Psychology Quiz Chapters 1-8
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What term is used to describe a systematic observation of one's own conscious experience?
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Cognition
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Observationalism
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Behaviorism
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Structuralism
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Introspection
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This is an extra credit assignment for Mr. Mohl's A. P. Psychology class to create a 25 question quiz on chapters 1-8.
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- 2.
Martin Seligman launched the movement of positive psychology, which...
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Emphasizes the unique qualities of human behavior
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Uses theory and research to better understand positive aspects of humans
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Focused on the qualities of animal research
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Focuses on the unconscious
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Stressed humans potential for freedom and growth.
Correct Answer
A. Uses theory and research to better understand positive aspects of humansExplanation
Martin Seligman launched the movement of positive psychology, which focuses on using theory and research to better understand the positive aspects of humans. This means that instead of solely focusing on psychological disorders and negative aspects of human behavior, positive psychology aims to study and enhance the positive qualities, strengths, and potential for growth in individuals. It seeks to promote well-being, happiness, and flourishing by exploring topics such as positive emotions, resilience, optimism, and personal strengths.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When a subject's expectations cause them to experience change although given fake/empty treatment, this is known as...
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A sampling bias
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Deception
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Experimenter bias
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A placebo affect
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Causation
Correct Answer
A. A placebo affectExplanation
The correct answer is "A placebo effect." This refers to the phenomenon where a subject experiences a perceived improvement in their condition or symptoms due to receiving a fake or inactive treatment, simply because they believe it will work. The subject's expectations and beliefs play a significant role in this effect, causing them to experience a change despite not receiving any actual treatment.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Name this process: A manipulation of one variable under controlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can be observed.
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Experiment
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Research
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Survey
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Correlation
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Variations
Correct Answer
A. ExperimentExplanation
An experiment is a process where one variable is manipulated under controlled conditions to observe the resulting changes in another variable. This allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. By controlling the conditions and variables involved, experiments provide a reliable way to study the impact of independent variables on dependent variables.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Whats a reason that researchers should not be permitted to use animals in harmful/painful procedures?
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The animals may be a struggle to work with and observe
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Animals can not take surveys
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Costs too much money
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Animals are cute
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Animals are entitled to the same rights as humans
Correct Answer
A. Animals are entitled to the same rights as humansExplanation
Animals are entitled to the same rights as humans because they are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and suffering. Just like humans, animals deserve to be treated with respect and compassion. Using animals in harmful or painful procedures goes against their rights and ethical considerations. It is important to find alternative methods that do not involve animal experimentation and prioritize their well-being.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which methods of brain function can provide precise images of brain structure?
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CT scans and MRI scans
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EEG's and PET scans
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PET scans and lesioning
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EEG and lesioning
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Electrical stimulation of the brain and EEG's
Correct Answer
A. CT scans and MRI scansExplanation
CT scans and MRI scans are imaging techniques that can provide precise images of brain structure. CT scans use X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the brain, while MRI scans use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the brain's soft tissues. These methods can help identify abnormalities, tumors, or structural changes in the brain, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning. EEG's, PET scans, lesioning, and electrical stimulation of the brain do not directly provide precise images of brain structure.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the function of the cerebrum?
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Contributes to emotion, memory, and motivation
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Controls body's balance
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Controls muscle movement
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Handles complex mental activities
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Controls sensory cortex
Correct Answer
A. Handles complex mental activitiesExplanation
The cerebrum is responsible for handling complex mental activities. It is the largest part of the brain and is involved in functions such as thinking, problem-solving, reasoning, and decision-making. It also plays a role in memory, emotion, and motivation. The other options mentioned, such as controlling the body's balance, muscle movement, and sensory cortex, are functions of other parts of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of sleep?
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Norepinephrine
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Acetylcholine
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Dopamine
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GABA
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Serotonin
Correct Answer
A. SerotoninExplanation
Serotonin is the correct answer because it is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep. Serotonin helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle by promoting wakefulness during the day and promoting sleep at night. It helps to regulate the timing and duration of sleep, as well as the quality of sleep. Serotonin also influences other sleep-related processes such as mood, appetite, and body temperature. Therefore, serotonin is closely involved in the regulation of sleep.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which neurotransmitter consists of abnormal levels linked to schizophrenia with circuits activated by cocaine and amphetamines?
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Dopamine
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Serotonin
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GABA
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Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
A. DopamineExplanation
Dopamine is the correct answer because it is a neurotransmitter that has been found to have abnormal levels in individuals with schizophrenia. Additionally, circuits in the brain that are activated by cocaine and amphetamines are also associated with dopamine.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What type of research method compares trait resemblance of identical and fraternal twins?
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Family studies
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Adoption studies
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Twin Studies
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Genetic mapping
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Trait tracking
Correct Answer
A. Twin StudiesExplanation
Twin Studies compare the trait resemblance of identical and fraternal twins. Identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, while fraternal twins share only 50% on average. By comparing the similarity of traits between these two types of twins, researchers can determine the extent to which genetics contribute to a particular trait or characteristic. This method helps in understanding the role of genes in various aspects such as behavior, intelligence, and susceptibility to diseases.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which part of the eye focuses light rays falling on the retina?
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Lens
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Pupil
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Iris
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Cone
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Fovea
Correct Answer
A. LensExplanation
The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light rays onto the retina. It adjusts its shape to bend the light and ensure that it converges on the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. This process allows for clear and sharp vision. The pupil, iris, cone, and fovea are all important parts of the eye, but they do not directly focus the light onto the retina.Rate this question:
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- 12.
_________ plays a key role in night and peripheral vision.
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Cones
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Detectors
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Amplitude
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Rods
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Receptive field
Correct Answer
A. RodsExplanation
Rods play a key role in night and peripheral vision. Unlike cones, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity in bright light, rods are more sensitive to low levels of light and are responsible for our ability to see in dimly lit environments. They are concentrated in the peripheral areas of the retina, allowing us to detect motion and objects in our peripheral vision. Therefore, rods are essential for our ability to see in low light conditions and to be aware of our surroundings beyond the central field of vision.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Rods greatly outnumber
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Cones
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Eyes
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Cells
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Wavelengths
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Purity
Correct Answer
A. Cones -
- 14.
The drug heroin is a
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Stimulant
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Sedative
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Narcotic
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Hallucinogen
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Antibiotic
Correct Answer
A. NarcoticExplanation
Heroin is classified as a narcotic because it is derived from opium and has strong analgesic properties. It acts on the central nervous system, depressing pain perception and inducing a state of euphoria. It is highly addictive and can cause severe physical and psychological dependence. Heroin is illegal in most countries due to its harmful effects and potential for abuse.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The sleep problem narcolepsy
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Involves frequent gasping for air during sleep
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Can be caused by drug usage
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Is when one wanders about while asleep
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Is marked by sudden/irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods.
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Happens when one does not get enough sleep
Correct Answer
A. Is marked by sudden/irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods.Explanation
The correct answer is "Is marked by sudden/irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods." This is because narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day, even after getting enough sleep at night. It is not related to frequent gasping for air during sleep, drug usage, or wandering about while asleep.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is extinction?
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It is when a stimulus is conditioned by being paired with an existing conditioned stimulus.
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It occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response goes away
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A stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus fails to evoke a conditioned response.
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When a new stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.
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When conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired.
Correct Answer
A. It occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response goes awayExplanation
Extinction refers to the process in which the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the disappearance or weakening of the conditioned response. This means that the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is broken, leading to the eventual decline or elimination of the conditioned response.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which psychologist (besides Skinner) was for the idea of operant conditioning?
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Thorndike
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Chomsky
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Freud
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John Watson
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Mr. Mohl
Correct Answer
A. John WatsonExplanation
John Watson was a psychologist who supported the idea of operant conditioning. He believed that behavior is learned through the consequences that follow it, such as rewards and punishments. Watson conducted experiments on animals and humans to demonstrate the principles of operant conditioning. He is known for his famous "Little Albert" experiment, where he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud noise. Watson's work greatly influenced the field of behaviorism and the understanding of how behavior is shaped and modified through conditioning.Rate this question:
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- 18.
______ increases the likelihood of a behavior
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Reinforcement
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Disciplining
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Hypnotizing
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Praising
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Punishment
Correct Answer
A. ReinforcementExplanation
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a consequence that strengthens the behavior. It can be positive reinforcement, where a desirable stimulus is presented after the behavior, or negative reinforcement, where an aversive stimulus is removed after the behavior. Both types of reinforcement aim to increase the probability of the behavior occurring again in the future. Disciplining, hypnotizing, and punishment, on the other hand, are more likely to decrease the likelihood of a behavior by providing negative consequences or aversive stimuli. Praising, although a positive action, may not necessarily increase the likelihood of a behavior as reinforcement does.Rate this question:
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- 19.
_______ decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
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Reinforcement
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Negativity
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Punishment
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The skinner box
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Discipline
Correct Answer
A. PunishmentExplanation
Punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior. It involves the application of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant stimulus to discourage the behavior from recurring. Unlike reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of a behavior, punishment aims to suppress or eliminate undesirable behaviors by associating them with negative consequences. This can be done through various methods such as reprimands, fines, or time-outs.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the term used to describe a classification system among common properties of items?
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Semantic processing
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Linking system
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Retrieval
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Conceptual hierarchy
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Semantic network
Correct Answer
A. Conceptual hierarchyExplanation
Conceptual hierarchy is the term used to describe a classification system among common properties of items. It refers to the organization of concepts or ideas into a hierarchical structure, where more general categories are at the top and more specific categories are at the bottom. This system allows for the grouping and organization of related items based on their shared characteristics, making it easier to understand and navigate complex information.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Antrograde Amnesia affects memories that were encoded...
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During amnesia
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Before onset of amnesia
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When someone does not know why they are able to recall certain information
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When one randomly cannot remember anything.
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After onset of amnesia
Correct Answer
A. After onset of amnesiaExplanation
Antrograde Amnesia affects memories that were encoded after the onset of amnesia. This means that the person is unable to form new memories or remember events that occurred after the amnesia started. The memories that were encoded before the onset of amnesia are typically still intact.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Retrograde amnesia affects memories that were encoded...
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After onset of amnesia
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Prior to onset of amnesia
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When remembering events from the past of previously learned information
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When someone does not know why they are able to recall certain information
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When one randomly cannot remember anything.
Correct Answer
A. Prior to onset of amnesiaExplanation
Retrograde amnesia is a type of memory loss that affects memories that were encoded prior to the onset of amnesia. This means that individuals with retrograde amnesia have difficulty recalling events or information that occurred before the onset of their memory impairment. It does not refer to the ability to remember events from the past or previously learned information after the onset of amnesia. Therefore, the correct answer is "Prior to onset of amnesia."Rate this question:
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- 23.
Who believes that children acquire knowledge through imitation, reinforcement, and other aspects of learning and experience?
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B. F. Skinner
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Freud
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Chomsky
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Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
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Miller
Correct Answer
A. B. F. SkinnerExplanation
B. F. Skinner believed that children acquire knowledge through imitation, reinforcement, and other aspects of learning and experience. Skinner was a behaviorist who emphasized the role of the environment in shaping behavior. He believed that children learn by observing and imitating others, and that their behavior is reinforced or punished based on the consequences they experience. This theory of learning, known as operant conditioning, suggests that children learn through a process of trial and error, where behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is bilingualism?
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Learning more than one language
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Being able to communicate with other species
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Being raised to speak one language
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Not being able to speak.
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The act of learning to pronounce words
Correct Answer
A. Learning more than one languageExplanation
Bilingualism refers to the ability to speak and understand two languages fluently. It involves the process of learning and acquiring proficiency in more than one language, allowing individuals to communicate effectively in both languages. This can be achieved through various methods such as formal education, immersion programs, or growing up in a multilingual environment. Bilingualism is not limited to any specific age group or language combination, and it offers numerous cognitive, cultural, and social benefits to individuals who possess this skill.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is the term for the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use?
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Mental set
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Bilingualism
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Trial and error
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Functional fixedness
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Heuristic
Correct Answer
A. Functional fixednessExplanation
Functional fixedness refers to the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use. This means that individuals have difficulty thinking outside the box and using an object in a way that is different from its intended purpose. For example, if someone only sees a hammer as a tool for driving nails, they may struggle to think of other creative ways to use it. This cognitive bias can limit problem-solving abilities and hinder creativity.Rate this question:
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