Pretest For AP Psychology 2016-2017

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1. This type of therapy is useful for realizing a person is not alone in their mental illness. 

Explanation

Group therapy is a type of therapy where individuals with similar mental health issues come together to share their experiences and support each other. This form of therapy is useful for realizing that one is not alone in their mental illness because it provides a safe and non-judgmental space where individuals can connect with others who are going through similar struggles. By hearing others' stories and sharing their own, participants can gain a sense of belonging and validation, which can be comforting and reassuring. This can help individuals feel less isolated and more understood, ultimately contributing to their overall healing and well-being.

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About This Quiz
AP Psychology Quizzes & Trivia

Disclaimer: You have not taken anything psychology related before (maybe sociology but, that's like a cousin of psychology) do not be upset if you don't know any of... see morethe answers or if you "fail." Be honest if you don't know an answer choose the answer, "No Clue! I haven't taken psych before, Larsh!" This isn't like math where you have had it since you were in kindergarten! No one knows more than you do! You haven't taken psychology before, you've only lived it! Don't be alarmed by this "test." You will receive 20 Points for taking it :) see less

2. The retina is:

Explanation

The retina is the correct answer because it is the part of the eye that receives and processes visual information. It contains specialized cells called photoreceptors that detect light and transmit signals to the brain, allowing us to see. The other options mentioned - sound/audition, taste/gustation, and kinesthesis - are associated with different sensory organs and functions, not related to sight.

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3. Psychology is:

Explanation

Psychology is the study of mental processes and behavior. This field of study focuses on understanding how the mind works and how it influences human behavior. By studying mental processes such as perception, cognition, and emotions, psychologists aim to gain insights into human behavior and provide explanations for why people think, feel, and act the way they do. This broad definition of psychology encompasses both the study of mental processes and the study of behavior, making it a comprehensive discipline that explores various aspects of the human mind and its impact on behavior.

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4. These are false sensory input like seeing something that isn't there

Explanation

Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of any external stimuli. They can involve any of the senses, such as seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling something that does not actually exist. Hallucinations are commonly associated with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, but can also occur in other medical conditions or as a result of substance abuse. They are distinct from delusions, which are false beliefs, and neurosis, which refers to a group of psychological disorders characterized by anxiety and distress. Negative symptoms refer to a reduction or absence of normal functioning, such as lack of motivation or emotional expression.

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5. This is a distinguishing quality or characteristic of someone

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Trait". A trait refers to a distinguishing quality or characteristic of someone. It can be a physical attribute, such as eye color or height, or a personality trait, such as extroversion or conscientiousness. Traits are often used to describe and differentiate individuals from one another.

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6. This is where a person must have a drug to function physically and/or mentally and they will do anything for the drug.

Explanation

Addiction refers to a condition where a person becomes physically and/or mentally dependent on a drug and will go to any extent to obtain it. This includes experiencing withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not available and developing tolerance to its effects over time. Addiction is a complex disorder that affects the brain and behavior, leading to compulsive drug-seeking and use despite harmful consequences.

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7. This is building up an immunity to a drug, requiring more of it for the same effects. 

Explanation

Tolerance refers to the phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to the effects of a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects. This can occur due to various factors, including the body's ability to adapt to the presence of the drug and the development of metabolic processes that break down the drug more efficiently. Tolerance can lead to increased drug use and can be a significant factor in the development of dependence and addiction.

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8. A psychologist from the biological perspective would be most interested in which of the following: 

Explanation

A psychologist from the biological perspective focuses on understanding human behavior and mental processes by studying the brain and its chemical makeup. This perspective emphasizes the role of genetics, hormones, neurotransmitters, and other biological factors in influencing behavior and mental processes. By studying the brain and its chemical composition, psychologists can gain insights into how these biological factors contribute to psychological phenomena such as emotions, cognition, and behavior.

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9. I stop breathing when I'm sleeping, which sleep disorder do I most likely have?

Explanation

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep. This can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood and disrupt the normal sleep pattern. People with sleep apnea often snore loudly and may experience daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and morning headaches. Therefore, if someone stops breathing while sleeping, sleep apnea is the most likely sleep disorder they have.

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10. This type of culture promotes the pursuing of personal goals, focusing on each person

Explanation

Individualism is a cultural value that emphasizes the importance of individual goals and achievements. In this type of culture, individuals are encouraged to pursue their own personal goals and focus on their own needs and desires. It values independence, self-reliance, and personal freedom. This is in contrast to collectivism, which emphasizes the importance of group goals and the well-being of the community over individual needs.

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11. This is the idea that we are less likely to help someone in need if there are other people present.  For example, someone falls over in the hall and drops their stuff.  You are more likely to do nothing if it's passing time. 

Explanation

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help someone in need when there are other people present. This can be seen in the example given, where someone falls over in the hall and drops their belongings, but people are more likely to do nothing if it's passing time. The presence of others creates a diffusion of responsibility, as individuals assume that someone else will intervene, leading to a decreased likelihood of helping.

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12. Dopamine is an example of a ______ which communicates between neurons in the body. 

Explanation

Dopamine is classified as a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons in the body. Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication and coordination of various physiological processes and behaviors. They are released from the presynaptic neuron, travel across the synapse, and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, thereby transmitting the signal. Dopamine, specifically, is involved in several functions such as movement, reward, motivation, and pleasure.

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13. The theory that there are three color cones in our eyes that combine to form every color we see is which theory of sight?

Explanation

The correct answer is Tri Chromatic Theory. This theory suggests that there are three types of color receptors or cones in our eyes - red, green, and blue - and that these cones combine to form every color that we see.

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14. This is making a test the same for all takers as possible: same questions, same scoring, etc to compare consistent results. 

Explanation

Standardization refers to the process of making a test consistent for all takers by using the same questions, scoring methods, and other test administration procedures. This ensures that all individuals are evaluated under the same conditions, allowing for fair and accurate comparisons of test scores. Standardization helps to minimize any potential biases or confounding factors that could influence test results, and it enables the comparison of scores across different individuals or groups. Therefore, standardization is the most appropriate answer in this context.

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15. The idea that we will help people when we do a cost benefit analysis a sort of "What's in it for me?" 

Explanation

The correct answer is Social Exchange Theory. Social Exchange Theory suggests that people help others when they believe that the benefits outweigh the costs. It is based on the idea that individuals engage in a sort of "What's in it for me?" analysis before deciding whether or not to help someone. This theory emphasizes the importance of self-interest and rational decision-making in determining helping behavior.

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16. This refers to a person having an IQ lower than 70 and their functioning, adapting, reasoning etc being impaired in practical and social skills. 

Explanation

This refers to a condition where a person has an IQ lower than 70 and their practical and social skills are impaired. It is commonly known as Intellectual Disability.

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17. These are false beliefs held by those with mental illness and those without.  For example if I think everyone is out to get me.

Explanation

Delusions are false beliefs that are held despite evidence to the contrary. In this scenario, the person mentioned that they think everyone is out to get them, which is an example of a delusion. Delusions can occur in individuals with mental illness, such as schizophrenia, as well as in individuals without any diagnosed mental health condition. Delusions are a symptom often associated with psychosis, which is a mental state characterized by a loss of touch with reality.

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18. When mom leaves the room, a baby in their early months will cry, not because they are sad, but because they think their mother does not exist anymore.  They lack

Explanation

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. In the given scenario, the baby cries when the mother leaves the room because they do not yet have the cognitive ability to understand that the mother still exists even though they cannot see her. This lack of object permanence leads the baby to believe that the mother has disappeared, causing distress and crying.

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19. This is meant to decrease behavior:

Explanation

Punishment is a form of consequence that is used to decrease or suppress a behavior. It involves the application of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus in response to the behavior. By associating the behavior with negative consequences, punishment aims to discourage the individual from engaging in that behavior in the future. It is commonly used in behavior modification to reduce undesirable behaviors and promote more desirable ones.

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20. This is a good kind of stress that releases adrenaline and pushes us to do something. 

Explanation

Eustress refers to a positive form of stress that motivates and energizes individuals to take action. Unlike distress, which is a negative form of stress that can be harmful to one's well-being, eustress is beneficial and can enhance performance and productivity. It releases adrenaline and pushes individuals to accomplish tasks and achieve goals. Coping mechanisms are strategies used to manage stress, while repression refers to the unconscious blocking of unwanted thoughts or memories.

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21. This is using psychological means to treat, such as conditioning, rather than medical means.

Explanation

Psychotherapy is the correct answer because it refers to the use of psychological means, such as conditioning, to treat mental health issues. It involves talking and working with a trained therapist to address and resolve psychological problems. This approach focuses on understanding the individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and aims to improve their mental well-being through various therapeutic techniques. Unlike the biomedical model, which relies on medical interventions, psychotherapy emphasizes the importance of psychological factors in mental health and utilizes non-medical treatments. The biopsychosocial model considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding and treating mental health conditions. Anti-rumination is not directly related to the given explanation.

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22. Perception is:

Explanation

Perception refers to the process of interpreting and making sense of the information we receive from the world around us. It involves using our senses, such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell, to gather information and then interpreting that information based on our past experiences, beliefs, and expectations. Perception helps us understand and navigate the world, as it allows us to assign meaning and significance to the stimuli we encounter. It is through perception that we form our understanding of reality and make sense of our experiences.

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23. Being objective, assessing sources, discerning hidden values, and evaluating evidence are just some components of: 

Explanation

Critical thinking is the correct answer because it involves being objective, assessing sources, discerning hidden values, and evaluating evidence. It is a cognitive process that allows individuals to analyze and evaluate information in a logical and systematic manner. By utilizing critical thinking skills, individuals are able to make informed decisions, solve problems, and develop well-reasoned arguments.

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24. Timothy suddenly falls asleep into REM while he is swimming.  Timothy probably suffers from which sleep disorder?

Explanation

Timothy falling asleep suddenly into REM while swimming suggests that he experiences episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable sleep attacks, which are characteristic symptoms of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles, causing sudden and uncontrollable sleep attacks at inappropriate times.

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25. Birds do this when they are born, they attach to the first living thing they see.  Humans don't do this, but we tend to stick to what we know.  This attachment in animals is known as:

Explanation

Imprinting is the correct answer because it refers to the behavior in which animals, particularly birds, form an attachment to the first living thing they see after being born. This attachment is crucial for their survival and influences their behavior and social interactions later in life. While humans do not exhibit this specific behavior, the statement suggests that humans tend to stick to what they know, implying a similarity in the concept of attachment.

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26. This theory says we are pulled by the thought of reward, and thus motivated.

Explanation

The Incentive Theory suggests that our behavior is motivated by the anticipation of rewards. According to this theory, we are pulled towards certain actions or behaviors because we expect to receive some form of positive reinforcement or reward. This theory emphasizes the importance of external factors, such as incentives or rewards, in driving our behavior. It suggests that our motivation is influenced by the perceived value or desirability of the rewards we expect to gain from our actions.

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27. Homeostasis is:

Explanation

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain internal stability and balance. It is a natural process that helps regulate various bodily functions to ensure optimal conditions for survival. For example, when we are thirsty, our body signals us to drink water in order to restore the balance of fluids in the body. This answer accurately describes homeostasis as a natural way our body achieves balance by giving the example of thirst and drinking water.

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28. This type of memory is the first step of memory - it's sorting out all the stimuli around us - usually via our sight, sound, taste, etc. 

Explanation

Sensory memory is the type of memory that is responsible for sorting out all the stimuli around us. It is the first step in the memory process and involves the initial processing of information through our senses, such as sight, sound, taste, etc. Sensory memory holds this information for a very brief period of time before either transferring it to short-term memory or forgetting it.

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29. The social clock is:

Explanation

The social clock refers to the societal expectations and norms regarding the timing of major life events such as getting married, having children, and finding a job. It reflects the idea that there is a "right" or socially acceptable time for individuals to reach these milestones. This concept suggests that people may feel pressure to conform to these societal expectations and may experience feelings of anxiety or inadequacy if they deviate from the expected timeline.

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30. Social Anxiety Disorder is defined as:

Explanation

The correct answer is "Fearing social interaction due to the fear of rejection and humiliation." This definition accurately describes social anxiety disorder, which is characterized by an intense fear of social situations and a fear of being judged or embarrassed by others. People with social anxiety disorder often avoid social interactions or endure them with extreme distress. This fear is rooted in the belief that they will be rejected or humiliated in social settings, leading to significant impairment in their daily functioning and quality of life.

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31. This is the biological motivation to survive

Explanation

The instinct theory suggests that biological factors and innate behaviors drive human motivation. It proposes that humans are born with certain instincts that motivate them to survive and engage in specific behaviors. This explanation aligns with the given statement about the biological motivation to survive, as the instinct theory focuses on innate biological factors driving behavior.

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32. If you are bit by a German Shepard and you fear all dogs, according to behaviorists you are ____ your conditioned response. 

Explanation

When someone is bitten by a German Shepard and develops a fear of all dogs, they are generalizing their conditioned response. Generalization occurs when a response that was originally conditioned to a specific stimulus is also elicited by similar stimuli. In this case, the person's fear response to the German Shepard has generalized to all dogs, indicating a generalization of their conditioned response.

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33. You need both eyes to pick up some things like distance, depth, form, etc. These are known as:

Explanation

Binocular cues refer to visual cues that require the use of both eyes to perceive depth, distance, form, and other visual information accurately. These cues include binocular disparity, which is the slight difference in the images seen by each eye, and binocular convergence, which is the degree to which the eyes turn inward to focus on a nearby object. These cues work together to provide a three-dimensional perception of the world around us.

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34. This is the group we are part of.  The "Us" in the "Us and them" mentality.  

Explanation

The term "ingroup" refers to the social group that an individual identifies with and feels a sense of belonging to. It represents the group that "we" are a part of, as opposed to the "outgroup" which consists of individuals outside of our group. This concept is often associated with the "us and them" mentality, where there is a distinction between members of our group and those who are not.

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35. The idea studied by Solomon Asch that we try to fit in to a group for many reasons is known as:

Explanation

Conformity refers to the tendency of individuals to adjust their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to align with those of a particular group. Solomon Asch's studies on conformity demonstrated that people often conform to social norms and group pressure, even if it means going against their own judgment or beliefs. This concept highlights the influence of social factors on individual behavior and the desire to fit in with a group.

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36. Divergent thinking is:

Explanation

Divergent thinking refers to the ability to generate multiple ideas, perspectives, or solutions to a problem. It involves thinking outside the box and considering various possibilities rather than being limited to one outcome. This type of thinking encourages creativity, innovation, and flexibility in problem-solving. It is the opposite of convergent thinking, which focuses on finding the single correct answer. Divergent thinking is valued in fields such as art, design, and entrepreneurship, as it allows for exploration and discovery of new and unique solutions.

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37. Repression is:

Explanation

Repression refers to the act of suppressing a thought or memory into the unconscious mind, as if it never occurred. This defense mechanism is often used to cope with traumatic or distressing experiences. By pushing these thoughts or memories out of conscious awareness, individuals may avoid the associated emotional pain or discomfort. However, the repressed thoughts may still influence behavior and emotions indirectly.

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38. Egocentrism is:

Explanation

Egocentrism refers to the inability to understand or consider that others may have different perspectives or points of view. It is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to only see things from their own perspective and struggle to empathize or understand the experiences and thoughts of others. This can lead to difficulties in communication, collaboration, and social interactions.

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39. This disorder is characterized by having panic attacks or being incapacitated by the fear of having another panic attack. 

Explanation

Panic disorder is a mental health condition where individuals experience recurring panic attacks or live in constant fear of having another panic attack. Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that are accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, and dizziness. This disorder can significantly impact a person's daily life and functioning, as they may avoid certain situations or places for fear of triggering a panic attack.

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40. Paradoxical sleep where our bodies are paralyzed, but our minds are the most active they have been all day, and we dream is known as:

Explanation

REM stands for rapid eye movement. During REM sleep, our bodies are paralyzed, but our minds are highly active. This is the stage of sleep where we experience vivid dreaming. It is called paradoxical sleep because our brain activity is similar to when we are awake, but our muscles are relaxed and immobile. REM sleep is important for memory consolidation, learning, and emotional processing.

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41. The idea that it is our environment or our biology that make up who we are and what we do is indicative of which argument in psychology? 

Explanation

The argument in psychology that is indicated by the idea that our environment or biology shape who we are and what we do is the Nature VS Nurture argument. This argument explores the extent to which our genetics (nature) and our upbringing and experiences (nurture) influence our behavior and development. It debates whether our traits and characteristics are primarily determined by our biology or by our environment.

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42. This memory technique is used to spread information out over a period of time.  If you spend 100 minutes studying for a test you will not remember more than if you spent 10 days, 10 minutes a day studying. 

Explanation

The spacing effect refers to the phenomenon where spreading out learning or studying sessions over time improves long-term retention and recall of information. This means that studying for shorter periods of time over a longer period is more effective than cramming all the studying into one session. In this case, the explanation is that spending 10 minutes a day for 10 days will result in better memory retention than spending 100 minutes in one session.

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43. Foot-in-the-door phenomenon is:

Explanation

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the concept that if we start by making a small request, people are more likely to comply, and then we can gradually increase the size of our requests. This technique takes advantage of the human tendency to maintain consistency in their actions and behaviors. By initially gaining agreement on a small scale, it becomes easier to persuade individuals to agree to larger requests later on.

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44. This disorder is characterized by disorganized thinking, irregular movement, hallucinations, delusions and more. Where mood disorders are the common cold of mental health disorders, this is the cancer of mental health. 

Explanation

Schizophrenia is the correct answer because it is a mental disorder that is characterized by symptoms such as disorganized thinking, irregular movement, hallucinations, and delusions. It is often considered the "cancer" of mental health disorders because it is a chronic and severe condition that can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and quality of life. Mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder, are more common and less severe compared to schizophrenia. Munchausen's and post-traumatic stress disorder are different mental health disorders that do not match the given description.

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45. Grouping information together is a memory technique known as:

Explanation

Chunking is a memory technique that involves grouping information together into smaller, more manageable units. This helps to improve memory and recall by organizing information into meaningful chunks. By breaking down larger pieces of information into smaller, related groups, it becomes easier to remember and process. This technique is commonly used when trying to remember long lists, numbers, or complex concepts.

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46. The Bears lose to the Packers.  I say that I knew that would happen.  This, "I knew it all along" phenomenon is also known as:

Explanation

Hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to perceive events as more predictable than they actually were, after they have occurred. In this scenario, the person claims that they knew the Bears would lose to the Packers, indicating that they are experiencing hindsight bias by believing they knew the outcome all along.

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47. This is the phenomenon that we tend to think we are being watched more than we really are. 

Explanation

The spotlight effect refers to the tendency of individuals to believe that they are being observed or scrutinized by others more than they actually are. This cognitive bias leads people to overestimate the extent to which others notice and pay attention to their appearance, behavior, and performance. It can result in self-consciousness and social anxiety as individuals feel under constant scrutiny.

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48. Mirror Image Perception is:

Explanation

Mirror Image Perception refers to the idea that we tend to perceive others in a similar way to how we perceive ourselves. This means that if we have negative self-perceptions or believe that others dislike us, we are more likely to dislike them in return. It highlights the role of self-perception and projection in our social interactions, suggesting that our own beliefs and insecurities can influence how we perceive and interact with others.

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49. The cochlea is:

Explanation

The cochlea is a part of the inner ear, responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. It plays a crucial role in the process of hearing and is therefore considered the organ of sound or audition.

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50. This technique for treatment developed by Carl Rogers emphasizes that a therapist should echo what the client tells them, acknowledges the client's feelings, and accepts the client. 

Explanation

Active listening is a technique for treatment developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes the therapist's role in echoing what the client tells them, acknowledging the client's feelings, and accepting the client. This technique involves fully focusing on the client's words, nonverbal cues, and emotions, without interrupting or judging. By actively listening, the therapist creates a safe and supportive environment for the client to express themselves, facilitating their self-discovery and growth.

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51. This theory says we are motivated by levels of need. Once we are biologically met, we graduate to more social and psychological needs

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer, Hierarchy of Needs, is that this theory suggests that individuals are motivated by different levels of need. According to this theory, once our basic biological needs are met, such as food, water, and shelter, we strive to fulfill higher-level needs, such as social and psychological needs. This theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow and is often depicted as a pyramid, with the most basic needs at the bottom and the highest needs at the top.

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52. I am studying the influence of a drug on sleep patterns.  The drug is a(n):

Explanation

The drug in this study is referred to as the independent variable because it is being manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on sleep patterns. The independent variable is the factor that the researcher changes or controls in an experiment to see how it influences the dependent variable, which is the variable being measured or observed. In this case, the researcher is studying the influence of the drug on sleep patterns, making the drug the independent variable.

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53. This is a disorder in which a person has multiple personality disorder...at least two or more distinct states present themselves within one person. 

Explanation

Dissociative Identity Disorder, also known as multiple personality disorder, is a condition in which an individual experiences the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states within themselves. These different identities may have their own unique characteristics, memories, and behaviors. This disorder is characterized by disruptions in memory, consciousness, and perception.

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54. This is using medicine to treat psychological disorders rather than talk therapies. 

Explanation

The biomedical model refers to the approach of using medicine or pharmacological interventions to treat psychological disorders instead of talk therapies. This model emphasizes the biological factors and abnormalities that contribute to mental illnesses and focuses on addressing these through medication. Unlike psychotherapy, which involves talking and exploring psychological issues, the biomedical model primarily relies on medications to alleviate symptoms and improve mental health. The use of medicine in the treatment of psychological disorders is a key characteristic of the biomedical model.

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55. Depressants are drugs that:

Explanation

Depressants are drugs that slow down the nervous system. They work by depressing or reducing the activity of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. This can result in a decrease in brain activity, relaxation of muscles, and a calming effect. Depressants are commonly used as sedatives, tranquilizers, and hypnotics to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. They can also have side effects such as drowsiness, impaired coordination, and slowed reflexes.

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56. This is meant to increase behavior:

Explanation

Reinforcement refers to the use of rewards or positive consequences to increase a desired behavior. It involves providing something pleasant or desirable to the individual as a result of their behavior, which in turn strengthens and encourages the behavior to occur more frequently in the future. This can be seen as a form of motivation, as individuals are more likely to repeat behaviors that are followed by positive outcomes.

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57. This is situational predicament in which individuals are at risk of confirming negative preconceptions about their group. It is the resulting sense that one might be judged in terms of negative preconceptions about one's group instead of on personal merit.

Explanation

Stereotype threat refers to a situation where individuals are in danger of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group. It is the feeling that one might be evaluated based on these negative stereotypes rather than on their personal abilities or qualities. This can lead to increased anxiety and reduced performance in tasks that are relevant to the stereotype.

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58. This test measures your potential, like an ACT measure how well you will potentially do in college. 

Explanation

An aptitude test is a type of test that measures a person's potential or natural ability in a specific area. It is designed to assess a person's aptitude or suitability for a particular task, skill, or career. This explanation aligns with the given statement that the test measures potential, similar to how an ACT test measures potential for success in college.

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59. This neurotransmitter deals with pain. Too much leads to a high like a runner's high, too little will lead to pain. 

Explanation

Endorphins are neurotransmitters that are involved in pain regulation. When released, they can produce a feeling of euphoria or a "high" similar to what runners experience. Having too many endorphins can lead to this high feeling, while having too few can result in increased pain sensitivity. Therefore, endorphins are the correct answer to the question.

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60. In therapy, this is the idea that a person will go back to an average of their behavior. 

Explanation

Regression toward the mean refers to the statistical phenomenon where extreme or unusual values tend to move closer to the average over time. In therapy, this concept suggests that individuals with extreme behaviors or symptoms will naturally show improvement and move towards a more typical or average level of functioning. This can occur even without any specific intervention or treatment. It is important for therapists to be aware of this phenomenon to avoid attributing improvement solely to their therapeutic techniques, when in fact it may be due to regression toward the mean.

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61. This type of therapy works up to exposing someone to their fears starting with smaller things then working up to the actual fear.  Like if I have a phobia of spiders, I get a picture of spiders first, working my way up to holding a tarantula... *wouldn't happen. -_-

Explanation

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy that aims to reduce or eliminate an individual's fear or anxiety by gradually exposing them to the feared object or situation. It involves creating a hierarchy of fear-inducing stimuli and starting with the least anxiety-provoking item, such as a picture of spiders in this case, and gradually progressing to more anxiety-provoking items, like holding a tarantula. By repeatedly exposing the individual to these feared stimuli in a controlled and safe environment, they can learn to manage their fear and anxiety responses, ultimately leading to a reduction in their phobia.

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62. A phobia is:

Explanation

The correct answer is "an irrational fear of something." A phobia is characterized by an intense and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. This fear is excessive and disproportionate to any actual danger posed by the feared stimulus. Phobias can cause significant distress and interfere with daily life.

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63. Can you roll your r? Do you know someone who can't pronounce the r? These language skills are learned in a very specific time frame where learning them comes easy.  If you don't learn things in the time you are meant to, you are missing a: 

Explanation

The correct answer is "critical window". This refers to a specific time frame in which certain skills or abilities can be easily learned or acquired. In the context of the question, it suggests that the ability to roll the r or pronounce the r sound is best learned during a particular period of development. If this critical window is missed, it may become more difficult or even impossible to acquire the skill later on.

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64. This measurement makes sure that a test measures what it is supposed to.  For example if I give you a test on psychology, it should ask questions based on psychology. 

Explanation

Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the specific content or domain it is intended to measure. In this case, the explanation suggests that content validity ensures that a test on psychology asks questions based on psychology, indicating that it measures what it is supposed to. This aligns with the definition of content validity, making it the correct answer.

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65. These are the ideas of our self and where we fit in the world, and from this we form our ideas of others

Explanation

Self concept refers to our overall perception and understanding of ourselves. It includes our beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about our own identity, abilities, and characteristics. It is the way we define and see ourselves, which influences our behavior, choices, and interactions with others. Self concept is formed through self-reflection, social comparisons, and feedback from others. It plays a crucial role in shaping our self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as our understanding of others and our place in the world.

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66. These occur in NREM 3 and are extreme fight or flight activated in a person.  They will not remember this happening to them, and usually a person grows out of these by age 12. 

Explanation

Night terrors are episodes that occur during NREM 3 sleep, also known as deep sleep. They are characterized by extreme fear, panic, and a fight or flight response in a person. The individual experiencing night terrors will not have any memory of the episode. Night terrors are most commonly seen in children and tend to decrease as they grow older, typically ceasing by age 12.

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67. This is the only type of psychologist that can offer medication as a means to treat someone. 

Explanation

A psychiatrist is the only type of psychologist that can offer medication as a means to treat someone. While clinical psychologists, educational psychologists, and human factors psychologists can provide therapy and counseling, only psychiatrists have the medical training and authority to prescribe medication for mental health conditions.

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68. The placebo effect is when

Explanation

The correct answer is "when something works just because we expect it to and it influences our behavior." This explanation refers to the placebo effect, which occurs when a person experiences a perceived improvement in their condition or symptoms after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredients or therapeutic value. This improvement is believed to be a result of the person's belief or expectation that the treatment will work. This belief or expectation can influence their behavior and lead to actual changes in their condition or symptoms.

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69. Clinical Psychology is:

Explanation

Clinical Psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on assessing and treating mental illness and disability without the use of medication. It involves conducting therapy sessions, administering psychological tests, and developing treatment plans to help individuals improve their mental well-being. Clinical psychologists use various therapeutic techniques to address a wide range of psychological disorders and work closely with clients to promote mental health and overall well-being. Unlike psychiatrists, clinical psychologists do not have the authority to prescribe medication, but they play a crucial role in providing psychotherapy and counseling services to individuals in need.

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70. This is the idea that while in a group, we tend to not put forth as much effort as everyone else will put forth effort.  The person in the group who everyone has to carry is doing this.

Explanation

Social Loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to when they are working alone. This is because they believe their individual contribution will not be easily noticed or evaluated. The answer choice "The person in the group who everyone has to carry is doing this" accurately describes social loafing, as it highlights the idea that someone in the group is not putting in the same level of effort as the others, causing the rest of the group to compensate for their lack of effort.

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71. These types of neurons, also known as sensory neurons, go _______ the brain and deal with ________ functions. 

Explanation

Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying sensory information from the body's sensory receptors towards the brain. This information includes sensations such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception. Therefore, the correct answer is "toward; sensory" as it accurately describes the direction and function of these neurons.

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72. An example of obsessive compulsive disorder is:

Explanation

This answer correctly identifies the example of obsessive compulsive disorder as being fired from a job because of excessive hand washing due to a belief that one's hands are dirty. Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that are difficult to control. In this case, the obsession is the belief that the hands are dirty, and the compulsion is the excessive hand washing for several hours a day. This behavior can significantly interfere with daily functioning and can lead to negative consequences such as job loss.

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73. This disorder is categorized as taking anxiety over one situation and applying to other situations creating many things that cause anxiety.

Explanation

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive and persistent worry and anxiety about various aspects of life. People with this disorder often have difficulty controlling their worrying and may experience physical symptoms such as restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances. The given explanation suggests that this disorder involves taking anxiety from one situation and applying it to other situations, resulting in the experience of anxiety in many different areas of life.

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74. This personality type motivates a person because they are aggressive, ambitious, and competitive and controlling. 

Explanation

The given explanation suggests that the personality type described in the question, which is characterized by being aggressive, ambitious, competitive, and controlling, is Type A. Type A personalities are known for their high levels of competitiveness, ambition, and a strong desire to be in control. These traits often serve as motivators for individuals with Type A personalities.

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75. This is a natural reinforcer like food:

Explanation

A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that is naturally rewarding and satisfies a basic biological need or drive, such as food, water, or sex. It does not require any learning or conditioning to be reinforcing. In this case, since the given stimulus is described as being "like food," it suggests that it is a natural reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need, making it a primary reinforcer.

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76. This is the understanding that other people have their own points of view that differ from your own.  This is known as:

Explanation

Theory of mind refers to the understanding that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives that may be different from our own. It involves recognizing that others have their own unique mental states and can have different knowledge, intentions, and desires. This understanding is crucial for social interactions, empathy, and the ability to attribute mental states to others. It helps us to understand and predict the behavior of others and to adjust our own behavior accordingly.

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77. Mnemonic Devices are:

Explanation

Mnemonic devices are memory aids that help individuals remember information more easily. One example is the mnemonic device "ROY G BIV" which is used to remember the colors of the rainbow (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet). Mnemonic devices can be in the form of acronyms, rhymes, or visual images that make it easier for the brain to encode and retrieve information. They are effective because they create associations and connections in the brain, making it easier to recall information when needed.

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78. This school of thought would argue that a person does what they do because they are trying to reach self potential and be the best version of themselves.

Explanation

Humanistic psychology focuses on the individual's inherent drive for personal growth and self-actualization. It emphasizes the importance of subjective experiences, free will, and the conscious mind in shaping behavior. This perspective suggests that people are motivated to fulfill their potential and strive towards becoming the best version of themselves. It emphasizes the positive aspects of human nature and the belief that individuals have the capacity to make choices and take responsibility for their actions.

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79. A person coming from this psychological perspective would look at how we think, remember, speak and how we interpret the events around us

Explanation

A cognitive psychologist focuses on studying how people think, remember, speak, and interpret events. They are interested in understanding mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This perspective emphasizes the role of internal mental processes in shaping behavior and seeks to understand how people acquire, process, and use information. Cognitive psychologists use various research methods, including experiments and observations, to study these processes and develop theories about how the mind works.

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80. This type of therapy aims to change the way a person perceives the events around them.  For example if a boss says you did a bad job, you might internalize that as "I am a bad person."  This type of therapy challenges that thinking. 

Explanation

Cognitive therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on changing a person's thought patterns and beliefs. It aims to challenge negative or irrational thoughts and replace them with more positive and realistic ones. In the given scenario, cognitive therapy would help the person recognize that their boss's criticism does not define their worth as a person and challenge the belief that they are a bad person. This therapy aims to change the way a person perceives events and helps them develop healthier thinking patterns.

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81. A person taking the biopsychosocial approach would look at:

Explanation

The biopsychosocial approach takes into account various factors that influence a person's well-being. This includes considering a person's genetics, as it can impact their physical and mental health. Mood and personality are also important factors to consider, as they can affect how an individual responds to different situations. Additionally, culture plays a significant role in shaping a person's beliefs, values, and behaviors, which can impact their overall health. By considering these aspects, the biopsychosocial approach provides a holistic understanding of an individual's health and well-being.

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82. This is physical growth that has nothing to do with you learning.  For example a person getting taller is known as:

Explanation

Maturation refers to the process of physical growth that occurs naturally and independently of learning. It is a biological process that leads to changes in the body, such as an increase in height. Unlike learning, which involves acquiring new knowledge or skills through experience or education, maturation is a result of genetic and physiological factors. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is maturation.

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83. This is a study in which you take different people of different age groups to study them.  For example you study intelligence at different points of age using different people at different ages for your study. 

Explanation

A cross-sectional study is the most appropriate explanation for the given scenario. This type of study involves taking different individuals from different age groups and studying them at a specific point in time. In this case, the researcher is studying intelligence at different ages by selecting individuals from different age groups. The purpose of a cross-sectional study is to compare different groups at a single point in time to gather information about a particular variable or characteristic. This study design allows for the examination of age-related differences in intelligence without having to follow individuals over an extended period of time.

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84. Operational definitions are:

Explanation

Operational definitions refer to the specific procedures and steps that are followed in an experiment. These definitions outline the exact methods and measurements used to define and measure variables in a scientific study. They provide clarity and precision, ensuring that the experiment can be replicated and understood by other researchers. Operational definitions are essential in establishing the validity and reliability of research findings.

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85. This is the process of getting a memory into the brain, first from sensory to short term, then into long term where it is stored.

Explanation

Encoding refers to the process of converting sensory information into a form that can be stored and retrieved by the brain. It involves transforming information from sensory memory to short-term memory, and then transferring it to long-term memory for storage. This process allows memories to be retained and accessed later when needed.

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86. This part of the brain deals with the processing of hearing also known as audition. 

Explanation

The correct answer is Temporal. The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information, including the sense of hearing. It is located on the sides of the brain, above the ears. The temporal lobe also plays a role in language comprehension and memory formation.

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87. This Freudian way to assess personality and also therapy technique is saying the first thing that comes to mind

Explanation

Free association is a Freudian technique used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind. It involves the patient spontaneously expressing their thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship or judgment. By allowing the mind to freely associate, hidden thoughts and emotions can be revealed, providing insight into the individual's personality and underlying issues. This technique can also be used as a therapeutic tool to help the patient gain self-awareness and resolve psychological conflicts.

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88. This is what happens when the corpus callosum is split. Usually it is meant to cure seizures. It is the only time a person can be left brained or right brained. 

Explanation

When the corpus callosum is split, it means that the bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain has been severed. This procedure is usually done to treat severe cases of epilepsy or seizures. The purpose of splitting the corpus callosum is to prevent the spread of abnormal electrical activity from one hemisphere to the other. As a result of this procedure, the two hemispheres are no longer able to communicate effectively with each other. This can lead to a condition known as "split brain," where each hemisphere functions somewhat independently.

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89. The process by which sound changes form to make what we hear, light changes form to make what we see is known as:

Explanation

Transduction refers to the process by which energy from one form is converted into another form. In the context of the question, it is referring to the conversion of sound waves into auditory signals that we hear, and the conversion of light waves into visual signals that we see. This process is essential for our perception of the world around us.

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90. This type of reinforcement schedule is when you are rewarded each time you do something.  For example, every time you sell a snowglobe you get $5. 

Explanation

Fixed Ratio is the correct answer because it refers to a reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after a fixed number of responses or behaviors. In this case, the person is rewarded with $5 every time they sell a snowglobe, which is a specific and fixed number of responses (selling a snowglobe). This type of reinforcement schedule is effective in maintaining a high rate of responding and is commonly used in sales commission structures or piece-rate pay systems.

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91. This is the most basic unit of sound:

Explanation

A phoneme is the most basic unit of sound in language. It refers to the individual sounds that make up words and can change the meaning of a word when substituted. Phonemes are distinct from letters, as one letter can represent multiple phonemes and one phoneme can be represented by multiple letters. Understanding phonemes is essential for language acquisition and pronunciation.

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92. This is assigning characteristics or qualities to people based on their perceived internal or external qualities. 

Explanation

Attribution Theory is the correct answer because it refers to the process of assigning characteristics or qualities to individuals based on their perceived internal or external qualities. It involves making judgments about the causes of people's behavior, whether it is due to their personal disposition or the situation they are in. This theory helps explain how individuals interpret and understand the actions of others, and it plays a significant role in social psychology.

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93. This is a disorder in which a person who has an intellectual disability is a prodigy in some area. An example would be a person with Autism spectrum disorder being a brilliant piano player. 

Explanation

Savant Syndrome is a disorder where a person with an intellectual disability possesses exceptional skills or abilities in a specific area, such as music, art, or mathematics. This is exemplified by individuals with Autism spectrum disorder who display remarkable talent in playing the piano or other musical instruments.

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94. Carl Rogers believed that all you needed was __________ or genuine acceptance. 

Explanation

Carl Rogers believed that all you needed was unconditional positive regard or genuine acceptance. Unconditional positive regard refers to the acceptance and support of a person regardless of their behavior or feelings. According to Rogers, this type of acceptance creates an environment where individuals can freely explore and express themselves, leading to personal growth and self-actualization. It involves showing empathy, understanding, and non-judgment towards others, allowing them to feel valued and accepted for who they are.

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95. Your personal belief in your ability to succeed in something, like your ability to succeed in this course :) 

Explanation

Self efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to successfully accomplish a specific task or goal. It is the confidence one has in their own competence and skills. In the given context, self efficacy is relevant as it relates to a person's belief in their ability to succeed in a course. This belief can greatly influence their motivation, effort, and persistence in achieving their academic goals. Self efficacy is an important concept in psychology, as it plays a significant role in shaping behavior and performance.

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96. Agonists typically _________ neurotransmitters and __________ their effects.  

Explanation

Agonists are substances that mimic the action of neurotransmitters, meaning they can bind to the same receptors as the neurotransmitters and activate them. By doing so, agonists intensify the effects of neurotransmitters, enhancing their activity in the brain.

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97. This intelligence is your ability to reason, use what know, and the speed at which we process it.  Women generally use this better than men.

Explanation

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think flexibly, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. It is considered to be related to reasoning, processing speed, and the ability to use information that is not previously learned or memorized. The statement suggests that women generally use fluid intelligence better than men, implying that they may have an advantage in tasks that require quick thinking and problem-solving abilities.

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98. A confounding variable is:

Explanation

A confounding variable is a variable that has an impact on the results of an experiment but was not considered or controlled for during the study. It can introduce bias and lead to inaccurate conclusions. Confounding variables can arise due to various reasons such as random chance, selection bias, or uncontrolled variables. It is important to identify and account for confounding variables to ensure the validity and reliability of the study's findings.

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99. Perceiving a relationship among variables is known as:

Explanation

Illusory correlation refers to the perception of a relationship between variables that does not actually exist. It occurs when people believe that there is a correlation between two events or variables, even though there is no statistical evidence to support this belief. This can happen due to cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias, where people tend to focus on information that confirms their preconceived notions. Illusory correlation can lead to misconceptions and false beliefs about cause and effect relationships.

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100. This is the tendency for us to lose our individual identity in a group, like a mob mentality.  An example of this is when you are at a basketball game and you "go banananas" (go go bananas). You do things you normally wouldn't do.

Explanation

Deindividuation is the correct answer because it refers to the tendency for individuals to lose their individual identity and personal responsibility when they are in a group. This can lead to a decrease in self-awareness and an increase in impulsive and irrational behavior. The example given of "going bananas" at a basketball game demonstrates how individuals may engage in actions that they wouldn't normally do due to the influence of the group and the anonymity provided by being part of a larger crowd.

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101. At the end of neural transmission, the neuron sucks up any excess neurotransmitter in the synapse, this is called:

Explanation

Reuptake refers to the process where the neuron reabsorbs any excess neurotransmitter molecules from the synapse after they have completed their function of transmitting signals. This recycling mechanism helps in regulating the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapse and allows for efficient communication between neurons.

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102. Correlation measures _______ and is useful for ___________

Explanation

Correlation measures the relationship between two variables, indicating how closely they are related to each other. It helps in predicting the behavior of one variable based on the behavior of the other variable. By analyzing the correlation, we can make predictions about the future values of one variable based on the known values of the other variable.

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103. A case study is a research method that:

Explanation

A case study is a research method that involves examining all of the variables of a situation in great detail. It focuses on studying a specific individual, group, or event and aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the subject matter. By analyzing various factors and variables, researchers can gain comprehensive insights into the complexities and nuances of the situation being studied. This method allows for a detailed exploration of multiple aspects, such as psychological, social, environmental, and cultural factors, that may influence behavior or outcomes.

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104. Anything like alcohol, or other chemicals that can get through the placenta and affect an unborn child. 

Explanation

Teratogens are substances or agents that can cause abnormalities or birth defects in a developing fetus. They include things like alcohol and other chemicals that can pass through the placenta and harm the unborn child. These substances can disrupt the normal development of the baby and lead to physical, cognitive, or behavioral issues later in life. It is important for pregnant women to avoid exposure to teratogens to ensure the healthy development of their baby.

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105. This personality type motivates a person because enjoy competition and achievement, but do not have the stress levels associated with other personality types. 

Explanation

Type B personality types are known for being more relaxed and laid-back compared to Type A personalities. They are typically less competitive and achievement-oriented, which helps them avoid the stress levels associated with Type A personalities. Therefore, Type B personalities would be motivated by enjoying competition and achievement without the added stress.

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106. General Intelligence or g-factor, is the idea that:

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that intelligence is a relative idea and it covers many areas. This means that if someone is good at writing, they are likely to be good at spelling as well. This suggests that intelligence is not limited to a specific skill or domain, but rather encompasses a range of abilities and competencies.

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107. This is Edward Thorndike's major contribution to psychology, leading to the work of BF Skinner.  It is the idea that we are more likely to do behaviors we are rewarded for. 

Explanation

Edward Thorndike's major contribution to psychology is known as the Law of Effect. This principle suggests that behaviors that are rewarded or reinforced are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished or not reinforced are less likely to be repeated. This concept laid the foundation for the work of BF Skinner and his research on operant conditioning.

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108. A rhythm that is something that happens once a day, like waking up is known as what type of rhythm? 

Explanation

A rhythm that occurs once a day, such as waking up, is known as a circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that follow a 24-hour cycle and are influenced by external cues, such as light and darkness. These rhythms regulate various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and body temperature.

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109. This is the story line of a dream - like if I'm dancing with a lobster. 

Explanation

Manifest content refers to the literal and surface-level events and objects that occur in a dream. It is the storyline and imagery that the dreamer experiences while dreaming. In this case, the manifest content is the dreamer dancing with a lobster.

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110. This part of the brain is made up of several parts and deals with basic emotion and drives. 

Explanation

The limbic system is the correct answer because it is a part of the brain that is responsible for basic emotions and drives. It is made up of several parts, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which play crucial roles in regulating emotions, memory, and motivation. The limbic system also interacts with other parts of the brain to influence behavior and physiological responses.

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111. 65% of people take AP Psychology to take the exam an earn the college credit.  30% take the course to get the feel of an AP class before college.  5% of people take the course because they heard someone else was teaching it.  If I say, "Most people take AP Psychology for the chance at college credit" I am using what kind of statistic? 

Explanation

The given statement, "Most people take AP Psychology for the chance at college credit," is an example of an inferential statistic. This is because it is based on the percentages provided in the question and makes an inference about the majority of people's motivations for taking the course. Inferential statistics involve using data from a sample to make conclusions or predictions about a larger population. In this case, the statement is inferring the motivations of the majority of people who take AP Psychology based on the given percentages.

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112. The function of a dendrite is to:

Explanation

Dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the cell body of a neuron. Their main function is to receive messages or signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. These messages are in the form of chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Once the dendrites receive the message, they transmit it to the cell body for further processing and integration. Therefore, the correct answer is "Receive a message."

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113. This is a break from reality. It is also known as a mental breakdown.  We most commonly think of this in terms of schizophrenia. 

Explanation

Psychosis refers to a break from reality or a mental breakdown. It is often associated with conditions like schizophrenia. This can involve symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

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114. This is a type of learning in which we get used to a stimuli and don't respond to it the same after a while.  For example, my 1 year old son is excited about peek a boo still, my 15 year old niece, not so much. 

Explanation

Habituation is the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus and not responding to it in the same way over time. In the given example, the 15-year-old niece is no longer excited about peek-a-boo because she has become habituated to it, while the 1-year-old son is still excited because he has not yet habituated to it.

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115. This is the part of the psyche that according to Freud is used to balance our darkest desires and our super moral side that doesn't want us to have anything. 

Explanation

The correct answer is Ego. According to Freud, the ego is the part of the psyche that balances our darkest desires and our super moral side that doesn't want us to have anything. It acts as a mediator between the id (our unconscious desires) and the superego (our moral conscience), helping to find a compromise between our instinctual urges and societal norms.

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116. The idea that the earth is fair and people get what they deserve is known as:

Explanation

The idea that the earth is fair and people get what they deserve is known as the just world phenomenon. This concept suggests that individuals have a tendency to believe that good actions are rewarded and bad actions are punished, creating a sense of justice in the world. It can lead to victim-blaming and the belief that those who experience negative outcomes must have done something to deserve it. This phenomenon has been studied in psychology to understand how people make sense of the world and justify inequalities.

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117. This theory of emotion states that we 1) have the emotion and 2) we cognitively label that emotion.  For example, I see a spider, I feel fear and think, "I am feeling fear." 

Explanation

The Two Factor Theory of emotion suggests that emotions are a result of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. According to this theory, we first experience a physiological response to a stimulus, such as increased heart rate or sweating. Then, we cognitively label this physiological arousal as a specific emotion based on our interpretation of the situation. For example, if we see a spider and our heart starts racing, we may interpret this physiological response as fear. This theory emphasizes the role of both physiological and cognitive processes in the experience of emotions.

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118. A projective test:

Explanation

A projective test is a psychological assessment tool that involves presenting ambiguous stimuli such as pictures or words to a client and asking them to respond with their thoughts, feelings, or interpretations. The purpose of this test is to access the client's unconscious mind and gain insight into their underlying thoughts, emotions, and motivations. By analyzing their responses, psychologists can gain a deeper understanding of the client's personality, conflicts, and psychological functioning. This type of test is based on the belief that individuals may project their own unconscious desires, fears, or conflicts onto the ambiguous stimuli, providing valuable information for assessment and therapy.

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119. This type of therapy is rarely used and involves taking out a part of the brain that is affecting abnormal behavior. 

Explanation

Psychosurgery is the correct answer because it involves the surgical removal or destruction of specific brain areas to alleviate abnormal behavior. This type of therapy is rarely used due to its invasive nature and potential risks. It is typically considered as a last resort when all other treatments have failed and the individual's condition is severe and debilitating.

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120. Behaviorism or behavioral psychology is the study of:

Explanation

Behaviorism or behavioral psychology is the study of how we learn certain behaviors. This field of psychology focuses on the observable behaviors and the environmental factors that shape and influence them. It emphasizes the role of conditioning and reinforcement in learning and understanding human behavior. By studying how individuals acquire specific behaviors, behaviorism aims to explain and predict human actions based on observable stimuli and responses.

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121. This is a type of learning that occurs without conditioning, without reward and just happens sometime after the initial time you learn it. 

Explanation

Latent learning refers to a type of learning that occurs without any reinforcement or reward. It happens when an individual acquires knowledge or skills without any immediate intention to use or demonstrate them. This type of learning is not evident immediately but becomes apparent when there is a need or motivation to use the learned information or skills. It suggests that learning can occur even without reinforcement or conditioning, and the knowledge acquired remains hidden until it is needed.

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122. Implicit Memories are:

Explanation

Implicit memories are memories that are not consciously accessible, but still influence our behavior and actions. They are often skill-based memories, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument, and are carried through amnesia, a condition where explicit memories are lost. These memories are produced in the cerebellum, a brain region responsible for motor coordination and procedural learning. Unlike explicit memories, which are fact-based and rely on the hippocampus, implicit memories are formed and retrieved without conscious awareness.

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123. This part of the eye help you process black and white, work best at night, and aid in your peripheral vision 

Explanation

Rods are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for processing black and white images, working best in low light conditions (night vision), and aiding in peripheral vision. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light. The lens and cornea are part of the eye's structure and help to focus light onto the retina.

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124. The therapy style of rewarding a person for normal behaviors and then redeeming these rewards for privileges is known as:

Explanation

Token Economy is a therapy style that involves rewarding individuals for exhibiting normal behaviors and then allowing them to redeem these rewards for privileges. This approach aims to reinforce positive behaviors and promote desired outcomes through a system of tokens or rewards. By using this method, individuals are motivated to engage in more adaptive behaviors and can learn new skills and behaviors through positive reinforcement. This approach is commonly used in settings such as schools, hospitals, and prisons to promote positive behavior change.

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125. A prototype is:

Explanation

A prototype refers to the image that comes to mind when thinking about a specific group or category. For example, when someone mentions the word "dog," the specific dog that comes to mind represents the prototype of a dog. This concept helps us understand and categorize different objects or ideas based on their resemblance to the prototype.

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126. This is how we overall physically take in the world

Explanation

The given answer, "Sensation," is correct because sensation refers to the process of receiving information from our environment through our senses. It involves the detection and conversion of physical stimuli into neural signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Sensation is the initial step in the process of perceiving and understanding the world around us. It is through sensation that we are able to perceive and make sense of our surroundings, including the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touch that we experience.

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127. This is the theory of motivation that something pulls us out of balance and we seek to get back to balance - for example we are hungry, so we eat. 

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer, Drive Reduction Theory, is that it proposes that motivation arises from the need to reduce physiological imbalances or drives. When we experience a physiological need, such as hunger, it creates a state of tension or imbalance. To restore balance, we are motivated to engage in behaviors that will satisfy the need, such as eating. This theory suggests that our actions are driven by the desire to reduce these internal imbalances and maintain homeostasis.

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128. This part of the nervous system deals with the initiation of fight or flight, stress, love, etc.  It causes your pupils to dilate, your digestion to stop, etc. 

Explanation

The correct answer is the Sympathetic Nervous System. This part of the nervous system is responsible for the body's response to stress or danger, commonly known as the fight or flight response. It activates various physiological changes in the body, such as dilating the pupils and inhibiting digestion, to prepare the body for action.

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129. The idea that all knowledge comes from our experience through our senses is known as: 

Explanation

Empiricism is the correct answer because it refers to the philosophical belief that all knowledge is derived from our experiences and observations through our senses. This perspective suggests that our understanding of the world is based on what we can directly perceive and verify, rather than relying on innate ideas or reasoning alone. Empiricism emphasizes the importance of gathering empirical evidence and conducting experiments to gain knowledge and understanding.

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130. The point at where we sense something from nothing. For example light from nothing, sound from nothing, etc. 

Explanation

The absolute threshold refers to the lowest level of stimulation that can be detected by our senses. It is the point at which we are able to sense something from nothing, such as perceiving light from complete darkness or hearing sound from complete silence. This concept is important in psychology as it helps us understand the limits of our sensory perception and how we detect and interpret stimuli in our environment.

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131. Insight therapy aims to:

Explanation

Insight therapy aims to have the client figure out their issues. This type of therapy focuses on helping individuals gain self-awareness and understanding of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The therapist guides the client through discussions and exploration to uncover underlying causes of their issues and gain insight into their own experiences. The goal is to empower the client to discover their own solutions and make positive changes in their lives.

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132. This type of intelligence is a culmination of everything we have learned. 

Explanation

Crystallized intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills that a person has acquired throughout their life. It is the ability to use previously learned information, facts, and experiences to solve problems and make decisions. This type of intelligence is considered to be the result of education, cultural exposure, and life experiences. It is different from fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve novel problems. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions, while general intelligence refers to overall cognitive abilities.

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133. These are concepts, like you understanding what a desk is.  In psychology we call these concepts:

Explanation

Schemas are mental frameworks or structures that help us organize and interpret information about the world. They are like mental categories or templates that allow us to make sense of new experiences by relating them to existing knowledge. Schemas influence our perception, memory, and problem-solving abilities. They can be formed through personal experiences, cultural influences, and social interactions. Schemas help us process information efficiently by filling in gaps and making assumptions based on our existing knowledge. Therefore, the correct answer is schemas.

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134. This type of learning is a natural, involuntary form of learning.  For example, if you get bit by a dog, you fear dogs.  It produces conditioned emotional responses

Explanation

Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an individual learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response. In the given example, the individual learns to associate the neutral stimulus of dogs with the naturally occurring stimulus of being bitten, leading to a conditioned emotional response of fear towards dogs. This type of learning is considered natural and involuntary because it occurs automatically without conscious effort.

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135. This theory of pitch says that it is the area of the cochlea struck that determines pitch.

Explanation

Place theory is a theory of pitch perception that suggests that the perception of pitch is determined by the specific location on the cochlea that is stimulated. According to this theory, different frequencies of sound waves stimulate different areas of the cochlea, resulting in the perception of different pitches. This theory explains how we are able to perceive high and low pitches based on the location of stimulation in the cochlea.

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136. A rule of thumb or quick judgment on something/someone/an issue is:

Explanation

A rule of thumb or quick judgment on something/someone/an issue is referred to as a heuristic. A heuristic is a mental shortcut or strategy that allows individuals to make decisions or solve problems quickly and efficiently, often without extensive reasoning or analysis. It is a practical approach that relies on past experiences and general knowledge to guide decision-making.

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137. This type of test measures things you know, like a math test, an English test, or even a psychology test. 

Explanation

An achievement test is a type of test that measures the knowledge and skills that an individual has acquired in a specific area, such as math, English, or psychology. It assesses what the person has achieved or accomplished in that particular subject or field. Unlike an aptitude test, which measures a person's potential or ability to learn new things, an achievement test focuses on what the person has already learned and can demonstrate. Therefore, an achievement test is the most appropriate answer given that it measures things that the person already knows.

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138. This theory of emotion states that the emotions we feel and the physical reactions happen at the same time.  For example, I see a spider, my body reacts and I feel fear at the same time. 

Explanation

The Cannon Bard Theory states that emotions and physical reactions occur simultaneously. This means that when we experience an emotion, such as fear, our body reacts to it at the same time. For example, if we see a spider, our body may respond with an increased heart rate and sweaty palms, while we also feel fear. This theory suggests that the physical reactions and emotional experiences are independent but happen together.

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139. Shaping is:

Explanation

The correct answer is learning a behavior step by step. Shaping refers to the process of gradually teaching and reinforcing a behavior by breaking it down into smaller steps. This method involves rewarding the individual for successfully completing each step, leading to the overall desired behavior. It is often used in behavior modification and training to teach complex behaviors or skills.

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140. This is the hidden meaning of a dream, what Freud called the censored meaning - like if I dream I am dancing with a lobster, the lobster represents the regrets of my life. This is known as:

Explanation

The term "latent content" refers to the hidden or symbolic meaning of a dream, according to Freud. It suggests that dreams have a deeper significance beyond their surface-level interpretation. In this context, the dream of dancing with a lobster may symbolize the regrets in the dreamer's life. The latent content represents the underlying desires, fears, or conflicts that are expressed through symbols and imagery in dreams.

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This type of therapy is useful for realizing a person is not alone in...
The retina is:
Psychology is:
These are false sensory input like seeing something that isn't...
This is a distinguishing quality or characteristic of someone
This is where a person must have a drug to function physically and/or...
This is building up an immunity to a drug, requiring more of it for...
A psychologist from the biological perspective would be most...
I stop breathing when I'm sleeping, which sleep disorder do I most...
This type of culture promotes the pursuing of personal goals, focusing...
This is the idea that we are less likely to help someone in need if...
Dopamine is an example of a ______ which communicates between neurons...
The theory that there are three color cones in our eyes that combine...
This is making a test the same for all takers as possible: same...
The idea that we will help people when we do a cost benefit analysis a...
This refers to a person having an IQ lower than 70 and their...
These are false beliefs held by those with mental illness and those...
When mom leaves the room, a baby in their early months will cry, not...
This is meant to decrease behavior:
This is a good kind of stress that releases adrenaline and pushes us...
This is using psychological means to treat, such as conditioning,...
Perception is:
Being objective, assessing sources, discerning hidden values, and...
Timothy suddenly falls asleep into REM while he is swimming....
Birds do this when they are born, they attach to the first living...
This theory says we are pulled by the thought of reward, and thus...
Homeostasis is:
This type of memory is the first step of memory - it's sorting out...
The social clock is:
Social Anxiety Disorder is defined as:
This is the biological motivation to survive
If you are bit by a German Shepard and you fear all dogs, according to...
You need both eyes to pick up some things like distance, depth, form,...
This is the group we are part of.  The "Us" in the...
The idea studied by Solomon Asch that we try to fit in to a group for...
Divergent thinking is:
Repression is:
Egocentrism is:
This disorder is characterized by having panic attacks or being...
Paradoxical sleep where our bodies are paralyzed, but our minds are...
The idea that it is our environment or our biology that make up who we...
This memory technique is used to spread information out over a period...
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon is:
This disorder is characterized by disorganized thinking, irregular...
Grouping information together is a memory technique known as:
The Bears lose to the Packers.  I say that I knew that would...
This is the phenomenon that we tend to think we are being watched more...
Mirror Image Perception is:
The cochlea is:
This technique for treatment developed by Carl Rogers emphasizes that...
This theory says we are motivated by levels of need. Once we are...
I am studying the influence of a drug on sleep patterns.  The...
This is a disorder in which a person has multiple personality...
This is using medicine to treat psychological disorders rather than...
Depressants are drugs that:
This is meant to increase behavior:
This is situational predicament in which individuals are at risk...
This test measures your potential, like an ACT measure how well you...
This neurotransmitter deals with pain. Too much leads to a high like a...
In therapy, this is the idea that a person will go back to an average...
This type of therapy works up to exposing someone to their fears...
A phobia is:
Can you roll your r? Do you know someone who can't pronounce the...
This measurement makes sure that a test measures what it is supposed...
These are the ideas of our self and where we fit in the world, and...
These occur in NREM 3 and are extreme fight or flight activated in a...
This is the only type of psychologist that can offer medication as a...
The placebo effect is when
Clinical Psychology is:
This is the idea that while in a group, we tend to not put forth as...
These types of neurons, also known as sensory neurons, go _______ the...
An example of obsessive compulsive disorder is:
This disorder is categorized as taking anxiety over one situation and...
This personality type motivates a person because they are aggressive,...
This is a natural reinforcer like food:
This is the understanding that other people have their own points of...
Mnemonic Devices are:
This school of thought would argue that a person does what they do...
A person coming from this psychological perspective would look at how...
This type of therapy aims to change the way a person perceives the...
A person taking the biopsychosocial approach would look at:
This is physical growth that has nothing to do with you learning....
This is a study in which you take different people of different age...
Operational definitions are:
This is the process of getting a memory into the brain, first from...
This part of the brain deals with the processing of hearing also known...
This Freudian way to assess personality and also therapy technique is...
This is what happens when the corpus callosum is split. Usually it is...
The process by which sound changes form to make what we hear, light...
This type of reinforcement schedule is when you are rewarded each time...
This is the most basic unit of sound:
This is assigning characteristics or qualities to people based on...
This is a disorder in which a person who has an intellectual...
Carl Rogers believed that all you needed was __________ or genuine...
Your personal belief in your ability to succeed in something, like...
Agonists typically _________ neurotransmitters and __________ their...
This intelligence is your ability to reason, use what know, and the...
A confounding variable is:
Perceiving a relationship among variables is known as:
This is the tendency for us to lose our individual identity in a...
At the end of neural transmission, the neuron sucks up any excess...
Correlation measures _______ and is useful for ___________
A case study is a research method that:
Anything like alcohol, or other chemicals that can get through the...
This personality type motivates a person because enjoy competition and...
General Intelligence or g-factor, is the idea that:
This is Edward Thorndike's major contribution to psychology,...
A rhythm that is something that happens once a day, like waking up is...
This is the story line of a dream - like if I'm dancing with a...
This part of the brain is made up of several parts and deals with...
65% of people take AP Psychology to take the exam an earn the college...
The function of a dendrite is to:
This is a break from reality. It is also known as a mental breakdown....
This is a type of learning in which we get used to a stimuli and...
This is the part of the psyche that according to Freud is used to...
The idea that the earth is fair and people get what they deserve is...
This theory of emotion states that we 1) have the emotion and 2) we...
A projective test:
This type of therapy is rarely used and involves taking out a part of...
Behaviorism or behavioral psychology is the study of:
This is a type of learning that occurs without conditioning, without...
Implicit Memories are:
This part of the eye help you process black and white, work best at...
The therapy style of rewarding a person for normal behaviors and then...
A prototype is:
This is how we overall physically take in the world
This is the theory of motivation that something pulls us out of...
This part of the nervous system deals with the initiation of fight or...
The idea that all knowledge comes from our experience through our...
The point at where we sense something from nothing. For example light...
Insight therapy aims to:
This type of intelligence is a culmination of everything we have...
These are concepts, like you understanding what a desk is.  In...
This type of learning is a natural, involuntary form of learning....
This theory of pitch says that it is the area of the cochlea struck...
A rule of thumb or quick judgment on something/someone/an issue is:
This type of test measures things you know, like a math test, an...
This theory of emotion states that the emotions we feel and the...
Shaping is:
This is the hidden meaning of a dream, what Freud called the censored...
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