AP Psychology Final Test

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  • 1/102 Questions

    "I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a _______________ psychologist." 

    • Cognitive
    • Learning
    • Perception
    • Personality
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About This Quiz

This test is structured like the AP Exam and many of the questions are real questions from previous AP exams.

AP Psychology Final Test - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    People who think their ethnic, national, or religious group is superior to others are called

    • Authoritarian

    • Dogmatic

    • Ethnocentric

    • Rigid

    Correct Answer
    A. Ethnocentric
    Explanation
    Ethnocentric refers to individuals who believe that their own ethnic, national, or religious group is superior to others. This belief leads them to judge other groups based on their own cultural standards and values. Ethnocentric individuals often display bias, prejudice, and discrimination towards those who are different from them. They may also have a limited understanding and appreciation of other cultures, leading to a lack of empathy and tolerance.

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  • 3. 

    The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the 

    • Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

    • Somatic and spinal systems

    • Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

    • Parasympathetic and spinal systems

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
    Explanation
    The autonomic nervous system consists of two branches called the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. These two systems work together to regulate involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. The sympathetic system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, activating the body during times of stress or danger. The parasympathetic system, on the other hand, promotes relaxation and conserves energy by slowing down bodily functions. Together, these two systems maintain a delicate balance in the body's internal environment.

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  • 4. 

    When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called

    • A heuristic

    • Incubation

    • Insight

    • Priming

    • An algorithm

    Correct Answer
    A. An algorithm
    Explanation
    Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called an algorithm when trying to solve a problem. An algorithm is a set of instructions or rules that are followed in order to solve a problem or complete a task. It involves breaking down the problem into smaller, more manageable steps and following a specific sequence to reach a solution. Algorithms are often used in computer programming and problem-solving processes to ensure a systematic approach to finding solutions.

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  • 5. 

    An individual who experiences major distortions of reality is most likely suffering from which of hte following types of disorders? 

    • Anxiety

    • Mood

    • Adjustment

    • Schizophrenic

    • Bipolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Schizophrenic
    Explanation
    An individual who experiences major distortions of reality is most likely suffering from Schizophrenic disorder. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distorted thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and impaired social functioning. These individuals may experience a break from reality, hearing voices, having false beliefs, and having difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is not. Anxiety, mood, adjustment, and bipolar disorders do not typically cause major distortions of reality like schizophrenia does.

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  • 6. 

    The "All-or-None" law states that: 

    • Either a neuron fires off, or it doesn't

    • All of the hormones are released into the bloodstream at once

    • They Synaptic Cleft absorbs every neurotransmitter or none

    • Either all of the neurons in the Central Area are effected or none are

    Correct Answer
    A. Either a neuron fires off, or it doesn't
    Explanation
    The "All-or-None" law states that a neuron either fires off completely, resulting in an action potential, or it does not fire at all. This means that the strength or intensity of the stimulus does not affect the firing of the neuron. Once the threshold is reached, the neuron fires with maximum strength, but if the threshold is not reached, no firing occurs. This principle applies to the generation of action potentials in individual neurons throughout the nervous system.

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  • 7. 

    A person with agoraphobia is best described as an individual who 

    • Displays suicidal behavior in stressful situations

    • Shows little regard for social norms

    • Suffers from an irrational fear and avoidance of public places

    • Suffers from chronic fatigue and paranoia in social situations

    • Shows excessive mood swings without warning

    Correct Answer
    A. Suffers from an irrational fear and avoidance of public places
    Explanation
    A person with agoraphobia is best described as an individual who suffers from an irrational fear and avoidance of public places. Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder in which a person has an intense fear of situations or places where they feel trapped, embarrassed, or helpless. This fear often leads to avoidance of these situations or places, such as crowded areas, public transportation, or open spaces. The person may experience panic attacks or extreme anxiety when faced with these situations, and their fear can significantly impact their daily life and functioning.

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  • 8. 

    The problems of observers seeing only what they expect to see is called

    • Observer bias

    • The experimenter effect

    • The effects of the observer

    • The halo effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Observer bias
    Explanation
    Observer bias refers to the tendency of observers to see and interpret events based on their preconceived notions, expectations, or personal beliefs. This can lead to a distorted perception of reality and can affect the accuracy and objectivity of observations. Observers may unintentionally overlook or misinterpret information that does not align with their expectations, leading to biased conclusions.

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  • 9. 

    Theories explain results, predict future outcomes, and 

    • Rely only on naturalistic observations

    • Guide research for future studies

    • Rely only on surveys

    • Rely only on case studies

    Correct Answer
    A. Guide research for future studies
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Guide research for future studies". Theories are used to guide and inform future research studies. They provide a framework for understanding and explaining results, as well as predicting future outcomes. Theories are not limited to any specific method of observation or data collection, such as relying only on naturalistic observations, surveys, or case studies. Instead, theories are broader in scope and help shape the direction of research in order to further our understanding of a particular phenomenon.

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  • 10. 

    The process through which a response is taught by rewardin gsuccessive approximations to the final desired response is 

    • Extinction

    • Fading

    • Shaping

    • Secondary Reinforcement

    Correct Answer
    A. Shaping
    Explanation
    Shaping is the process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response. This means that instead of waiting for the exact desired behavior to occur, the learner is reinforced for any behavior that is closer to the desired response. Over time, the behavior is shaped and refined until it matches the desired behavior. This technique is commonly used in behavior modification and training settings to teach complex behaviors. Extinction refers to the gradual disappearance of a previously learned behavior when it is no longer reinforced. Fading refers to gradually reducing the intensity or frequency of a prompt or cue. Secondary reinforcement refers to a stimulus that gains reinforcing properties through its association with a primary reinforcer.

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  • 11. 

    An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty with 

    • Identifying an object held in the hand but not seen

    • Planning what to wear to a party

    • Remembering the name of a person in a photograph

    • Comprehending a spoken request for information

    • Distinguishing between red and green

    Correct Answer
    A. Comprehending a spoken request for information
    Explanation
    An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty with comprehending a spoken request for information. Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension, so damage to this area can result in difficulties understanding and interpreting spoken language. This can include difficulty in processing and comprehending requests for information.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following best illustrates a humanistic approach to personality? 

    • Establishing gender schema in the development of sex roles

    • Recognizing the importance of unconscious forces and biological instincts

    • Using functional analyses to specify external variables that regulate behavior

    • Emphasizing personal growth and achievement of individual potential

    • Exploring the childhood roots of behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Emphasizing personal growth and achievement of individual potential
    Explanation
    The correct answer emphasizes personal growth and achievement of individual potential. This is a key principle of the humanistic approach to personality, which focuses on the unique qualities and potential of each individual. It emphasizes self-actualization, personal fulfillment, and the importance of subjective experiences and self-perception in shaping personality. This approach emphasizes the positive aspects of human nature and the belief that individuals have the capacity to grow, change, and reach their full potential.

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  • 13. 

    A child bitten by a white dog is not afraid of black dogs. This is an example of 

    • Discrimination

    • Spontaneous recovery

    • Shaping

    • Generalization

    Correct Answer
    A. Discrimination
    Explanation
    This scenario demonstrates discrimination, as the child is able to differentiate between the white dog that bit them and other black dogs. Discrimination refers to the ability to respond differently to similar stimuli based on their distinct characteristics. In this case, the child's fear is specific to white dogs, indicating that they have learned to discriminate between different types of dogs based on their past experience.

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  • 14. 

    In phase one of a study, a researcher classically conditions a dog to salivate to the ringing of a bell. In the second phase, the researcher pairs a flashing light with the ringing of the bell. After several pairings of the light and the bell, the dog will

    • No longer salivate when the bell is rung

    • Only salivate when the bell is rung

    • Salivate when the light is flashed

    • Stop salivating when the light is flashed

    • Salivate when the researcher comes into the room

    Correct Answer
    A. Salivate when the light is flashed
    Explanation
    In classical conditioning, an initially neutral stimulus (flashing light) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (ringing bell) that already elicits a response (salivation). Through repeated pairings, the flashing light becomes associated with the bell, and the dog learns to associate the light with the impending presentation of food, which leads to salivation. Therefore, after several pairings of the light and the bell, the dog will start to salivate when the light is flashed.

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  • 15. 

    According to Erik Erikson, the major developmental task during adolescence is to achieve a sense of 

    • Competence

    • Responsibility

    • Integrity

    • Identity

    • Intimacy

    Correct Answer
    A. Identity
    Explanation
    During adolescence, individuals go through a period of self-discovery and exploration, trying to establish their own identity and sense of self. This involves developing a clear understanding of one's values, beliefs, and goals, as well as forming a coherent sense of identity that is consistent with one's own experiences and aspirations. Erik Erikson believed that successfully navigating this stage leads to a strong and stable sense of identity, while failure to do so can result in confusion and a lack of direction in life. Therefore, according to Erikson, the major developmental task during adolescence is to achieve a sense of identity.

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  • 16. 

    Social learning experiments on the modeling of aggresssive behavior have demonstrated that 

    • Children are not affected by watching violence on television

    • Abusive parenting accounts for most children's aggressive acts

    • Children can develop aggressive behavior simply by watching others perform aggressive acts

    • Children's aggressive behavior must be reinforced for it to be repeated

    • Children imitate aggressive behavior seen on television only if the media violence is performed by children

    Correct Answer
    A. Children can develop aggressive behavior simply by watching others perform aggressive acts
    Explanation
    Children can develop aggressive behavior simply by watching others perform aggressive acts. This is supported by social learning experiments on the modeling of aggressive behavior. These experiments have shown that children can learn and imitate aggressive behavior by observing others engaging in such acts, even without any reinforcement or direct involvement. This suggests that exposure to aggressive behavior can have a significant impact on children's behavior and may contribute to the development of aggression in them.

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  • 17. 

    Rogers calls the image of the person you would like to be the 

    • Ego ideal

    • Self archetype

    • Ideal self

    • Reinforced self

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideal self
    Explanation
    The term "Ideal self" refers to the image or concept of the person that an individual aspires to become. It represents the ideal version of oneself, encompassing qualities, traits, and achievements that one desires to possess. This concept aligns with Rogers' belief that individuals have an innate drive towards self-actualization and personal growth. The ideal self serves as a motivational force, guiding individuals towards self-improvement and self-fulfillment.

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  • 18. 

    This man campaigned to make psychology its own separate science and made the first laboratory for psychology research. 

    • G. Stanely Hall

    • B. F. Skinner

    • Sigmund Freud

    • Wilhelm Wundt

    Correct Answer
    A. Wilhelm Wundt
    Explanation
    Wilhelm Wundt is the correct answer because he campaigned to make psychology its own separate science and established the first laboratory for psychology research. He is considered the founder of experimental psychology and his work laid the foundation for the development of modern psychology as a distinct scientific discipline.

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  • 19. 

    Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason's friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent's trombone? 

    • Sensory adaptation

    • Selective attention

    • Perceptual constancy

    • Weber's law

    • Functional fixedness

    Correct Answer
    A. Selective attention
    Explanation
    Selective attention would best allow Jason to hear Brent's trombone. Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information. In this scenario, Jason can use selective attention to focus his auditory attention on Brent's trombone amidst the noise and distractions of the parade. By selectively attending to the sound of the trombone, Jason can effectively hear Brent's performance.

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  • 20. 

    1) If there is a .8 correlation between hand size and brain size, then there is a:

    • A. weak positive correlation

    • B. strong positive correlation

    • C. weak negative correlation

    • D. strong negative correlation

    • E. no correlation

    Correct Answer
    A. B. strong positive correlation
    Explanation
    A correlation coefficient of .8 indicates a strong positive correlation between hand size and brain size. This means that as hand size increases, brain size also tends to increase, and vice versa. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating a stronger positive correlation. Therefore, the correct answer is B. strong positive correlation.

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  • 21. 

    Concerning pure extraversion and pure introversion, it is most accurate to say

    • Person is either one or the other

    • Most people fall somewhere between these extremes

    • These terms were coined by the famous Swiss psychologist, Gordon Allport

    • They represent basic physical traits

    Correct Answer
    A. Most people fall somewhere between these extremes
    Explanation
    Extraversion and introversion are not absolute categories, but rather exist on a spectrum. Most individuals do not fit into the extreme ends of the spectrum and instead exhibit a combination of both traits to varying degrees. This means that most people fall somewhere between pure extraversion and pure introversion.

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  • 22. 

    It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses when lying than when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants? 

    • Most people can avoid detection when they lie

    • Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.

    • A significant number of people show paradoxical autonomic reactions, responding more strongly when telling the truth than when lying.

    • In controlled studies, the polygraph has correctly identified guilty individuals in only a small percentage of cases.

    • The polygraph has been shown to be reliable only in highly emotional cases, such as child abuse and spying.

    Correct Answer
    A. Physiological arousal is much the same for several emotions, so the polygraph cannot always reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.
    Explanation
    The polygraph is not more widely used in courtrooms and in testing of job applicants because physiological arousal, such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration, can occur in response to various emotions, not just guilt. Therefore, the polygraph cannot always accurately distinguish between guilt and other reactions, making it an unreliable method for lie detection.

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  • 23. 

    Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist? 

    • Sigmund Freud

    • Carl Rogers

    • B. F. Skinner

    • John Watson

    Correct Answer
    A. Carl Rogers
    Explanation
    Carl Rogers is considered a humanistic psychologist because he developed the person-centered approach to therapy. He believed that individuals have the ability to reach their full potential and that therapy should focus on providing a supportive and empathetic environment for personal growth and self-discovery. Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness in the therapeutic relationship, allowing clients to explore their feelings and experiences without judgment. His approach revolutionized the field of psychology and contributed significantly to the humanistic perspective.

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  • 24. 

    Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the function of

    • The cones

    • The visual pigments

    • The rods

    • The phosphenes

    Correct Answer
    A. The rods
    Explanation
    The rods are responsible for black and white vision with the greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination. They are photoreceptor cells located in the retina of the eye that are highly sensitive to light. Unlike cones, which are responsible for color vision and function best under bright light conditions, rods are specialized for low-light situations. They allow us to see in dimly lit environments and are crucial for our night vision.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following is primary characteristic of dream sleep?

    • Irregular heart rate and blood pressure

    • Sexual arousal

    • Increased muscle tension

    • Rapid eye movements

    Correct Answer
    A. Rapid eye movements
    Explanation
    During dream sleep, also known as REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the primary characteristic is the occurrence of rapid eye movements. This is a distinct feature of REM sleep and is associated with vivid dreaming. During this stage, the brain is highly active, while the muscles are relaxed, resulting in the rapid movement of the eyes. Other characteristics such as irregular heart rate and blood pressure, sexual arousal, and increased muscle tension are not specific to dream sleep and can occur during other stages of sleep as well.

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  • 26. 

    Ethnocentrism is: 

    • Behavior explained in terms of Psychological processes

    • The mental process involved in acquiring knowledge

    • An emphasis on the unique qualities of humans

    • Viewing ones group as superior and as the standard judging

    Correct Answer
    A. Viewing ones group as superior and as the standard judging
    Explanation
    Ethnocentrism refers to the belief or attitude that one's own ethnic or cultural group is superior to others and should be used as the standard for judging and evaluating others. It involves viewing one's group as superior and often leads to biased judgments and discrimination against other groups. Ethnocentrism can hinder intercultural understanding and cooperation, as it promotes a narrow perspective that disregards the value and diversity of other cultures.

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  • 27. 

    The requirements for control group are: 

    • Random Sampling

    • Random Assignment

    • Results must be due to independent variable

    • All of the Above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the Above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the Above" because all three requirements mentioned - random sampling, random assignment, and results being due to the independent variable - are essential for a control group. Random sampling ensures that the participants in the control group are representative of the population, random assignment helps in distributing potential confounding variables equally among groups, and results being due to the independent variable ensures that any observed effects can be attributed to the treatment or intervention being studied.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is not a part of the Pheripheral Nervous System? 

    • Central Nervous System

    • Somatic Nervous System

    • Autonomic Nervous System

    • Sympathetic Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Central Nervous System
    Explanation
    The central nervous system is not a part of the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic nervous system. The central nervous system, on the other hand, includes the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the peripheral nervous system.

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  • 29. 

    In psychological research, which of the following is most appropriate for identifying cause and effect? 

    • Participant observation

    • Survey methodology

    • Case study

    • Experimentation

    • Correlational techniques

    Correct Answer
    A. Experimentation
    Explanation
    Experimentation is the most appropriate method for identifying cause and effect in psychological research. This method involves manipulating an independent variable and observing its effects on a dependent variable, while controlling for other variables. By randomly assigning participants to different conditions and manipulating the independent variable, researchers can establish a cause and effect relationship. This allows for greater control over extraneous variables and provides stronger evidence for causal claims compared to other methods such as participant observation, survey methodology, case study, or correlational techniques.

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  • 30. 

    The part of the brain that acts as a relay system by monitoring all incoming information and sending it to the correct place

    • Thalamus

    • Medulla

    • Cerebrum

    • Pons

    Correct Answer
    A. Thalamus
    Explanation
    The thalamus is a part of the brain that acts as a relay system by monitoring all incoming information and sending it to the correct place. It receives sensory information from various parts of the body and relays it to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for further processing. The thalamus also plays a role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. It acts as a central hub for sensory information, ensuring that it is properly directed and processed by the brain.

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  • 31. 

    Which form of learning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box? 

    • Classical conditioning

    • Vicarious conditioning

    • Operant conditioning

    • Conditioned emotional responses

    Correct Answer
    A. Operant conditioning
    Explanation
    Operant conditioning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box. A Skinner box is an experimental apparatus used to study the principles of operant conditioning, which involves learning through consequences. In a Skinner box, an animal, usually a rat or a pigeon, is placed inside and is able to interact with the environment. The animal learns to associate its behaviors with rewards or punishments, which in turn affects the frequency of those behaviors. This type of learning focuses on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them.

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  • 32. 

    Secondary reinforcers are

    • Almost never effective

    • Much more effective than primary reinforcers

    • Innate

    • Learned

    Correct Answer
    A. Learned
    Explanation
    Secondary reinforcers are learned because they acquire their reinforcing properties through association with primary reinforcers. Unlike primary reinforcers, which have innate value (such as food or water), secondary reinforcers gain their effectiveness through conditioning and learned associations. For example, money is a secondary reinforcer that has value because it can be exchanged for primary reinforcers like food or shelter. Other examples of secondary reinforcers include praise, tokens, or social approval, which gain their reinforcing properties through learned associations with primary reinforcers.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is classified as a stimulant? 

    • Alcohol

    • Cocaine

    • Marijuana

    • Morphine

    Correct Answer
    A. Cocaine
    Explanation
    Cocaine is classified as a stimulant because it increases activity in the central nervous system, resulting in heightened alertness, increased energy, and elevated mood. It stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, leading to feelings of euphoria. Cocaine also enhances focus and attention while reducing fatigue. Its stimulating effects make it highly addictive and potentially harmful to the body and mind.

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  • 34. 

    An Electroencephalography (EEG) studies the brain by: 

    • Stimulating a portion of the brain with electricity and observing the effects

    • Enhancing or suppressing activity in a particular region of the brain

    • Monitoring electrical activity in the brain

    • Monitoring radioactive chemicals as they flow through the blood into the brain

    Correct Answer
    A. Monitoring electrical activity in the brain
    Explanation
    An Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique used to study the brain by monitoring its electrical activity. This involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect and record the electrical signals produced by the brain. By analyzing these signals, researchers can gain insights into brain function, such as identifying abnormal patterns associated with certain neurological conditions or studying the effects of different stimuli on brain activity. This method does not involve stimulating the brain with electricity or monitoring radioactive chemicals, but rather focuses on observing and analyzing the natural electrical activity of the brain.

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  • 35. 

    They psychoanalytic concept of repression suggests a difficulty in the functioning of which aspect of memory? 

    • Encoding

    • Short-term memory

    • Procedural memory

    • Explicit memory

    • Retrieval

    Correct Answer
    A. Retrieval
    Explanation
    The correct answer is retrieval. The concept of repression in psychoanalysis suggests that certain memories or thoughts are pushed into the unconscious mind and are difficult to retrieve consciously. This means that individuals may have difficulty accessing or recalling these repressed memories. Therefore, the functioning of retrieval, which involves the process of accessing stored information from memory, is affected by repression.

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  • 36. 

    Visual negative afterimages are a result of 

    • Opponent-processes

    • Simultaneous contrast

    • Spatial summation

    • Brightness oversensitivity

    • Color intensity

    Correct Answer
    A. Opponent-processes
    Explanation
    Visual negative afterimages are a result of opponent-processes. Opponent-processes theory suggests that our visual system perceives colors in pairs, such as red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. When we stare at a color for an extended period of time, the cells responsible for detecting that color become fatigued. As a result, when we look away, the cells responsible for the opposing color become more active, creating a negative afterimage. This is why we see a complementary color after staring at a color for a while.

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  • 37. 

    The concepts of functional fixedness refers to the fact that 

    • Experts solve problems intuitively while beginners solve them by trial and error

    • Solutions to problems often occur suddenly after an incubation period

    • Individuals differ in their ability to visualize how objects will appear when rotated in space

    • Individuals often do not see unusual uses or applications for familiar objects

    • Learning under partial reinforcement is very resistant to extinction

    Correct Answer
    A. Individuals often do not see unusual uses or applications for familiar objects
    Explanation
    The concept of functional fixedness refers to the tendency of individuals to only see familiar objects in their usual or intended use, and not consider alternative or unusual uses for them. This means that individuals often do not think creatively or outside of the box when it comes to using familiar objects, limiting their problem-solving abilities.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following sets of numbers has the largest standard deviation? 

    • -2, -1, 0, +1, +2

    • 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, 2.75, 3.00

    • 2, 6, 10, 14, 18

    • 5.756, 5.765, 5.890, 5.895, 5.923

    • 91, 92, 93, 94, 95

    Correct Answer
    A. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18
    Explanation
    The set of numbers 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 has the largest standard deviation because the numbers in this set are more spread out compared to the other sets. The range between each number is larger, resulting in a larger spread of data points from the mean. This leads to a larger standard deviation, which measures the dispersion or variability of the data set.

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  • 39. 

    Jared wants to use the foot-in-the-door technique to try to convince his parents to buy him a car. Which of the following would most clealry demonstrate his correct application of the technique? 

    • He asks his parents for a very expensive truck, and when they refuse, he asks for an economy car.

    • He tells his parents that he will sacrifice half his allowance for a year if they will buy him a car.

    • He asks his parents to buy him a bicycle, and when they agree to do that, he asks them to buy him a car instead.

    • He tells his parents that if they buy him a car, he will wash their car every week and drive his little sister to school.

    • Before asking his parents to buy him a car, he comments on what a fantastic job they have done in raising him.

    Correct Answer
    A. He asks his parents to buy him a bicycle, and when they agree to do that, he asks them to buy him a car instead.
    Explanation
    This answer demonstrates the foot-in-the-door technique because Jared starts by making a small request (asking for a bicycle) that his parents are likely to agree to. Once they agree to this request, he then follows up with a larger request (asking for a car) which is more likely to be granted due to the initial compliance with the smaller request. This technique works by gradually escalating the size of the requests, increasing the likelihood of compliance.

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  • 40. 

    The fact that we see negative afterimages supports which theory of color vision? 

    • Opponent-process

    • Trichromatic

    • Image formation

    • Both opponent-process and trichromatic

    Correct Answer
    A. Opponent-process
    Explanation
    The fact that we see negative afterimages supports the opponent-process theory of color vision. According to this theory, color vision is based on three pairs of opposing color receptors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. When we stare at a color for a prolonged period, the receptors become fatigued and send signals that oppose the original color, resulting in a negative afterimage. This phenomenon suggests that our perception of color is influenced by the interaction between these opposing color receptors.

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  • 41. 

    When asked which of two countries has a larger population, participants are likely to judge the country that is more familiar to them as being more populous. Which of the following best explains this finding? 

    • A means-end analysis

    • The representativeness heuristic

    • The availability heuristic

    • Algorithms

    • Inductive Reasoning

    Correct Answer
    A. The availability heuristic
    Explanation
    The availability heuristic best explains this finding. This heuristic refers to the tendency of individuals to rely on easily accessible information or examples that come to mind when making judgments or decisions. In the context of population size, individuals are more likely to judge a country as having a larger population if they are more familiar with it or if it is more easily accessible in their memory. This can lead to biased judgments, as familiarity does not always correlate with actual population size.

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  • 42. 

    Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name is

    • Wertheimer

    • Washburn

    • Skinner

    • Maslow

    Correct Answer
    A. Maslow
    Explanation
    This statement aligns with the beliefs of Maslow, who proposed the theory of self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs. Maslow argued that individuals have an innate drive to fulfill their potential and strive for personal growth and self-fulfillment. He emphasized the importance of self-actualization and the pursuit of creative and meaningful lives. Therefore, the given statement is consistent with Maslow's views.

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  • 43. 

    A 70-year-old man defines middle age as 50 years of age. A 10-year-old child defines middle age as 35 years of age. Their estimates differ because of 

    • Selective attention

    • Perceptual constancy

    • Perceptual defense

    • Their frame of reference

    Correct Answer
    A. Their frame of reference
    Explanation
    The 70-year-old man and the 10-year-old child have different estimates of middle age because they have different frames of reference. The man's frame of reference is based on his own age and life experiences, while the child's frame of reference is based on his own age and limited life experiences. This difference in perspective leads to their differing definitions of middle age.

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  • 44. 

    __________ is an amino acid that can help people sleep and can be found in a glass of ______________.

    • Teratogen; orange juice

    • Tetracycline; natural sparkling water

    • Tryptophan; milk

    • Thalidomide; wine

    Correct Answer
    A. Tryptophan; milk
    Explanation
    Tryptophan is an amino acid that is known to promote sleep. It is a precursor for the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate sleep and mood. Tryptophan can be found in various food sources, including milk. Milk contains tryptophan, which can help people sleep by increasing the production of serotonin in the brain.

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  • 45. 

    Babies who don't hear normal speech during their first year may have impaired language abilities because of

    • The human genome sequence

    • The language sensitive period

    • The period of motor primacy

    • Genetic abnormalities

    Correct Answer
    A. The language sensitive period
    Explanation
    The language sensitive period refers to a specific developmental stage in a child's life when they are most receptive to acquiring language skills. During this period, which typically occurs during the first year of life, the brain is highly plastic and capable of rapidly absorbing and processing linguistic information. If babies do not hear normal speech during this critical period, their language abilities may be impaired as their brains may not develop the necessary neural connections for language acquisition. Therefore, the language sensitive period provides a plausible explanation for why babies who do not hear normal speech during their first year may have impaired language abilities.

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  • 46. 

    The region of the brain most involved in the experience of emotions is the 

    • Cerebellum

    • Basal Ganglia

    • Limbic System

    • Reticular Activating System

    • Parasympathetic Nervous System

    Correct Answer
    A. Limbic System
    Explanation
    The limbic system is the region of the brain most involved in the experience of emotions. It includes several structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which play crucial roles in processing emotions, forming memories, and regulating physiological responses. The limbic system is responsible for generating emotional responses, such as fear, pleasure, and anger, and also plays a role in motivation and decision-making.

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  • 47. 

    Current research suggest that a sense of self-efficacy is most likely to be associated with 

    • A high degree of social compliance

    • A low threshold for emotional arousal

    • A stable external attributional style

    • An external locus of control

    • An internal locus of control

    Correct Answer
    A. An internal locus of control
    Explanation
    Research suggests that individuals with a high sense of self-efficacy are more likely to have an internal locus of control. This means that they believe they have control over their own actions and outcomes. They are likely to attribute their successes and failures to their own abilities and efforts rather than external factors. This internal locus of control gives them a sense of empowerment and confidence, leading to a higher sense of self-efficacy.

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  • 48. 

    A child who occasionally gets rewarded with candy after asking her grandmother for a 'treat' is being rewarded on a _________ schedule.

    • Fixed ratio

    • Variable ratio

    • Fixed interval

    • Partial interval

    Correct Answer
    A. Variable ratio
    Explanation
    The child in this scenario is being rewarded on a variable ratio schedule. This means that the reward is given after a varying number of requests. The grandmother does not give the child candy every time she asks, but rather after an unpredictable number of requests. This type of schedule is often used to reinforce behaviors that are difficult to extinguish, as the child will continue to ask for treats in the hope of receiving a reward.

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  • 49. 

    The reliability of a test is best indicated by which of the following? 

    • The difficulty of the test for the intended population of test takers

    • The spread of scores on the test

    • The extent to which scores on the test correlate with a different measure of performance

    • The degree to which scores on the test form a normal distribution

    • The consistency of scores on repeated administrations of the test

    Correct Answer
    A. The consistency of scores on repeated administrations of the test
    Explanation
    The reliability of a test is best indicated by the consistency of scores on repeated administrations of the test. This means that if the same test is given to the same group of individuals multiple times, the scores should be consistent and show minimal variability. This indicates that the test is reliable and is measuring the same construct consistently.

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  • Current Version
  • Apr 26, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Apr 16, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Emilyshorey

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