. Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect because they fail to address safety and involve giving false information. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and knowledge regarding the facts about suicide to answer the question. Recalling that a critical time for a suicidal client is when the client has energy will direct you to option 4. Review the concepts related
to suicide and therapeutic communication techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

Ego defense mechanisms are operations outside of a person's awareness that the ego calls into play to protect against anxiety. Displacement is the discharging of pent-up feelings on persons less threatening than those who initially aroused the emotion. Denial is the blocking out of painful or anxiety-inducing events or feelings. Repression is unconsciously keeping unacceptable feelings out of awareness. Suppression is consciously keeping unacceptable feelings and thoughts out of awareness. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Read the behavior identified in the question to assist you in determining the type of ego defense mechanism or behavior used. Remember that displacement is the discharging of pent-up feelings on persons less threatening than those who initially aroused the emotion. If you had difficulty with this question, review defense mechanisms

The first step in the 12-step program is to admit that a problem exists. Options 3 and 4 are unrealistic as a first step in the process to recovery. Although option 2 may be a strategy, it is not the first step.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic words first step in the question. This will assist in directing you to option 1. If you are unfamiliar with the 12-step program, review this content.

A nurse is required to maintain confidentiality regarding the client and the client's care. Confidentiality is basic to the therapeutic relationship and is a client's right. The most appropriate response to the neighbor is option 1. Option 2 is a rather blunt statement and does not acknowledge the issue that the nurse cannot reveal if the named person is or was a client. Options 3 and 4 identify statements that do not maintain client confidentiality.
Option 1 is the most direct and correct.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject of the question, maintaining confidentiality. This should assist you easily in eliminating options 3 and 4. From the remaining options, select option 1 over option 2 because it is the most direct and correct. Option 2 is a rather blunt and rude statement. Review confidentiality issues if you had difficulty with this question.

Recognizing situations that produce anxiety allows the client to prepare to cope with anxiety or avoid a specific stimulus. Counselors will not be available for all anxiety-producing
situations, and this option does not encourage the development of internal strengths. Ignoring feelings will not resolve anxiety. Elimination of all anxiety from life is impossible.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate option 4 first because of the word all. Eliminate option 1 next, because feelings should not be ignored. From the remaining options, select option 2 because this option is more client-centered and helps prepare the client to deal with anxiety should it occur. Review home care planning for the client with chronic anxiety if you had
difficulty with this question.

Manic clients may be talkative and can dominate group meetings or therapy sessions by their excessive talking. If this occurs, the nurse initially would set limits on the client's behavior. Initially, asking the client to leave the session or asking another person to escort the client out of the session is inappropriate. This may agitate the client and further escalate the client's behavior. Option 2 is also an inappropriate initial action because it violates the client's right to receive treatment and is a threatening action. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic word initially. Eliminate options 1 and 2 first because they are comparative or alike. Next, eliminate option 3 because it
violates the client's right to receive treatment and is a threatening action. Remember that setting firm limits with the client initially is best. Review care of a client with mania if you had difficulty with this question.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help the client identify and examine dysfunctional thoughts and to identify and examine values and beliefs that maintain these thoughts. Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic words cognitive behavioral. Focusing on these words should direct you to option 4. If you are unfamiliar with this type of therapy and its purpose, review this content.

Involuntary admission is made without the client's consent. Involuntary admission is necessary when a person is a danger to self or others or is in need of psychiatric treatment. Options 2, 3, and 4 describe the process of voluntary admission. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic words involuntary status. This should direct you easily to option 1. Also, note that options 2, 3, and 4 are comparative or alike. Review the process of involuntary admission if you had difficulty with this question.

Option 3 uses the therapeutic communication technique of restatement. Although restatement is a technique that has a prompting component to it, it repeats the client's major theme,
which assists the nurse to obtain a more specific perception of the problem from the client. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not therapeutic responses.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Option 1 is a general lead and allows the client to direct the discussion. Option 2 uses reflection, which simply repeats the client's last words to prompt further discussion. Option 4 focuses on the nurse's problem. Option 3 will provide the perception of the problem from the
client's perspective. Review therapeutic communication techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

f a client is monopolizing the group, the nurse must be direct and decisive. The best action is to thank the client and suggest that the client stop talking and try listening to others. Although
option 3 may be a direct response, option 4 is a more specific and direct statement. Options 1 and 2 are inappropriate.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate options 1 and 2 first because they are comparative or alike. Use therapeutic communication techniques to assist in directing you to option 4. If you had difficulty with this question, review therapeutic communication techniques for the client with a manic disorder.

Denial is refusal to admit to a painful reality, which is treated as if it does not exist. In projection, a person unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable features and attributes them to other persons, objects, or situations. In regression, the client returns to an earlier, more comforting, although less mature, way of behaving. Rationalization is justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. The strategic words in the question that should direct you to the correct option are “There's nothing wrong with me. ” Select the option that recognizes the client's attempt to avoid looking at the reality of the situation. If you had difficulty with this question, review defense mechanisms.

The most helpful response is one that encourages the client to solve problems. Giving advice implies that the nurse knows what is best and also can foster dependency. The nurse should not agree with the client, nor should the nurse request that the client provide explanations.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use therapeutic communication techniques. Eliminate option 1 because of the word why, which should be avoided in communication. Eliminate option 4 because the nurse is agreeing with the client. Eliminate option 3 because this option places the client's feelings on hold. Option 2 is the only option that addresses the client's feelings. Review therapeutic communication techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

The clinical picture of dementia varies from the development of mild cognitive defects to severe, life-threatening alterations in neurological functioning. For the client to use confabulation or the fabrication of events or experiences to fill in memory gaps is not unusual. Often, lack of inhibitions on the part of the client may constitute the first indication of anything being “wrong” to the client's significant others (the client may undress in front of others or demonstrate slovenly table manners but was formerly well mannered). As the dementia progresses, the client will have episodes of wandering or sundowning.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the client's diagnosis. Noting the subject, a manifestation, will direct you to option 1. If you had difficulty with this question, review the manifestations associated with dementia.

A client with depression often suffers a depressed mood and is withdrawn. The person also experiences difficulty concentrating, loss of interest or pleasure, low energy, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness and poor self-esteem. The plan of care needs to provide successful experiences in a stimulating yet structured environment. Options 1, 2, and 3 are too “restrictive” and offer little or no structure and stimulation.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Recall that the depressed client requires a structured and stimulating program in a safe environment. Option 4 is the only option that will provide a safe and effective environment. Review care of the client with depression if you had difficulty with this question.

False imprisonment is an act with the intent to confine a person to a specific area. A nurse can be charged with false imprisonment if the nurse prohibits a client from leaving the
hospital if the client has been admitted voluntarily and if no agency or legal policies exist for detaining the client. However, if the client has been admitted involuntarily or had agreed to an evaluation before discharge, the nurse's actions are reasonable.
Test-Taking Strategy: Noting the strategic words admitted involuntarily will assist you in eliminating option 3 and direct you
to option 4. Options 1 and 2 are unrelated to the subject of the question and can be eliminated easily. Review the subjects related to false imprisonment and hospital admission if you had difficulty with this question.

The risk for impulsive and aggressive behavior may increase if a client is receiving command hallucinations to harm self or others. The nurse should ask the client whether he or she has intentions to hurt himself or herself or others. Talking about auditory hallucinations can interfere with subvocal muscular
activity associated with a hallucination. Options 1, 2, and 3 will aid in wellness but are not specific interventions for hallucinations, if they occur.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Options 1, 2, and 3 are interventions that a client can carry out to aid wellness. Option 4 is a specific agreement to seek help and evidences self-responsible commitment and control over one's own behavior. Review teaching points for a client with a history of hallucinations
if you had difficulty with this question.

Major depression, recurrent, with psychotic features, alerts the nurse that in addition to the criteria that designates the diagnosis of major depression, one also must deal with the client's psychosis. Psychosis is defined as a state in which a person's mental capacity to recognize reality and to communicate and relate to
others is impaired, thus interfering with the person's ability to deal with the demands of life. Disturbed thought processes generally indicate a state of increased anxiety in which hallucinations and delusions prevail. Although all the nursing diagnoses may be appropriate because the client is experiencing psychosis, option 4 is the correct option.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. All the nursing diagnoses listed may be appropriate for a client diagnosed with major depression. The strategic words leading to the correct option are psychotic features, in which the client often suffers with disturbed thought processes, such as hallucinations and delusions. Review appropriate nursing diagnoses for major depression and psychotic features if you had difficulty with this question.

Whenever the nurse carries out an assessment for a client who is dependent on drugs, it is best for the nurse to attempt to elicit information by being nonjudgmental and direct. Option 1 is incorrect because it is judgmental and off focus and reflects the nurse's bias. Option 3 is incorrect because it is judgmental, insensitive, and aggressive, which is nontherapeutic. Option 4 is incorrect because it indicates passivity on the nurse's part and uses rationalization to avoid the therapeutic nursing intervention. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and therapeutic communication techniques to answer the question. Also, focus on the subject, provide appropriate nursing care. Review assessment of a client who is a substance abuser if you had difficulty with this question.

The client taking clozapine (Clozaril) may experience agranulocytosis, which is monitored by reviewing the results of the white blood cell count. Treatment is interrupted if the white blood cell count drops below 3000/mm3. Agranulocytosis could be fatal if undetected and untreated. The other options are not related specifically to the use of this medication.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Recalling that this medication causes agranulocytosis will direct you to option 3. Review the adverse effects of this medication if you had
difficulty with this question

Cognitive therapy frequently is used for clients with depression. This type of therapy is based on exploring the client's subjective experience. Cognitive therapy includes examining the client's thoughts and feelings about situations and how these thoughts and feelings contribute to and perpetuate the client's difficulties and mood.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focusing on the word cognitive will assist you in selecting the correct option. Look for a similar word used in the question and repeated in one of the options. Note the relationship of the word cognitive in the question and thoughts in option 4. Review this form of therapy if you had difficulty with this question.

A nurse can be charged with false imprisonment if a client is made to believe wrongfully that he or she cannot leave the hospital. Most health care facilities have documents that the client is asked to sign relating to the client's responsibilities when the client leaves against medical advice. The client should be asked to sign this document before leaving. The nurse should request that the client wait to speak to the physician before leaving, but if the client refuses to do so, the nurse cannot hold the client against the client's will. Restraining the client and calling security to block exits constitutes false imprisonment. All clients have a right to health care and cannot be told otherwise.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Keeping the concept of false imprisonment in mind, eliminate options 2 and 3 because they are comparative or alike. Eliminate option 4, knowing that all clients have a right to health care. From the options presented, the best action is option 1. Review the points related to false imprisonment if you had difficulty with this question.

Solitary activities that require a short attention span with mild physical exertion are the most appropriate activities for a client who is exhibiting aggressive behavior. Writing (journaling), walks
with staff, and finger painting are activities that minimize stimuli
and provide a constructive release for tension. Competitive games should be avoided because they can stimulate aggression and increase psychomotor activity.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Options 1, 3, and 4 are comparative or alike in that they are activities that the client cannot do alone. Option 2 identifies a solitary activity.
Review care of the client with aggressive behavior if you had difficulty with this question.

Systematic desensitization is a form of therapy used when the client is introduced to short periods of exposure to the phobic
object while in a relaxed state. Gradually exposure is increased until the anxiety about or fear of the object or situation has ceased.
Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Focus on the strategic words introduced to short periods of exposure. This will direct you to the correct option. If you had difficulty with this question, review systematic desensitization.

Responding to the feelings expressed by a client is an effective therapeutic communication technique. The correct option is an example of the use of restating. Options 1, 2, and 3 block communication because they minimize the client's experience and do not facilitate exploration of the client's expressed feelings. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and therapeutic communication techniques to direct you to the option that directly addresses the client's feelings and concerns. Also, option 4 is the only option stated in the form of a question and is open-ended; thus, it will encourage the verbalization of feelings. Review therapeutic communication techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

The client taking clozapine (Clozaril) may experience agranulocytosis, which is monitored by reviewing the results of the white blood cell count. Treatment is interrupted if the white blood cell count drops below 3000/mm3. Agranulocytosis could be fatal if undetected and untreated. The other options are not related specifically to the use of this medication.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Recalling that this medication causes agranulocytosis will direct you to option 3. Review the adverse effects of this medication if you had
difficulty with this question

Denial is a refusal to admit to a painful reality and maybe a response by a victim of sexual abuse. Projection is transferring one's internal feelings, thoughts, and unacceptable ideas and traits to someone else. Rationalization is justifying the unacceptable attributes of oneself. Intellectualization is the excessive use of abstract thinking or generalizations to decrease painful thinking. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic words calm and quiet. These behaviors indicate denial in a sexually abused victim. If you had difficulty with this question, review content related to the sexually abused victim and defense mechanisms.

Disturbed body image is a concern with clients with anorexia nervosa. Although the client may struggle with
ambivalence and show regressed behavior, the client's coping pattern relates to the basic issue of disturbed body image. The nurse should address this need in the support group.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination, focusing on the information provided in the question, which is related directly to an altered body image. This should direct you to the correct option. Review the needs of the client with anorexia nervosa if you had difficulty with this question.

Clients who are withdrawn may be immobile and mute and may require consistent, repeated approaches. Communication with withdrawn clients requires much patience from the nurse. Interventions include the establishment of interpersonal contact. The nurse facilitates communication with the client by sitting in silence, asking open-ended questions, and pausing to provide opportunities for the client to respond.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate option 2 because the client would not be left alone. Option 4 relies on other clients to care for this client, which is an inappropriate expectation. Asking direct questions of this client is not therapeutic. Option 3 provides for client supervision and communication as appropriate. Review care of the client with catatonic stupor if this question was difficult.

The nurse should never promise to keep a secret. Secrets are appropriate in a social relationship but not in a therapeutic one.
The nurse needs to be honest with the client and tell the client that a promise cannot be made to keep the secret. Options 1, 3, and 4 are inappropriate responses.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Option 1 can be eliminated easily because it is inappropriate. Options 3 and 4 are not only inappropriate but are also somewhat threatening and may even block further communication. Review therapeutic communication techniques and the nurse-client relationship if you had difficulty with this question.

Generally, the client seeks voluntary admission. Voluntary clients have the right to demand and obtain release. If the client is a minor, the release may be contingent on the consent of the parent(s) or guardian. The nurse needs to be familiar with the state and facility policies and procedures. Many states require that the client submit a written release notice to the facility staff members, who reevaluate the client's condition for possible conversion to involuntary status, according to criteria established by laws. The best nursing action is to contact the physician. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Noting the type of hospital admission will assist in eliminating option 4. To “persuade” a client to stay in the hospital is inappropriate. Option 2 should be eliminated simply based on the subjects of client rights and confidentiality. Review the various types of hospital admission and discharge processes if you had difficulty with this question.

Tasks of the termination phase include evaluating client performance, evaluating achievement of expected outcomes, evaluating future needs, making appropriate referrals, and dealing with the common behaviors associated with termination. Options 1, 3, and 4 identify the tasks of the working phase of the relationship. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Noting the strategic words termination phase should direct you easily to option 2. If you are unfamiliar with the appropriate tasks of the phases of the nurse-client relationship, review this content.

Disturbed thought process related to paranoia is the client's problem, and the plan of care must address this problem. The client is experiencing paranoia and is distrustful and suspicious of others. The members of the health care team need to establish a rapport and trust with the client. Therefore, laughing or whispering in front of the client would be counterproductive. Options 1, 3, and 4 ask the client to trust on a multitude of levels. These options are actions that are too intrusive for a client who is paranoid. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and knowledge regarding this disorder to answer the question. Noting that the client has paranoia will direct you to option 2. Review this disorder if you had difficulty with this question.

In the termination stage, the group leader's task is to acknowledge the contributions of each member and the experience of the group as a whole. In this stage, the group members prepare for separation and assist each other to prepare for the future. Options 1 and 2 identify the tasks of the working stage. Option 4 identifies the orientation stage.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate options 1 and 2 first because they are comparative or alike. From the remaining options, note the relationship between the words termination stage in the question and option 3. Review the stages of group development if you had difficulty with this question.

Al-Anon support groups are a protected, supportive opportunity for spouses and significant others to learn what to expect and to obtain excellent pointers about successful behavioral changes. Option 1 is the most healthy response because it exemplifies an understanding that the alcoholic partner is responsible for his behavior and cannot be allowed to blame family members for loss of control. In option 2, the nonalcoholic partner should not feel responsible when the spouse loses control. Option 4 indicates that the wife remains codependent. Option 3 indicates that the group is viewed as an escape, not a place to work on issues. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Note the strategic words benefiting from attending an Al-Anon group. This will direct you to option 1. Review the purpose of this group if you had difficulty with this question.

Milieu therapy, or “therapeutic community,” has as its focus a living, learning, or working environment. Such therapy may be based on any number of therapeutic modalities from structured behavioral therapy to spontaneous, humanistically oriented approaches. Although milieu may include behavioral approaches, option 3 describes its primary focus.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Note that options 1, 2, and 4 are comparative or alike and that option 3 identifies a comprehensive description. Review milieu therapy if you had difficulty with this question.

Agoraphobia is a fear of open spaces and the fear of being trapped in a situation from which there may not be an escape. Agoraphobia includes the possibility of experiencing a sense of helplessness or embarrassment if an attack occurs. Avoidance of such situations usually results in reduction of social and professional interactions. Social phobia focuses more on specific situations, such as the fear of speaking, performing, or eating in public. Claustrophobia is a fear of closed places. Clients with hypochondriacal symptoms focus their anxiety on physical complaints and are preoccupied with their health.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Focusing on the strategic words remains homebound will direct you to option 1. If you had difficulty with this question, review phobia types and associated client behaviors.

Restating is the therapeutic communication technique in which the nurse repeats what the client says to show understanding and to review what was said. Option 3 uses the therapeutic technique of restating. In option 1, the nurse is attempting to assess the client's ability to discuss feelings openly with family members.
In option 2, the nurse attempts to use focusing, but the attempt to discuss central issues is premature. In option 4, the nurse makes a judgment and is nontherapeutic in the one-to-one relationship. Test-Taking Strategy: Use therapeutic communication techniques to answer the question. Option 3 is the only option that identifies the use of a therapeutic technique and focuses on the client's feelings. Review these techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

The sponsor of a self-help group is an experienced member of the group. A nurse or psychiatrist may be asked by the group to serve as a resource but would not be the leader of the group. Options 2, 3, and 4 are characteristics of a self-help group. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the subject, self-help group. Note the strategic words needs
additional information in the question. Note that options 2, 3, and 4 are comparative or alike. This should direct you easily to option 1, the correct option. Review the characteristics of a self-help group if you had difficulty with this question.

All clients, regardless of age, need to be encouraged to perform at the highest level of independence possible. Independence contributes to the client's sense of control and sense of well-being. Option 3 is incorrect because what the self-care deficit entails is not known. To assume that the client requires long-term care based on so little information would be erroneous. Options 2 and 4 are close-ended statements.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate options 2 and 4 first because of the close-ended word all. From the remaining options, select option 1 because it is the umbrella option. Review care of the client with dementia if you had difficulty with
this question.

In the termination phase of a relationship, it is normal for a client to demonstrate a number of regressive behaviors that can be disturbing to the nurse. Typical behaviors include return of symptoms, anger, withdrawal, and minimizing the relationship. The anger that the client is experiencing is a normal behavior during the termination phase and does not necessarily indicate the need for hospitalization or treatment.
Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic words termination phase. This alone may assist in directing you to option 4. Additionally,
note that options 1, 2, and 3 are comparable. These options address the need for further supervised treatment. If you are unfamiliar with the client behaviors associated with the termination phase, review this content.

Clients with anorexia nervosa frequently are preoccupied with rigorous exercise and push themselves beyond normal limits to work off caloric intake. The nurse must provide for appropriate exercise and place limits on rigorous activities. Options 1, 3, and 4 are inappropriate nursing actions.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the client's diagnosis. Also, focus on the need for the nurse to set firm limits with clients who have this disorder. If you had difficulty with this question, review interventions for the client with anorexia nervosa.

All treatment team members are viewed as significant and valuable to the client's successful treatment outcomes in milieu therapy. Behavior modification is based on rewards and punishment. Rational emotive therapy deals with the correction of distorted
thinking. Interpersonal therapy on the other hand is based on a one-to-one or group therapy approach in which the therapist-client relationship is often used as a way for the client to examine other relationships in his or her life.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject. Note the relationship between the words helping clients to meet their treatment goals and option 1. Review the types of therapy noted in the options if you had difficulty with this question.

Benztropine (Cogentin) is an anticholinergic medication used to treat drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, except tardive dyskinesia. Options 1, 3, and 4 are antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotic medications can cause extrapyramidal reactions Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the medications in the options. Recalling the classifications of each will direct you to option 2. Remember that benztropine (Cogentin) is an anticholinergic medication. Review the side effects and extrapyramidal reactions of antipsychotic medications if you had difficulty with this question.

Option 4 helps the client focus on the emotion underlying the delusion but does not argue with it. Option 1 places the client in a position that requires a response. Option 2 avoids the client. Option 3 is an attempt to convince the client to believe another thought. This response may cause the client to hold the delusion more strongly. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and therapeutic communication techniques to answer the question. Option 4 is the only option that recognizes the client's needs and focuses on the client's feelings. Review therapeutic communication techniques if you had difficulty with this question.

A conversion disorder is the alteration or loss of a physical function that cannot be explained by any known pathophysiological mechanism. A conversion disorder is thought to be an expression of a psychological need or conflict. In this situation, the client witnessed an accident that was so psychologically painful that the client became blind. A dissociative disorder is a disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, or consciousness. Psychosis is a state in which a person's mental capacity to recognize reality, communicate, and relate to others is impaired, thus interfering with the person's ability to deal with life's demands. Repression is a coping mechanism in which unacceptable feelings are kept out of awareness.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. The key to the correct option lies in the fact that the client presents no organic reason to account for the blindness—hence, a conversion disorder. If you had difficulty with this question, review defense mechanisms and the concepts associated with a conversion disorder.

Safety of the client and other clients is the priority. Option 1 is the only option that addresses the client and other
clients' safety needs. Option 2 addresses other clients' needs. Option 3 is not client-centered. Option 4 addresses the client's needs. Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic words immediate priority and use Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to prioritize. Note the words agitated, aggressive, and belligerent. Safety is the strategic subject. Option 1 is the umbrella option and addresses the safety of all. Review nursing interventions to provide safety to clients if you had difficulty with this question.

For the nurse to empathize with the client's experience is most therapeutic. Disagreeing with delusions may make the client more defensive, and the client may cling to the delusions even
more. Encouraging discussion regarding the delusion is
inappropriate.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use therapeutic communication techniques. Eliminate options 1 and 2 because they are comparative or alike and are statements that disagree with the client. Option 3 encourages discussion regarding the delusion. Review communication techniques with the client experiencing delusions if you had
difficulty with this question.

Some of the symptoms associated with withdrawal delirium typically are anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, hypertension, disorientation, hallucinations, changes in level of consciousness, agitation, fever, and delusions.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Review each option carefully to ensure that all the symptoms in the option are correct. Eliminate options 1 and 3 first, knowing that hypertension rather than hypotension occurs. From the remaining options, recalling that the client who is stuporous is not likely to exhibit withdrawal delirium will direct you to option 4. Review these symptoms if you had difficulty with this question.

Mania is a mood characterized by excitement, euphoria, hyperactivity, excessive energy, decreased need for sleep, and impaired ability to concentrate or complete a single train of thought. Mania is a period when the mood is predominantly elevated, expansive, or irritable. All options reflect a client's possible symptomatology. Option 2, however, clearly presents a problem
that compromises physiological integrity and needs to be addressed immediately.
Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic word immediate and use Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory to assist you in answering the question. Option 2 is the only option that reflects a physiological need. Review care of the client with mania if you had difficulty
with this question.