AP Psychology Midterm Review ChAPters 1-8
This review quiz was designed to test your knowledge on chapters one threw eight. The content of the quiz is challenging but not impossible. Have fun!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The tendency to view one's group superior to anotther is called?
- A.
Humanism
- B.
Functionalism
- C.
Behavioral
- D.
Ethnocentrism
- E.
Cognitive
Correct Answer
D. EthnocentrismExplanation
Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency of individuals to view their own ethnic or cultural group as superior to others. This belief often leads to a biased evaluation of other groups' customs, values, and behaviors, based on the standards and norms of one's own group. Ethnocentrism can result in prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between different groups, as it reinforces stereotypes and hinders intercultural understanding and acceptance.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is said to be psychologys intellectual parents?
- A.
Physiology and interpretation
- B.
Physiology and perception
- C.
Preception and interpretation
- D.
Preception and purpose
- E.
Philosophy and physiology
Correct Answer
E. Philosophy and physiologyExplanation
Psychology is said to have its intellectual roots in philosophy and physiology. Philosophy provides the theoretical framework and concepts for understanding the mind and behavior, while physiology contributes to the understanding of the biological processes underlying psychological phenomena. By combining philosophical inquiry with physiological research, psychology emerged as a distinct discipline that seeks to explore and explain human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific investigation?
- A.
Design study
- B.
Formulate connections between variables
- C.
Report findings
- D.
Formulate a hypothesis
- E.
Collect data
Correct Answer
B. Formulate connections between variablesExplanation
Formulating connections between variables is not a step in the scientific investigation. The scientific investigation process typically involves designing a study, formulating a hypothesis, collecting data, analyzing the data, and reporting the findings. Formulating connections between variables is more closely related to data analysis, where researchers examine the relationships between different variables to draw conclusions. However, it is not considered a distinct step in the overall scientific investigation process.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is NOT a flaw in evaluating research?
- A.
Sampling bias
- B.
Response set
- C.
Level of education of experimenter
- D.
Social desirability bias
- E.
Double-blind procedure
Correct Answer
E. Double-blind procedureExplanation
The double-blind procedure is not a flaw in evaluating research; rather, it's a method used to minimize bias in experimental studies. It involves keeping both the participants and the researchers unaware of who is receiving a particular treatment, thereby reducing the potential for bias in the results.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following would show the strongest correlation between two variables?
- A.
-.20
- B.
-.50
- C.
-.90
- D.
0
- E.
-.60
Correct Answer
C. -.90Explanation
A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient of -.90 indicates a very strong negative correlation between the variables. This means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, a correlation coefficient of -.90 shows the strongest correlation between the two variables out of the given options.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex is?
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Thalamus
- C.
Cerebrum
- D.
Medulla
- E.
Spinal cord
Correct Answer
B. ThalamusExplanation
The thalamus is the correct answer because it serves as a relay station for sensory information (except smell) to reach the cerebral cortex. It receives sensory inputs from various parts of the body and relays them to the appropriate areas in the cortex for further processing and interpretation. The thalamus plays a crucial role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness, making it an essential structure in the forebrain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The medulla controls all the following except?
- A.
Circulating blood
- B.
Regulating reflexes
- C.
Stamina
- D.
Breathing
- E.
Muscle tone
Correct Answer
C. StaminaExplanation
The medulla is responsible for controlling various vital functions in the body, such as regulating reflexes, breathing, muscle tone, and circulating blood. However, it does not directly control stamina. Stamina is mainly influenced by factors such as cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and endurance, which are controlled by other systems in the body like the cardiovascular and muscular systems. Therefore, the medulla does not play a direct role in controlling stamina.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Split brain surgery is preformed to prevent which of the following?
- A.
Impaired motor skills
- B.
Epileptic seizures
- C.
Strokes
- D.
Heart attacks
- E.
Concusions
Correct Answer
B. Epileptic seizuresExplanation
Split brain surgery is a procedure performed to prevent epileptic seizures. It involves cutting the corpus callosum, the bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. By severing this connection, the spread of abnormal electrical activity between the hemispheres is reduced, which can help control seizures in individuals with severe epilepsy. This surgery is typically considered when other treatments, such as medication, have failed to effectively manage the seizures.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The ______ lobe is to hearing as the occipital lobe is to vision.
- A.
Parietal
- B.
Cerebellar
- C.
Hindbrain
- D.
Frontal
- E.
Temporal
Correct Answer
E. TemporalExplanation
The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information and is therefore related to hearing, just as the occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and is related to vision.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Sound heard in the left ear is registered?..
- A.
Faster in the right hemisphere
- B.
Only in the right hemisphere
- C.
Both hemispheres at an equal pace
- D.
Faster in the left hemisphere
- E.
Neither
Correct Answer
A. Faster in the right hemisphereExplanation
The correct answer is "faster in the right hemisphere". This is because the auditory information from the left ear is primarily processed in the right hemisphere of the brain. This is due to the crossing of auditory pathways in the brainstem. As a result, sound heard in the left ear reaches the right hemisphere faster than it reaches the left hemisphere.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the human eye?
- A.
Cornea
- B.
Retina
- C.
Soma
- D.
Fovea
- E.
Pupil
Correct Answer
C. SomaExplanation
The soma is not a structure of the human eye. The cornea, retina, fovea, and pupil are all parts of the eye. The cornea is the clear outer layer that helps to focus light. The retina is the inner layer that contains the light-sensitive cells. The fovea is a small depression in the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye. However, the soma is not a component of the eye, but rather refers to the cell body of a neuron.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The neural tissue lining the back of the surface of the eye that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain is?
- A.
Fovea
- B.
Lens
- C.
Pupil
- D.
Iris
- E.
Retina
Correct Answer
E. RetinaExplanation
The correct answer is retina. The retina is a layer of neural tissue located at the back of the eye. It contains specialized cells called photoreceptors that absorb light and convert it into electrical signals. These signals are then processed by other cells in the retina, such as bipolar cells and ganglion cells, before being sent to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina plays a crucial role in vision, as it is responsible for detecting and processing visual information.Rate this question:
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- 13.
All of the following are Gesalt Principles of Perceptual Organization except?
- A.
Similarity
- B.
Proximity
- C.
Continuity
- D.
Perceptual set
- E.
Closure
Correct Answer
D. Perceptual set -
- 14.
Which of the following is NOT assoicated with the EEG pattern of sleep-delta?
- A.
8-12 cps
- B.
Less than 4 cps
- C.
Dreamless sleep
- D.
Slow-wave sleep
- E.
Deep sleep
Correct Answer
A. 8-12 cpsExplanation
The EEG pattern of sleep-delta is characterized by slow-wave activity, with frequencies less than 4 cps. It is associated with deep sleep and dreamless sleep. However, 8-12 cps is not associated with the EEG pattern of sleep-delta.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?
- A.
Low amplitude
- B.
Vivid dreams
- C.
Relatively deep stage of sleep
- D.
Theta waves
- E.
High frequency
Correct Answer
C. Relatively deep stage of sleepExplanation
REM sleep, or Rapid Eye Movement sleep, is actually a lighter stage of sleep characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreams. It's paradoxically named because the brain appears awake, yet the body is deeply relaxed. During REM sleep, brain waves resemble those of wakefulness, indicating a state of heightened brain activity.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that response, it is called?
- A.
Law of effect
- B.
Instrumental learning
- C.
Operant conditioning
- D.
Reinforcement
- E.
Classical conditioning
Correct Answer
D. ReinforcementExplanation
Reinforcement refers to the process in which an event following a response increases the likelihood of that response being repeated. It strengthens the connection between the response and the event, making the organism more likely to engage in the behavior again. This is a fundamental principle in operant conditioning, where behaviors are shaped and modified through the use of positive or negative reinforcement. The other options, such as the law of effect, instrumental learning, and classical conditioning, are related concepts but do not specifically address the increase in response tendency caused by an event.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is false?
- A.
Fixed-ratio is less resistant to extinction
- B.
Extinction is the gradual weakening of a stimulus
- C.
Continuous reinforcement is the most effective
- D.
Acquisition is the intial stage of learning
- E.
Varible-ratio has a higher resistance to extinction
Correct Answer
C. Continuous reinforcement is the most effectiveExplanation
Continuous reinforcement is not the most effective form of reinforcement. Continuous reinforcement involves reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs, which can lead to rapid learning but is also more susceptible to extinction. On the other hand, intermittent reinforcement, such as variable-ratio reinforcement, where the behavior is reinforced only occasionally, has been found to be more resistant to extinction and therefore more effective in maintaining the behavior over time.Rate this question:
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- 18.
When an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some aversive stimulation, it is called?
- A.
Escape learning
- B.
Negitive reinforcement
- C.
Positive reinforcement
- D.
Punishment
- E.
Avoidance learning
Correct Answer
A. Escape learningExplanation
Escape learning refers to the acquisition of a response that allows an organism to decrease or terminate aversive stimulation. In this process, the organism learns to escape from or avoid the unpleasant or aversive stimulus. This is different from avoidance learning, where the organism learns to avoid the aversive stimulus altogether. Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment are all forms of operant conditioning, but they do not specifically involve the acquisition of a response to escape aversive stimulation. Therefore, escape learning is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Classical conditioning was deeply influenced by which of the following?
- A.
B.F Skinner
- B.
Albert Bandura
- C.
Wilhelm Wundt
- D.
William James
- E.
Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer
E. Ivan PavlovExplanation
Classical conditioning was deeply influenced by Ivan Pavlov. He conducted experiments with dogs, where he paired a neutral stimulus (a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food), which elicited an unconditioned response (salivation). Over time, the dogs learned to associate the bell with the food, and the bell alone started to elicit a conditioned response (salivation). Pavlov's work laid the foundation for understanding how associations between stimuli and responses can be learned and formed, which is the basis of classical conditioning.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Continued rehearsal of material after you mastered it is referred to as?
- A.
Acronym
- B.
Overlearning
- C.
Rehearsal
- D.
Mnemonic device
- E.
Link method
Correct Answer
B. OverlearningExplanation
Overlearning refers to the practice of continuing to rehearse and review material even after it has been mastered. This process helps to reinforce and solidify the learning, ensuring that the information is retained for a longer period of time. By repeatedly going over the material, it becomes more deeply ingrained in memory and is less likely to be forgotten. Overlearning is particularly useful for complex or important information that needs to be retained over the long term.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following is NOT a method of encoding?
- A.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
- B.
Attention
- C.
Visual imagery
- D.
Elaboration
- E.
Levels of processing
Correct Answer
A. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon -
- 22.
Pseudoforgetting refers to?
- A.
Forgetting relevent information
- B.
Forgetting material just learned
- C.
Forgetting vivid details of childhood years
- D.
The phenonenon that you cant forget material you never learned
- E.
Needing help to remember past memories
Correct Answer
D. The phenonenon that you cant forget material you never learnedExplanation
Pseudoforgetting refers to the phenomenon where one is unable to forget information that was never learned or encoded in the first place. It is a term used to describe the inability to recall or remember something that was never properly stored in memory. This can happen when the information was not paid attention to or when the encoding process was disrupted. Pseudoforgetting is different from regular forgetting, where information that was previously learned is gradually lost over time.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A heuristic is?
- A.
A flash of insight
- B.
Functional fixedness
- C.
A guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in problem solving
- D.
Mental set
- E.
Solved through fast mapping
Correct Answer
C. A guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in problem solvingExplanation
A heuristic is a guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in problem solving. It is a mental shortcut that helps us make quick decisions or judgments based on limited information or previous experiences. Heuristics are often used when there is not enough time or resources to gather all the necessary information or analyze the problem thoroughly. They can be helpful in simplifying complex problems and finding solutions more efficiently, but they can also lead to biases and errors in judgment.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Problem space refers to?
- A.
The technique to finding a specific answer to a math problem
- B.
A system to solving a problem in a specific location
- C.
The space on the paper where a problem is found
- D.
Not being able to solve a problem in a certain area
- E.
The set of possible pathways to a solution
Correct Answer
E. The set of possible pathways to a solutionExplanation
The problem space refers to the set of possible pathways to a solution. It encompasses all the potential approaches, strategies, and methods that can be used to solve a problem. It is not limited to a specific location or the physical space on a paper where the problem is found. Rather, it encompasses the entire range of options and potential solutions that can be explored in order to reach the desired outcome.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Research indicates bilingualism has a negitive effect on?
- A.
Religious belief
- B.
Problem solving
- C.
Memory storage
- D.
Language devolpment
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The research suggests that bilingualism does not have a negative effect on any of the mentioned factors such as religious belief, problem solving, memory storage, or language development. This means that being bilingual does not necessarily hinder these aspects, implying that bilingual individuals can still have strong religious beliefs, effective problem-solving skills, good memory storage abilities, and normal language development.Rate this question:
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Feb 07, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Jan 24, 2010Quiz Created by
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