AP Psych Review ChAPters 1-3 MS

The experimental group refers to the group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable or treatment being studied. They are the group being experimented on to determine the effects of the treatment. This group is compared to the control group, which does not receive the treatment, in order to assess the impact of the independent variable.

The correct answer is "when participants' expectations lead them to experience some change even though they received an empty or fake treatment." This refers to the placebo effect, where individuals believe they are receiving a beneficial treatment and consequently experience a perceived improvement in their condition, even though the treatment itself has no therapeutic value. This phenomenon highlights the power of the mind in influencing our perception of health and well-being.

The correct answer is "interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior." This is because social psychology is a field of study that focuses on how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others and the social environment. It examines topics such as conformity, obedience, persuasion, attitudes, stereotypes, and group dynamics. It seeks to understand how social forces shape our behavior and interactions with others.

The correct answer is "the variable being manipulated." In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the researcher. It is the variable that is believed to have an effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is not affected by any other variable in the experiment and is used to determine if changes in it cause changes in the dependent variable. In this case, the independent variable is the variable being manipulated by the researcher.

Evolutionary Psychology is a field of study that focuses on understanding how the human mind and behavior have evolved over time. It explores how certain psychological traits and behaviors have been shaped by natural selection and adaptation to the environment. By examining the life span of species over a period in time, researchers in evolutionary psychology aim to uncover the evolutionary origins of various cognitive processes and behaviors in humans.

The Broca's area is a region in the brain that is responsible for the production of speech. It is located in the left hemisphere of the brain, specifically in the frontal lobe. Damage to this area can result in a condition called Broca's aphasia, where individuals have difficulty speaking fluently but can still understand language. Therefore, the Broca's area plays a crucial role in the production and coordination of speech.

The correct answer is "cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery." The soma, also known as the cell body, is the main part of a neuron that contains the cell nucleus and other organelles responsible for various cellular processes, including the production of proteins and neurotransmitters. It is involved in synthesizing and regulating the chemicals needed for the neuron's functioning.

The correct answer is "a chemical that opposes the action of neurotransmitters." An antagonist is a substance that blocks or inhibits the effects of neurotransmitters in the nervous system. It counteracts the actions of neurotransmitters by binding to their receptors and preventing them from exerting their effects. This can result in a decrease or inhibition of certain physiological processes or functions.

The correct answer is "neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft." Reuptake refers to the process where neurotransmitters are taken back up into the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synaptic cleft. This allows for the recycling and reutilization of neurotransmitters, maintaining the proper balance and functioning of the nervous system.

Edward Titchner relates most to Structuralism because he was a prominent figure in this psychological school of thought. Structuralism focused on the analysis of the basic elements of consciousness and their organization into complex mental structures. Titchner emphasized the study of introspection, where individuals would reflect on their own thoughts and experiences to gain insight into the structure of the mind. His work greatly contributed to the development of Structuralism and its understanding of the human mind.

The correct answer is Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. These structures are all part of the forebrain, which is the largest division of the brain. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex, while the hypothalamus regulates various bodily functions such as temperature and hunger. The limbic system is involved in emotions and memory, and the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, language, and decision-making.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood and arousal. It helps to regulate various physiological processes, including attention, alertness, and sleep-wake cycles. Norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response and can increase heart rate and blood pressure. It also plays a role in regulating mood, motivation, and emotional responses. Overall, norepinephrine is important for maintaining a balanced mood and promoting wakefulness and alertness.