Z3DX5X UREs Volume 2

1. 216) Which network provides a private tunnel through the Internet?

A. Local area network (LAN).

B. Wide area network (WAN).

C. Virtual private network (VPN).

D. Metropolitan area network (MAN).

A virtual private network (VPN) provides a private tunnel through the Internet. It allows users to securely connect to a private network over a public network, such as the Internet. This ensures that data transmitted between the user's device and the private network is encrypted and protected from unauthorized access. VPNs are commonly used by individuals and organizations to access resources on a private network remotely, while maintaining the security and privacy of their data.

Explanation

A virtual private network (VPN) provides a private tunnel through the Internet. It allows users to securely connect to a private network over a public network, such as the Internet. This ensures that data transmitted between the user's device and the private network is encrypted and protected from unauthorized access. VPNs are commonly used by individuals and organizations to access resources on a private network remotely, while maintaining the security and privacy of their data.

2. (215) Which device optically reads an image, printed text, or an object and converts it to a digital image?

A. Printer.

B. Scanner.

C. Monitor.

D. Camera lens.

A scanner is a device that optically reads an image, printed text, or an object and converts it to a digital image. It uses a combination of sensors and light to capture the image or text and then converts it into a digital format that can be stored or manipulated on a computer. Unlike a printer, which produces physical copies of digital images or text, a scanner takes physical copies and converts them into digital files. A monitor is a display device, and a camera lens is a part of a camera, neither of which directly convert physical images or text into digital format.

Explanation

A scanner is a device that optically reads an image, printed text, or an object and converts it to a digital image. It uses a combination of sensors and light to capture the image or text and then converts it into a digital format that can be stored or manipulated on a computer. Unlike a printer, which produces physical copies of digital images or text, a scanner takes physical copies and converts them into digital files. A monitor is a display device, and a camera lens is a part of a camera, neither of which directly convert physical images or text into digital format.

3. (233) Which network supports unclassified e-mail service to the user?

A. Secret Internet Protocol (IP) Data or Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET).

B. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET).

C. Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) IP Data.

D. Top Secret/Secret Compartmentalized Information (TS/SCI) IP Data.

The correct answer is b. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET). This network supports unclassified e-mail service to the user. The SBU IP Data or NIPRNET is used for transmitting unclassified information within the Department of Defense (DoD) and other government agencies. It provides a non-secure means of communication for routine and non-sensitive information.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET). This network supports unclassified e-mail service to the user. The SBU IP Data or NIPRNET is used for transmitting unclassified information within the Department of Defense (DoD) and other government agencies. It provides a non-secure means of communication for routine and non-sensitive information.

4. (224) What characteristic is not an advantage of fiber optic cable?

A. Cost to install and train technicians.

B. Electromagnetic immunity.

C. Low attenuation.

D. Security.

Fiber optic cable has several advantages, including electromagnetic immunity, low attenuation, and security. However, one characteristic that is not an advantage is the cost to install and train technicians. Fiber optic cables require specialized equipment and expertise for installation and maintenance, which can be expensive. Additionally, training technicians to work with fiber optic cables can also be costly. Therefore, the cost to install and train technicians is not a benefit of fiber optic cable.

Explanation

Fiber optic cable has several advantages, including electromagnetic immunity, low attenuation, and security. However, one characteristic that is not an advantage is the cost to install and train technicians. Fiber optic cables require specialized equipment and expertise for installation and maintenance, which can be expensive. Additionally, training technicians to work with fiber optic cables can also be costly. Therefore, the cost to install and train technicians is not a benefit of fiber optic cable.

5. (208) What network topology is another name for a bus topology?

A. Star.

B. Ring.

C. Loop.

D. Linear.

A bus topology is a network configuration in which all devices are connected to a single cable called a bus. This type of topology is also known as a linear topology because the devices are arranged in a linear manner along the bus. Each device on the network can transmit data to all other devices on the bus, making it a simple and cost-effective solution for small networks. The other options, star, ring, and loop, refer to different network topologies that have different configurations and characteristics.

Explanation

A bus topology is a network configuration in which all devices are connected to a single cable called a bus. This type of topology is also known as a linear topology because the devices are arranged in a linear manner along the bus. Each device on the network can transmit data to all other devices on the bus, making it a simple and cost-effective solution for small networks. The other options, star, ring, and loop, refer to different network topologies that have different configurations and characteristics.

6. (201) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a part of the United States Department of

A. Commerce.

B. the Treasury.

C. Defense.

D. Labor.

The correct answer is d. Labor. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a regulatory agency that is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Labor, which is responsible for protecting workers' rights and promoting fair and safe working conditions. The Department of Commerce, the Treasury, and Defense do not have direct involvement in workplace safety and health regulations.

Explanation

The correct answer is d. Labor. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a regulatory agency that is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Labor, which is responsible for protecting workers' rights and promoting fair and safe working conditions. The Department of Commerce, the Treasury, and Defense do not have direct involvement in workplace safety and health regulations.

7. (203) What action should you take first when you encounter a fire?

A. Evacuate personnel from the building.

B. Extinguish the fire if possible.

C. Call the fire department.

D. Sound the fire alarm.

The first action to take when encountering a fire is to sound the fire alarm. This is crucial because it alerts everyone in the building to the emergency, allowing them to evacuate quickly and safely. By sounding the alarm, you are taking immediate action to ensure the safety of all personnel. Evacuating personnel, extinguishing the fire, and calling the fire department are important steps to follow, but they should be done after the fire alarm has been sounded.

Explanation

The first action to take when encountering a fire is to sound the fire alarm. This is crucial because it alerts everyone in the building to the emergency, allowing them to evacuate quickly and safely. By sounding the alarm, you are taking immediate action to ensure the safety of all personnel. Evacuating personnel, extinguishing the fire, and calling the fire department are important steps to follow, but they should be done after the fire alarm has been sounded.

8. (228) Which computer software is designed to collect personal information about users without their informed consent?

A. Malware.

B. Spyware.

C. Adware.

D. Trojans.

Spyware is a type of computer software that is specifically designed to collect personal information about users without their informed consent. It can be installed on a computer without the user's knowledge and can track their online activities, gather sensitive information such as passwords and credit card details, and send this data to third parties. Unlike adware, which displays unwanted advertisements, spyware focuses on gathering personal data covertly. Malware, adware, and Trojans may also pose security risks, but they do not specifically target personal information collection like spyware does.

Explanation

Spyware is a type of computer software that is specifically designed to collect personal information about users without their informed consent. It can be installed on a computer without the user's knowledge and can track their online activities, gather sensitive information such as passwords and credit card details, and send this data to third parties. Unlike adware, which displays unwanted advertisements, spyware focuses on gathering personal data covertly. Malware, adware, and Trojans may also pose security risks, but they do not specifically target personal information collection like spyware does.

9. (216) Which wireless local area network (WLAN) security method is best described as hiding a message in a special code?

A. Service set identifier (SSID) Broadcasting.

B. Media access control (MAC) Filtering.

C. Encryption.

D. Tunneling.

Encryption is the best method described as hiding a message in a special code. Encryption is the process of converting plain text into cipher text using an algorithm and a key. The cipher text can only be decrypted back into plain text by someone who has the correct key. This ensures that unauthorized users cannot understand the message even if they intercept it. Encryption is commonly used in WLANs to secure data transmission and protect against eavesdropping and unauthorized access.

Explanation

Encryption is the best method described as hiding a message in a special code. Encryption is the process of converting plain text into cipher text using an algorithm and a key. The cipher text can only be decrypted back into plain text by someone who has the correct key. This ensures that unauthorized users cannot understand the message even if they intercept it. Encryption is commonly used in WLANs to secure data transmission and protect against eavesdropping and unauthorized access.

10. (203) What hazard is the greatest in the typical office?

A. Falls.

B. Poor lighting.

C. Horseplay.

D. Poor ergonomics.

The greatest hazard in a typical office is falls. This can include slips, trips, and falls due to wet floors, uneven surfaces, or cluttered walkways. Falls can result in serious injuries such as fractures or head trauma. It is important for employers to maintain a safe working environment by keeping walkways clear, providing proper lighting, and implementing measures to prevent falls, such as installing handrails and using non-slip mats.

Explanation

The greatest hazard in a typical office is falls. This can include slips, trips, and falls due to wet floors, uneven surfaces, or cluttered walkways. Falls can result in serious injuries such as fractures or head trauma. It is important for employers to maintain a safe working environment by keeping walkways clear, providing proper lighting, and implementing measures to prevent falls, such as installing handrails and using non-slip mats.

11. (212) What range of numbers are those of well know port numbers?

A. 0–1023.

. 1024–49151.

C. 49152–65535.

D. 65536–87000.

Well-known port numbers range from 0 to 1023. These port numbers are assigned to commonly used services and protocols such as HTTP (port 80), FTP (port 21), and SSH (port 22). These ports are reserved for specific purposes and are well-known within the networking community.

Explanation

Well-known port numbers range from 0 to 1023. These port numbers are assigned to commonly used services and protocols such as HTTP (port 80), FTP (port 21), and SSH (port 22). These ports are reserved for specific purposes and are well-known within the networking community.

12. (201) Whose responsibility is to advise commanders, function managers, supervisors and workers on safety matters on an Air Force installation?

A. Air Staff.

B. Civil Engineering.

C. Squadron commander.

D. Installation safety office.

The responsibility of advising commanders, function managers, supervisors, and workers on safety matters on an Air Force installation lies with the Installation safety office. They are specifically designated to provide guidance and support in ensuring the safety of personnel and operations within the installation.

Explanation

The responsibility of advising commanders, function managers, supervisors, and workers on safety matters on an Air Force installation lies with the Installation safety office. They are specifically designated to provide guidance and support in ensuring the safety of personnel and operations within the installation.

13. (204) Which action is not a part of risk management (RM)?

A. Accept no unnecessary risk.

B. Make risk decisions at the appropriate level.

C. Apply the process irregularly and continuously.

D. Integrate RM into operations and planning at all levels.

Risk management involves systematically identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, and then implementing strategies to mitigate or manage those risks. Applying the process irregularly and continuously would contradict the principles of risk management, as it should be consistently and regularly applied to ensure the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies.

Explanation

Risk management involves systematically identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, and then implementing strategies to mitigate or manage those risks. Applying the process irregularly and continuously would contradict the principles of risk management, as it should be consistently and regularly applied to ensure the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies.

14. (216) Which network is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area?

A. Local area network (LAN).

B. Wide area network (WAN).

C. Virtual private network (VPN).

D. Metropolitan area network (MAN).

A local area network (LAN) is a network of computers and devices that are connected to a common communications line and share resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area. This type of network is typically used in homes, offices, or schools where the computers and devices are in close proximity to each other. LANs allow for the sharing of files, printers, and internet connections, making it easier for users to collaborate and communicate with each other.

Explanation

A local area network (LAN) is a network of computers and devices that are connected to a common communications line and share resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area. This type of network is typically used in homes, offices, or schools where the computers and devices are in close proximity to each other. LANs allow for the sharing of files, printers, and internet connections, making it easier for users to collaborate and communicate with each other.

15. (201) What action is the purpose of the Mishap Prevention Program?

A. Prevent the use of unsafe equipment.

B. Protect personnel from the effects of unsafe practices.

C. Prevent personnel from overusing risk management practices.

D. Protect resources and personnel from damage, loss, injury, and or death.

The purpose of the Mishap Prevention Program is to protect resources and personnel from damage, loss, injury, and or death. This program aims to prevent accidents, incidents, and mishaps that could result in harm or negative consequences. By implementing safety measures, conducting risk assessments, and promoting safe practices, the program seeks to minimize the potential for accidents and protect both the physical assets and the well-being of individuals involved.

Explanation

The purpose of the Mishap Prevention Program is to protect resources and personnel from damage, loss, injury, and or death. This program aims to prevent accidents, incidents, and mishaps that could result in harm or negative consequences. By implementing safety measures, conducting risk assessments, and promoting safe practices, the program seeks to minimize the potential for accidents and protect both the physical assets and the well-being of individuals involved.

16. (211) What portion of the Internet Protocol (IP) Datagram (packet) allows IP to detect datagrams with corrupted headers and discard them?

A. Version Identification.

B. Header Checksum.

C. Time to Live.

D. Flags.

The correct answer is b. Header Checksum. The header checksum is a field in the IP datagram that allows IP to detect datagrams with corrupted headers. It is a simple mathematical calculation performed on the header data, and the result is included in the header. When the receiving device receives the datagram, it recalculates the checksum and compares it to the one in the header. If they don't match, it indicates that the header has been corrupted during transmission, and the datagram is discarded. This helps to ensure the integrity of the IP datagram headers.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Header Checksum. The header checksum is a field in the IP datagram that allows IP to detect datagrams with corrupted headers. It is a simple mathematical calculation performed on the header data, and the result is included in the header. When the receiving device receives the datagram, it recalculates the checksum and compares it to the one in the header. If they don't match, it indicates that the header has been corrupted during transmission, and the datagram is discarded. This helps to ensure the integrity of the IP datagram headers.

17. (208) What topology offers centralized management of a network?

A. Bus.

B. Star.

C. Ring.

D. Radial.

The star topology offers centralized management of a network. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This central hub acts as a central point of control and allows for easy monitoring and management of the network. Any changes or updates can be made at the central hub, making it a convenient and efficient topology for network management.

Explanation

The star topology offers centralized management of a network. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This central hub acts as a central point of control and allows for easy monitoring and management of the network. Any changes or updates can be made at the central hub, making it a convenient and efficient topology for network management.

18. (219) Which device works as a transceiver that converts the electrical signal utilized in copper unshielded twisted pair (UTP) network cabling to light waves used for fiber optic cabling.

A. Media converter.

B. Modem.

C. Switch.

D. Router.

A media converter is a device that converts the electrical signal used in copper UTP network cabling to light waves used for fiber optic cabling. This conversion is necessary because copper UTP cables use electrical signals to transmit data, while fiber optic cables use light waves. The media converter acts as a transceiver, receiving the electrical signal from the UTP cable and converting it into light waves to be transmitted through the fiber optic cable. This allows for the integration of different types of network cabling and enables communication between devices using different cable types.

Explanation

A media converter is a device that converts the electrical signal used in copper UTP network cabling to light waves used for fiber optic cabling. This conversion is necessary because copper UTP cables use electrical signals to transmit data, while fiber optic cables use light waves. The media converter acts as a transceiver, receiving the electrical signal from the UTP cable and converting it into light waves to be transmitted through the fiber optic cable. This allows for the integration of different types of network cabling and enables communication between devices using different cable types.

19. (203) How are fires classified?

A. Fuel type.

B. Heat source.

C. Temperature.

D. Atmospheric conditions.

Fires are classified based on the type of fuel they burn. Different types of fuel, such as wood, paper, or gasoline, produce different types of fires with varying characteristics. Understanding the fuel type is crucial in determining the appropriate firefighting techniques and strategies to control and extinguish the fire effectively. The classification helps in identifying the potential hazards, predicting fire behavior, and selecting the appropriate firefighting equipment and agents.

Explanation

Fires are classified based on the type of fuel they burn. Different types of fuel, such as wood, paper, or gasoline, produce different types of fires with varying characteristics. Understanding the fuel type is crucial in determining the appropriate firefighting techniques and strategies to control and extinguish the fire effectively. The classification helps in identifying the potential hazards, predicting fire behavior, and selecting the appropriate firefighting equipment and agents.

20. (203) Fuels that are normally classified as A or B will change to what classification if an electric current is introduced?

A. Class A.

B. Class B.

C. Class C.

D. Class D.

When an electric current is introduced to fuels that are normally classified as A or B, they will change to Class C. This is because Class C fuels are flammable liquids that can conduct electricity. The introduction of an electric current can cause these fuels to become conductive and increase the risk of fire or explosion. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Class C.

Explanation

When an electric current is introduced to fuels that are normally classified as A or B, they will change to Class C. This is because Class C fuels are flammable liquids that can conduct electricity. The introduction of an electric current can cause these fuels to become conductive and increase the risk of fire or explosion. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Class C.

21. (208) What negative effect could occur when star networks are interconnected?

A. There are no negative effects.

B. A fault in network cabling will disrupt all communication.

C. Performance will suffer due to the load of the additional devices.

D. When the central node point fails, large portions of the network become isolated.

When star networks are interconnected, they rely on a central node point to manage communication between the different networks. If this central node point fails, it can result in large portions of the network becoming isolated. This means that communication between those isolated portions and the rest of the network would be disrupted, leading to a negative effect on the overall network connectivity.

Explanation

When star networks are interconnected, they rely on a central node point to manage communication between the different networks. If this central node point fails, it can result in large portions of the network becoming isolated. This means that communication between those isolated portions and the rest of the network would be disrupted, leading to a negative effect on the overall network connectivity.

22. (230) Which event is not a valid reason to change the combination on a container storing classified materials?

A. When it is placed in service.

B. When it is removed from service.

C. When the storage container has been cleaned.

D. When compromise of the combination is suspected.

Changing the combination on a container storing classified materials is necessary when there is a potential compromise of security. Placing the container in service and removing it from service are valid reasons to change the combination as it ensures that only authorized personnel have access to the materials. However, cleaning the storage container does not pose a security risk or compromise the combination, so it is not a valid reason to change it.

Explanation

Changing the combination on a container storing classified materials is necessary when there is a potential compromise of security. Placing the container in service and removing it from service are valid reasons to change the combination as it ensures that only authorized personnel have access to the materials. However, cleaning the storage container does not pose a security risk or compromise the combination, so it is not a valid reason to change it.

23. (203) What step is the fourth in the firefighting procedure?

A. Evacuate personnel from the building.

B. Extinguish the fire if possible.

C. Call the fire department.

D. Sound the fire alarm.

The fourth step in the firefighting procedure is to extinguish the fire if possible. This step involves using appropriate firefighting equipment and techniques to try and put out the fire. It is important to prioritize the safety of personnel and evacuate them from the building before attempting to extinguish the fire. Calling the fire department should be done earlier in the procedure to ensure professional assistance is on the way. Sounding the fire alarm is typically done at the beginning of the procedure to alert everyone in the building of the emergency.

Explanation

The fourth step in the firefighting procedure is to extinguish the fire if possible. This step involves using appropriate firefighting equipment and techniques to try and put out the fire. It is important to prioritize the safety of personnel and evacuate them from the building before attempting to extinguish the fire. Calling the fire department should be done earlier in the procedure to ensure professional assistance is on the way. Sounding the fire alarm is typically done at the beginning of the procedure to alert everyone in the building of the emergency.

24. (225) What UNIX system software interacts most closely with the hardware?

A. Shell.

B. Kernel.

C. User programs.

D. Dynamic-link library.

The UNIX system software that interacts most closely with the hardware is the kernel. The kernel is the core component of the operating system that manages the system's resources and provides an interface for user programs to access the hardware. It handles tasks such as memory management, process scheduling, device drivers, and file system management. The kernel acts as a bridge between the hardware and the user programs, allowing them to execute and communicate with the hardware efficiently.

Explanation

The UNIX system software that interacts most closely with the hardware is the kernel. The kernel is the core component of the operating system that manages the system's resources and provides an interface for user programs to access the hardware. It handles tasks such as memory management, process scheduling, device drivers, and file system management. The kernel acts as a bridge between the hardware and the user programs, allowing them to execute and communicate with the hardware efficiently.

25. (209) Which governing body is the authority for information technology (IT) communications within the Department of Defense (DOD) and every level of IT communication from the DOD information network to the warfighter under their scope of control?

A. Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA).

B. Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

C. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

D. Department of Defense (DOD).

The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is the governing body for information technology (IT) communications within the Department of Defense (DOD). They have authority over every level of IT communication, from the DOD information network to the warfighter under their scope of control. They are responsible for managing and securing the DOD's information infrastructure, ensuring effective and efficient communication capabilities for the DOD.

Explanation

The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is the governing body for information technology (IT) communications within the Department of Defense (DOD). They have authority over every level of IT communication, from the DOD information network to the warfighter under their scope of control. They are responsible for managing and securing the DOD's information infrastructure, ensuring effective and efficient communication capabilities for the DOD.

26. (216) Which network is a network that links local area networks (LAN) and Metropolitan area networks (MAN) by using long-distance communication links leased or purchased from a telecommunications company?

A. Local area network (LAN).

B. Wide area network (WAN).

C. Virtual private network (VPN).

D. Metropolitan area network (MAN).

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that connects local area networks (LAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN) using long-distance communication links leased or purchased from a telecommunications company. This allows for communication and data transfer between different LANs and MANs over a larger geographical area.

Explanation

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that connects local area networks (LAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN) using long-distance communication links leased or purchased from a telecommunications company. This allows for communication and data transfer between different LANs and MANs over a larger geographical area.

27. (206) What three parts make up Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR)?

A. Administrative record, historical statics, and maintenance record.

B. Administrative record, drawing record, and purchase record.

C. Administrative record, drawing record, and maintenance record.

D. Administrative record, drawing record, and outage record.

The Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) consists of three parts: administrative record, drawing record, and maintenance record. The administrative record includes documentation related to the installation, such as contracts, permits, and correspondence. The drawing record contains diagrams and blueprints of the installation layout. The maintenance record includes information about the ongoing maintenance and repairs performed on the system. These three parts collectively provide a comprehensive record of the installation, its design, and its maintenance history.

Explanation

The Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) consists of three parts: administrative record, drawing record, and maintenance record. The administrative record includes documentation related to the installation, such as contracts, permits, and correspondence. The drawing record contains diagrams and blueprints of the installation layout. The maintenance record includes information about the ongoing maintenance and repairs performed on the system. These three parts collectively provide a comprehensive record of the installation, its design, and its maintenance history.

28. (203) Which ladder practice is not prohibited?

A. Use of a wooden ladder in the vicinity of electrical circuits.

B. Carrying material while ascending of descending a ladder.

C. Using a ladder as a scaffold.

D. Using a homemade ladder.

The use of a wooden ladder in the vicinity of electrical circuits is not prohibited because wood is a non-conductive material, which means it does not conduct electricity. Therefore, there is no risk of electric shock or electrical accidents when using a wooden ladder near electrical circuits. However, it is still important to exercise caution and follow safety guidelines when working with electrical equipment.

Explanation

The use of a wooden ladder in the vicinity of electrical circuits is not prohibited because wood is a non-conductive material, which means it does not conduct electricity. Therefore, there is no risk of electric shock or electrical accidents when using a wooden ladder near electrical circuits. However, it is still important to exercise caution and follow safety guidelines when working with electrical equipment.

29. (205) Which office annually evaluates agency efforts to improve the quality and usefulness of information technology investments requested by agencies through well-organized strategic decisions relating to investments and portfolio management?

A. Office of Administration.

Office of Communications.

C. Office of Public Engagement.

D. Office of Management and Budget.

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) annually evaluates agency efforts to improve the quality and usefulness of information technology investments requested by agencies through well-organized strategic decisions relating to investments and portfolio management. OMB plays a crucial role in overseeing and managing the federal budget, including evaluating agency IT investments to ensure they align with strategic goals and deliver value to the government and the public.

Explanation

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) annually evaluates agency efforts to improve the quality and usefulness of information technology investments requested by agencies through well-organized strategic decisions relating to investments and portfolio management. OMB plays a crucial role in overseeing and managing the federal budget, including evaluating agency IT investments to ensure they align with strategic goals and deliver value to the government and the public.

30. (226) What Microsoft application is a software program that allows users to create a desktop database?

A. Word.

B. Access.

C. Outlook.

D. PowerPoint.

Access is a Microsoft application that allows users to create a desktop database. It provides tools and features for designing and building databases, as well as creating forms, reports, and queries. With Access, users can easily organize and manage large amounts of data, making it a useful tool for businesses and individuals who need to store and retrieve information efficiently. Word, Outlook, and PowerPoint are not specifically designed for creating databases, making them incorrect options for this question.

Explanation

Access is a Microsoft application that allows users to create a desktop database. It provides tools and features for designing and building databases, as well as creating forms, reports, and queries. With Access, users can easily organize and manage large amounts of data, making it a useful tool for businesses and individuals who need to store and retrieve information efficiently. Word, Outlook, and PowerPoint are not specifically designed for creating databases, making them incorrect options for this question.

31. (202) What method is considered the least preferred when controlling hazards and should not be relied upon alone to protect against hazards.

A. Isolating operations.

B. Providing administrative controls.

C. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

D. Substitution a less hazardous material or process.

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is considered the least preferred method when controlling hazards because it only provides protection to the individual wearing it and does not eliminate or reduce the hazard at its source. PPE should be used in conjunction with other control measures such as isolating operations, providing administrative controls, or substituting a less hazardous material or process. Relying solely on PPE may not effectively protect against hazards and should be used as a last resort when other control methods are not feasible or practical.

Explanation

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is considered the least preferred method when controlling hazards because it only provides protection to the individual wearing it and does not eliminate or reduce the hazard at its source. PPE should be used in conjunction with other control measures such as isolating operations, providing administrative controls, or substituting a less hazardous material or process. Relying solely on PPE may not effectively protect against hazards and should be used as a last resort when other control methods are not feasible or practical.

32. (236) What major program does the Global Combat Support System-Air Force (GCSS-AF) provides as a single point of reference for services and information for Air Force personnel?

A. Air Force Portal.

B. IMDS.

C. Advanced Distributed Learning Service (ADLS).

D. Electronic-publications (E-pub).

The Global Combat Support System-Air Force (GCSS-AF) provides the Air Force Portal as a major program that serves as a single point of reference for services and information for Air Force personnel. The Air Force Portal is a secure website that offers a wide range of resources and tools for Air Force members, including access to email, calendars, training materials, and other important information. It is designed to streamline communication and provide easy access to essential resources, making it an invaluable tool for Air Force personnel.

Explanation

The Global Combat Support System-Air Force (GCSS-AF) provides the Air Force Portal as a major program that serves as a single point of reference for services and information for Air Force personnel. The Air Force Portal is a secure website that offers a wide range of resources and tools for Air Force members, including access to email, calendars, training materials, and other important information. It is designed to streamline communication and provide easy access to essential resources, making it an invaluable tool for Air Force personnel.

33. (202) Which action is a physiological factor?

A. Performing a task while fatigued.

B. Performing a task while intoxicated.

C. Ignoring directions from supervisors and work leaders.

D. Performing job tasks while taking prescribed medications that may cause drowsiness.

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Explanation

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34. (217) What year did the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratifies the use of gigabit Ethernet (GbE)?

A. 1988.

B. 1999.

C. 2005.

D. 2009.

In 1999, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratified the use of gigabit Ethernet (GbE). This means that in 1999, the IEEE officially approved and standardized the use of GbE, which is a high-speed networking technology that can transmit data at a rate of one gigabit per second.

Explanation

In 1999, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratified the use of gigabit Ethernet (GbE). This means that in 1999, the IEEE officially approved and standardized the use of GbE, which is a high-speed networking technology that can transmit data at a rate of one gigabit per second.

35. (203) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) office workers are how many times more likely to suffer a disabling injury for a fall than non-office workers?

A. 1 to 2.

B. 2 to 2.5.

C. 2 to 4.5.

D. 2.5 to 3.

According to the CDC, office workers are 2 to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a disabling injury from a fall compared to non-office workers.

Explanation

According to the CDC, office workers are 2 to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a disabling injury from a fall compared to non-office workers.

36. (228) Which computer system vulnerability is not one in a computer system?

A. Attacker’s capability to exploit the flaw.

B. System’s susceptibility to a flaw.

C. Attacker’s access to the flaw.

D. Attacker’s lack of ability.

This question is asking about a computer system vulnerability that is not present in a computer system. Options a, b, and c all refer to aspects of a vulnerability that can exist in a computer system, such as the attacker's capability to exploit the flaw, the system's susceptibility to a flaw, and the attacker's access to the flaw. Option d, on the other hand, states that the vulnerability is due to the attacker's lack of ability, which is not a characteristic of a vulnerability within a computer system.

Explanation

This question is asking about a computer system vulnerability that is not present in a computer system. Options a, b, and c all refer to aspects of a vulnerability that can exist in a computer system, such as the attacker's capability to exploit the flaw, the system's susceptibility to a flaw, and the attacker's access to the flaw. Option d, on the other hand, states that the vulnerability is due to the attacker's lack of ability, which is not a characteristic of a vulnerability within a computer system.

37. (203) Under normal conditions, how many milliamps of current could cause cardiac arrest?

A. 50.

B. 40.

C. 20.

D. 10.

Under normal conditions, a current of 50 milliamps can cause cardiac arrest. This means that if a person is exposed to a current of this magnitude, it can disrupt the normal electrical signals in the heart and lead to a potentially life-threatening condition. It is important to note that this is a general guideline and individual susceptibility to electric shock can vary.

Explanation

Under normal conditions, a current of 50 milliamps can cause cardiac arrest. This means that if a person is exposed to a current of this magnitude, it can disrupt the normal electrical signals in the heart and lead to a potentially life-threatening condition. It is important to note that this is a general guideline and individual susceptibility to electric shock can vary.

38. (216) Which network uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to avoid collisions while transmitting data?

A. Local area network (LAN).

B. Wide area network (WAN).

C. Metropolitan area network (MAN).

D. Wireless local area network (WLAN).

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to avoid collisions while transmitting data. CSMA/CA is a protocol that allows devices to sense the wireless medium before transmitting data. If the medium is busy, the device waits until it becomes idle before transmitting. This helps to avoid collisions between multiple devices trying to transmit at the same time. WLANs typically use CSMA/CA because they operate in an environment with shared wireless channels where collisions are more likely to occur.

Explanation

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) use Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to avoid collisions while transmitting data. CSMA/CA is a protocol that allows devices to sense the wireless medium before transmitting data. If the medium is busy, the device waits until it becomes idle before transmitting. This helps to avoid collisions between multiple devices trying to transmit at the same time. WLANs typically use CSMA/CA because they operate in an environment with shared wireless channels where collisions are more likely to occur.

39. (208) When used alone, the word "topology" often refers to a network's

A. transport topology.

B. physical topology.

C. physical medium.

D. logical topology.

The word "topology" refers to the arrangement or structure of a network. When used alone, it typically refers to the physical arrangement of the network, known as the physical topology. This includes the physical components such as cables, devices, and their physical connections. The physical topology describes how these components are physically organized and connected to each other. Therefore, option b. physical topology is the correct answer.

Explanation

The word "topology" refers to the arrangement or structure of a network. When used alone, it typically refers to the physical arrangement of the network, known as the physical topology. This includes the physical components such as cables, devices, and their physical connections. The physical topology describes how these components are physically organized and connected to each other. Therefore, option b. physical topology is the correct answer.

40. (215) What is a peripheral device?

A. A main internal component of a computer.

B. Not a main internal component of a computer.

C. A main component of a computer and can be either internal or external.

D. Not a main component of a computer and can be either internal or external.

A peripheral device is not a main component of a computer and can be either internal or external. This means that it is not essential for the basic functioning of a computer, but rather an additional device that can be connected to enhance its capabilities. Examples of peripheral devices include printers, scanners, keyboards, and mice. These devices can be either inside the computer case, such as a sound card or a network card, or external, such as a monitor or a webcam.

Explanation

A peripheral device is not a main component of a computer and can be either internal or external. This means that it is not essential for the basic functioning of a computer, but rather an additional device that can be connected to enhance its capabilities. Examples of peripheral devices include printers, scanners, keyboards, and mice. These devices can be either inside the computer case, such as a sound card or a network card, or external, such as a monitor or a webcam.

41. (226) What Microsoft application is a personal information manager?

A. Word.

B. Access.

C. Outlook.

D. PowerPoint.

Outlook is a personal information manager developed by Microsoft. It is primarily used for managing emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks. It allows users to organize and prioritize their personal and professional information in one place. With features like email organization, scheduling meetings, and managing contacts, Outlook helps individuals stay organized and efficient in their daily activities.

Explanation

Outlook is a personal information manager developed by Microsoft. It is primarily used for managing emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks. It allows users to organize and prioritize their personal and professional information in one place. With features like email organization, scheduling meetings, and managing contacts, Outlook helps individuals stay organized and efficient in their daily activities.

42. (207) The logical link control (LLC) sublayer is a part of which Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layer?

A. Transport.

B. Data Link.

C. Physical.

D. Session.

The logical link control (LLC) sublayer is a part of the Data Link layer in the OSI model. The Data Link layer is responsible for providing error-free transmission of data over the physical layer. The LLC sublayer specifically handles flow control and error checking, ensuring reliable communication between network devices. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Data Link.

Explanation

The logical link control (LLC) sublayer is a part of the Data Link layer in the OSI model. The Data Link layer is responsible for providing error-free transmission of data over the physical layer. The LLC sublayer specifically handles flow control and error checking, ensuring reliable communication between network devices. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Data Link.

43. (202) What three sub-categories make up human factors?

A. Physiological, physical, stress.

B. Physiological, Physical, social.

C. Stress, organizational, physical.

D. Physical, physiological, organizational.

The three sub-categories that make up human factors are physical, physiological, and organizational. Physical factors refer to the physical environment and equipment that individuals interact with. Physiological factors involve the psychological and cognitive aspects of human performance, such as attention, perception, and decision-making. Organizational factors encompass the social and organizational aspects that influence human behavior and performance, including communication, teamwork, and workload management.

Explanation

The three sub-categories that make up human factors are physical, physiological, and organizational. Physical factors refer to the physical environment and equipment that individuals interact with. Physiological factors involve the psychological and cognitive aspects of human performance, such as attention, perception, and decision-making. Organizational factors encompass the social and organizational aspects that influence human behavior and performance, including communication, teamwork, and workload management.

44. (210) What action is the purpose of a sliding window in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A. Request network services and pass arguments between layers.

B. Reference a location of a particular application or process on each machine.

C. Prevent network congestion by ensuring that transmitting devices do not overwhelm receiving devices data.

D. Regulate how much information passes over a TCP connection before the receiving host must send an acknowledgement.

The purpose of a sliding window in TCP is to regulate how much information passes over a TCP connection before the receiving host must send an acknowledgement. This helps in managing the flow of data between the sender and receiver, ensuring that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver with too much data at once. The sliding window mechanism allows for efficient and reliable data transmission by dynamically adjusting the amount of data that can be sent before waiting for acknowledgements.

Explanation

The purpose of a sliding window in TCP is to regulate how much information passes over a TCP connection before the receiving host must send an acknowledgement. This helps in managing the flow of data between the sender and receiver, ensuring that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver with too much data at once. The sliding window mechanism allows for efficient and reliable data transmission by dynamically adjusting the amount of data that can be sent before waiting for acknowledgements.

45. (201) What action must supervisors take before a work task not governed by a technical order or other guidance can be accomplished?

A. Develop a job safety training outline (JSTO).

B. Conduct a job safety analysis (JSA).

C. Review AF Form 55.

D. Certify the employee.

Before a work task not governed by a technical order or other guidance can be accomplished, supervisors must conduct a job safety analysis (JSA). This involves identifying potential hazards, assessing risks, and determining appropriate control measures to ensure the safety of employees. By conducting a JSA, supervisors can effectively plan and execute the task in a manner that minimizes the likelihood of accidents or injuries.

Explanation

Before a work task not governed by a technical order or other guidance can be accomplished, supervisors must conduct a job safety analysis (JSA). This involves identifying potential hazards, assessing risks, and determining appropriate control measures to ensure the safety of employees. By conducting a JSA, supervisors can effectively plan and execute the task in a manner that minimizes the likelihood of accidents or injuries.

46. (214) What speed is the maximum data transfer rate of USB 3.0 SuperSpeed (SS) transfer mode?

A. Two gigabits per second (GB/S).

B. Four GB/S.

C. Five GB/S.

D. 10 GB/S.

The maximum data transfer rate of USB 3.0 SuperSpeed (SS) transfer mode is five GB/S.

Explanation

The maximum data transfer rate of USB 3.0 SuperSpeed (SS) transfer mode is five GB/S.

47. (234) Which network provides Department of Defense (DOD) customers with centralized and protected access to the public Internet?

A. Secret Internet Protocol (IP) Data or Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET).

B. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET).

C. Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) IP Data.

D. Top Secret/Secret Compartmentalized Information (TS/SCI) IP Data.

The correct answer is b. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET). This network provides Department of Defense (DOD) customers with centralized and protected access to the public Internet. It is specifically designed for unclassified, but sensitive information, and allows for secure communication within the DOD while still maintaining connectivity to the public Internet. The other options (a, c, and d) are not the correct answer as they refer to different networks that are used for classified or top-secret information.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) IP Data or Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET). This network provides Department of Defense (DOD) customers with centralized and protected access to the public Internet. It is specifically designed for unclassified, but sensitive information, and allows for secure communication within the DOD while still maintaining connectivity to the public Internet. The other options (a, c, and d) are not the correct answer as they refer to different networks that are used for classified or top-secret information.

48. (205) What requirements mandate to develop of Air Force architectures?

A. State level.

B. Federal level.

C. Congressional level.

D. Department of Defense level.

The correct answer is b. Federal level. Federal level requirements mandate the development of Air Force architectures. This means that the requirements are set by the federal government, specifically at a national level. These requirements are likely to be broad and overarching, ensuring that the Air Force aligns with national objectives and priorities. It is important for the Air Force to develop architectures that meet these federal level requirements in order to effectively carry out its mission and support national security.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Federal level. Federal level requirements mandate the development of Air Force architectures. This means that the requirements are set by the federal government, specifically at a national level. These requirements are likely to be broad and overarching, ensuring that the Air Force aligns with national objectives and priorities. It is important for the Air Force to develop architectures that meet these federal level requirements in order to effectively carry out its mission and support national security.

49. (206) Which part of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) depicts physical layout of communications and information systems and provide engineering data?

A. Administrative record.

B. Maintenance record.

C. Drawing record.

D. Outage record.

The drawing record section of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) depicts the physical layout of communications and information systems. It provides engineering data such as diagrams, schematics, and blueprints that show the arrangement of equipment and cables. This section is essential for understanding the infrastructure and design of the communication and information systems installation.

Explanation

The drawing record section of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) depicts the physical layout of communications and information systems. It provides engineering data such as diagrams, schematics, and blueprints that show the arrangement of equipment and cables. This section is essential for understanding the infrastructure and design of the communication and information systems installation.

50. (228) Which incidents occur when a higher classification level of data transfers to a lower classification level system via a messaging system?

A. Classified message incident.

B. Eavesdropping.

C. Data Spillage.

D. Backdoor.

When a higher classification level of data transfers to a lower classification level system via a messaging system, it can lead to a classified message incident. This means that sensitive information is being transmitted to a system that is not authorized to access or handle that level of classified data. This can result in a breach of security and potential unauthorized access to the sensitive information.

Explanation

When a higher classification level of data transfers to a lower classification level system via a messaging system, it can lead to a classified message incident. This means that sensitive information is being transmitted to a system that is not authorized to access or handle that level of classified data. This can result in a breach of security and potential unauthorized access to the sensitive information.

51. (213) What action is the main purpose of system cache?

A. Speed up system Read Only Memory (ROM).

B. Reduce hard drive (HDD) access time to stored data.

C. Reduce central processing unit (CPU) access time to stored data.

D. Reduce Random Access Memory (RAM) access time to stored data.

The main purpose of system cache is to reduce central processing unit (CPU) access time to stored data. System cache is a small, high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data from the main memory. By storing this data closer to the CPU, the cache reduces the time it takes for the CPU to access the data, improving overall system performance. This helps to speed up the execution of programs and tasks by reducing the time needed to fetch data from the main memory.

Explanation

The main purpose of system cache is to reduce central processing unit (CPU) access time to stored data. System cache is a small, high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data from the main memory. By storing this data closer to the CPU, the cache reduces the time it takes for the CPU to access the data, improving overall system performance. This helps to speed up the execution of programs and tasks by reducing the time needed to fetch data from the main memory.

52. (222) What network device provides a remote network with connectivity to a host network?

A. Switch.

B. Modem.

C. Gateway.

D. Converter.

A gateway is a network device that provides connectivity between different networks. It acts as an entry point to a remote network, allowing devices from that network to communicate with devices on the host network. A switch is used to connect devices within a network, a modem is used to connect a network to the internet, and a converter is used to convert signals between different types of networks. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Gateway.

Explanation

A gateway is a network device that provides connectivity between different networks. It acts as an entry point to a remote network, allowing devices from that network to communicate with devices on the host network. A switch is used to connect devices within a network, a modem is used to connect a network to the internet, and a converter is used to convert signals between different types of networks. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Gateway.

53. (211) What value is the maximum of an octet in Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)?

A. 239.

B. 254.

C. 255.

D. 256.

The maximum value of an octet in Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is 255. An octet is a unit of data that consists of 8 bits, and in IPv4, each octet represents a number ranging from 0 to 255. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 255.

Explanation

The maximum value of an octet in Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is 255. An octet is a unit of data that consists of 8 bits, and in IPv4, each octet represents a number ranging from 0 to 255. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 255.

54. (202) Who recommends controls to mitigate health risks associated with identified health threats/hazards?

A. Bioenvironmental Engineering.

B. Installation safety office.

C. Base civil engineer.

D. Supervisors.

Bioenvironmental Engineering is responsible for recommending controls to mitigate health risks associated with identified health threats/hazards. They have the expertise and knowledge to assess and analyze potential health risks in the environment and develop appropriate control measures to minimize or eliminate those risks. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing engineering controls, providing training and education, and monitoring the effectiveness of control measures. The other options listed, such as the Installation Safety Office, Base Civil Engineer, and Supervisors, may have roles in overall safety and health management but do not specifically focus on recommending controls for health risks associated with identified health threats/hazards.

Explanation

Bioenvironmental Engineering is responsible for recommending controls to mitigate health risks associated with identified health threats/hazards. They have the expertise and knowledge to assess and analyze potential health risks in the environment and develop appropriate control measures to minimize or eliminate those risks. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing engineering controls, providing training and education, and monitoring the effectiveness of control measures. The other options listed, such as the Installation Safety Office, Base Civil Engineer, and Supervisors, may have roles in overall safety and health management but do not specifically focus on recommending controls for health risks associated with identified health threats/hazards.

55. (206) Which part of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR) is normally retained in the production work center?

A. Administrative record.

B. Maintenance record.

C. Drawing record.

D. Outage record.

The maintenance record is typically retained in the production work center of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR). This record contains important information about the maintenance activities performed on the systems, including repairs, replacements, and upgrades. It helps track the history of maintenance work done on the systems and is essential for troubleshooting and future maintenance planning.

Explanation

The maintenance record is typically retained in the production work center of the Communications and Information Systems Installation Record (CSIR). This record contains important information about the maintenance activities performed on the systems, including repairs, replacements, and upgrades. It helps track the history of maintenance work done on the systems and is essential for troubleshooting and future maintenance planning.

56. (207) What functions do the seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model specify?

A. Programming.

B. Transport.

C. Network.

D. Data.

The seven layers of the OSI reference model specify different functions related to network communication. The network layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks. It determines the best path for data transmission and handles logical addressing. The other options, programming, transport, and data, do not accurately describe the functions of the OSI layers.

Explanation

The seven layers of the OSI reference model specify different functions related to network communication. The network layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks. It determines the best path for data transmission and handles logical addressing. The other options, programming, transport, and data, do not accurately describe the functions of the OSI layers.

57. (242) What system of the Global High Frequency (HF) Network provides rapid, reliable, non-dedicated communications support between the National Command Authority, Department of Defense, aircraft, and ships of the United States government during peacetime, contingency situations, and war?

A. Mystic Star.

B. Global HF system.

C. Defense Communication System (DCS) entry.

D. System of Inter-American Telecommunications for the Air Forces (SITFAA).

The Global HF system is the correct answer because it is the system of the Global High Frequency (HF) Network that provides rapid, reliable, non-dedicated communications support between the National Command Authority, Department of Defense, aircraft, and ships of the United States government during peacetime, contingency situations, and war. This system is specifically designed to meet the communication needs of the United States government in various situations, making it the most appropriate choice among the given options.

Explanation

The Global HF system is the correct answer because it is the system of the Global High Frequency (HF) Network that provides rapid, reliable, non-dedicated communications support between the National Command Authority, Department of Defense, aircraft, and ships of the United States government during peacetime, contingency situations, and war. This system is specifically designed to meet the communication needs of the United States government in various situations, making it the most appropriate choice among the given options.

58. (231) Who has the authority a grant permission to ship classified materials on Friday - Sunday?

A. Classified Information Program Manager.

B. Information Assurance Officer.

C. Security Manager.

D. Supervisor.

The Security Manager has the authority to grant permission to ship classified materials on Friday - Sunday. This individual is responsible for ensuring the security of classified information and materials within an organization. They have the necessary knowledge and expertise to assess the risks and make informed decisions regarding the transportation of classified materials during non-business hours. The Classified Information Program Manager, Information Assurance Officer, and Supervisor may have their own roles and responsibilities related to classified materials, but the Security Manager is specifically designated as the authority for granting permission in this context.

Explanation

The Security Manager has the authority to grant permission to ship classified materials on Friday - Sunday. This individual is responsible for ensuring the security of classified information and materials within an organization. They have the necessary knowledge and expertise to assess the risks and make informed decisions regarding the transportation of classified materials during non-business hours. The Classified Information Program Manager, Information Assurance Officer, and Supervisor may have their own roles and responsibilities related to classified materials, but the Security Manager is specifically designated as the authority for granting permission in this context.

59. (210) What is a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) socket?

A. Regular of how much information passes over a TCP connection before the receiving host must send an acknowledgement.

B. Reference location of a particular application or process on each machine (in the application layer).

D. Preventer of network congestion by ensuring that transmitting devices do not overwhelm receiving devices data.

A TCP socket is a combination of a port number and Internet Protocol (IP) address used by a process to request network services and passes as an argument between layers. This means that when a process wants to communicate over a network using TCP, it needs to specify a port number and an IP address to establish a connection with another process. The TCP socket acts as a unique identifier for the communication between the two processes, allowing them to send and receive data over the network.

Explanation

A TCP socket is a combination of a port number and Internet Protocol (IP) address used by a process to request network services and passes as an argument between layers. This means that when a process wants to communicate over a network using TCP, it needs to specify a port number and an IP address to establish a connection with another process. The TCP socket acts as a unique identifier for the communication between the two processes, allowing them to send and receive data over the network.

60. (230) Which Air Force (AF) form records the destruction of Top Secret classified material?

A. AF Form 88.

B. AF Form 143.

C. AF Form 144.

D. AF Form 1776.

AF Form 143 is the correct answer because it is the form that is used to record the destruction of Top Secret classified material in the Air Force. This form ensures that there is a documented record of the destruction process, including the date, time, method of destruction, and the individuals involved. It is important to have a proper record of the destruction of classified material to maintain security and accountability.

Explanation

AF Form 143 is the correct answer because it is the form that is used to record the destruction of Top Secret classified material in the Air Force. This form ensures that there is a documented record of the destruction process, including the date, time, method of destruction, and the individuals involved. It is important to have a proper record of the destruction of classified material to maintain security and accountability.

61. (232) Which of the following services provides additional communications capacity by using manned and unmanned systems to host communications packages for continuous communications coverage of large geographic areas?

A. Transport.

B. Application.

C. Aerial layer.

D. Satellite communication (SATCOM).

The aerial layer is a service that provides additional communications capacity by using manned and unmanned systems to host communications packages for continuous communications coverage of large geographic areas. This means that it utilizes aircraft and other aerial platforms to ensure that there is constant communication coverage over a wide area. This can be particularly useful in situations where ground-based communication infrastructure may be limited or unavailable.

Explanation

The aerial layer is a service that provides additional communications capacity by using manned and unmanned systems to host communications packages for continuous communications coverage of large geographic areas. This means that it utilizes aircraft and other aerial platforms to ensure that there is constant communication coverage over a wide area. This can be particularly useful in situations where ground-based communication infrastructure may be limited or unavailable.

62. (227) What information system (IS) threat is the greatest threat to an organization's mission critical information via its communications and ISs?

A. Malware.

B. Denial of service attacks.

C. Inadvertent employee activity.

D. Hostile information operations.

Hostile information operations pose the greatest threat to an organization's mission-critical information via its communications and information systems. These operations involve deliberate and malicious actions aimed at disrupting or compromising an organization's information systems and communication networks. This can include activities such as hacking, cyber espionage, and spreading false information. Unlike malware, denial of service attacks, and inadvertent employee activity, hostile information operations are specifically designed to target an organization's critical information and can cause significant damage if successful.

Explanation

Hostile information operations pose the greatest threat to an organization's mission-critical information via its communications and information systems. These operations involve deliberate and malicious actions aimed at disrupting or compromising an organization's information systems and communication networks. This can include activities such as hacking, cyber espionage, and spreading false information. Unlike malware, denial of service attacks, and inadvertent employee activity, hostile information operations are specifically designed to target an organization's critical information and can cause significant damage if successful.

63. (202) Which helmet class does not provide protection against contact with electrical conductors?

A. A.

B. C.

C. E.

D. G.

Helmet class C does not provide protection against contact with electrical conductors. This is because class C helmets are designed for lightweight comfort and offer no electrical insulation. They are primarily used in construction and other industries where there is no risk of electrical hazards.

Explanation

Helmet class C does not provide protection against contact with electrical conductors. This is because class C helmets are designed for lightweight comfort and offer no electrical insulation. They are primarily used in construction and other industries where there is no risk of electrical hazards.

64. (203) What chapter in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 91–203, Air Force Consolidated Occupational Safety Instruction provides specific guidance on office safety?

A. 8.

B. 9.

C. 10.

D. 11.

Chapter 10 in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 91-203, Air Force Consolidated Occupational Safety Instruction provides specific guidance on office safety.

Explanation

Chapter 10 in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 91-203, Air Force Consolidated Occupational Safety Instruction provides specific guidance on office safety.

65. (202) How many impact classifications do hardhats have?

A. One.

B. Two.

C. Three.

D. Four.

Hardhats have two impact classifications. This means that they are designed to protect against two different levels of impact. The classifications are usually expressed as Type I and Type II. Type I hardhats are designed to protect against impacts to the top of the head, while Type II hardhats provide additional protection against impacts to the sides and top of the head. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Two.

Explanation

Hardhats have two impact classifications. This means that they are designed to protect against two different levels of impact. The classifications are usually expressed as Type I and Type II. Type I hardhats are designed to protect against impacts to the top of the head, while Type II hardhats provide additional protection against impacts to the sides and top of the head. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Two.

66. (211) What class is reserved for multicast addressing?

A. Class A address.

B. Class B address.

C. Class C address.

D. Class D address.

Class D addresses are reserved for multicast addressing. In IP addressing, multicast allows a single packet to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously. Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, and they are used for multicast groups. These addresses are not assigned to individual devices like Class A, B, or C addresses, but rather used for communication between groups of devices that have joined a multicast group.

Explanation

Class D addresses are reserved for multicast addressing. In IP addressing, multicast allows a single packet to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously. Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, and they are used for multicast groups. These addresses are not assigned to individual devices like Class A, B, or C addresses, but rather used for communication between groups of devices that have joined a multicast group.

67. (229) Which classified document markings identifies the highest level of classification?

A. Banner Lines.

B. Portion Marks.

C. Component and office.

D. Classification authority.

Banner Lines are used to identify the highest level of classification in classified documents. They typically appear at the top and bottom of each page and contain information such as the classification level, the agency or department responsible for the document, and any special handling instructions. These markings serve as a visual reminder to anyone handling the document that it contains sensitive or classified information and should be handled accordingly.

Explanation

Banner Lines are used to identify the highest level of classification in classified documents. They typically appear at the top and bottom of each page and contain information such as the classification level, the agency or department responsible for the document, and any special handling instructions. These markings serve as a visual reminder to anyone handling the document that it contains sensitive or classified information and should be handled accordingly.

68. (221) What network routing protocols allow multiple autonomous systems to connect together?

A. Open shortest path first (OSPF).

B. Exterior gateway protocol (EGP).

C. Interior gateway protocol (IGP).

D. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).

Exterior gateway protocol (EGP) is a network routing protocol that allows multiple autonomous systems to connect together. Unlike interior gateway protocols (IGP) such as Open shortest path first (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), which are used within a single autonomous system, EGP is designed to facilitate routing between different autonomous systems. Therefore, EGP is the correct answer for this question.

Explanation

Exterior gateway protocol (EGP) is a network routing protocol that allows multiple autonomous systems to connect together. Unlike interior gateway protocols (IGP) such as Open shortest path first (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), which are used within a single autonomous system, EGP is designed to facilitate routing between different autonomous systems. Therefore, EGP is the correct answer for this question.

69. (231) Who should you seek out if you need information on transporting Top Secret information?

A. Classified Information Program Manager.

B. Information Assurance Officer.

C. Security Manager.

D. Supervisor.

The Information Assurance Officer is the correct person to seek out if you need information on transporting Top Secret information. This individual is responsible for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and information systems. They have the knowledge and expertise to provide guidance on the proper protocols and procedures for transporting sensitive information securely. The Classified Information Program Manager may also have relevant information, but the Information Assurance Officer is specifically trained in information security and would be the best resource for this particular need.

Explanation

The Information Assurance Officer is the correct person to seek out if you need information on transporting Top Secret information. This individual is responsible for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and information systems. They have the knowledge and expertise to provide guidance on the proper protocols and procedures for transporting sensitive information securely. The Classified Information Program Manager may also have relevant information, but the Information Assurance Officer is specifically trained in information security and would be the best resource for this particular need.

70. (234) Which network provides high-quality, secure telecommunications for command and control (C2) and crisis management?

A. Defense Switched Network (DSN).

B. Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN).

C. Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) IP Data.

C. Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) IP Data. d. Top Secret/Secret Compartmentalized Information (TS/SCI) Internet Protocol (IP) Data.

The Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide high-quality and secure telecommunications for command and control (C2) and crisis management. It is a dedicated network that allows authorized users to communicate securely and reliably in critical situations. The DRSN is used by the Department of Defense and other government agencies to ensure effective communication during emergencies and important military operations.

Explanation

The Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide high-quality and secure telecommunications for command and control (C2) and crisis management. It is a dedicated network that allows authorized users to communicate securely and reliably in critical situations. The DRSN is used by the Department of Defense and other government agencies to ensure effective communication during emergencies and important military operations.

71. (240) What system is the priority component of the Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN) that directly supports the president, secretary of defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities?

A. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

B. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

C. National Military Command Center (NMCC).

D. Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS).

The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is the priority component of the Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN) that directly supports the president, secretary of defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities. The NMCC serves as the primary command and control center for the Department of Defense, providing situational awareness, coordination, and decision-making capabilities during both peacetime and crisis situations. It is responsible for monitoring and managing the overall operational status of the DODIN and ensuring effective communication and coordination between the highest levels of military leadership.

Explanation

The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is the priority component of the Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN) that directly supports the president, secretary of defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities. The NMCC serves as the primary command and control center for the Department of Defense, providing situational awareness, coordination, and decision-making capabilities during both peacetime and crisis situations. It is responsible for monitoring and managing the overall operational status of the DODIN and ensuring effective communication and coordination between the highest levels of military leadership.

72. (218) How many T1 Defense Switched Network (DSN) access circuits do Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP) terminals offer?

A. 24.

B. 15.

C. 10.

D. 7.

Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP) terminals offer a total of 7 T1 Defense Switched Network (DSN) access circuits. This means that these terminals can provide connectivity for up to 7 different DSN access circuits, allowing for communication and data transfer.

Explanation

Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP) terminals offer a total of 7 T1 Defense Switched Network (DSN) access circuits. This means that these terminals can provide connectivity for up to 7 different DSN access circuits, allowing for communication and data transfer.

73. (207) What layers make up the two categories of the seven layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.

A. Data Transport and Application.

B. Session and Data Transport.

C. Network and Presentation.

D. Application and Session.

The correct answer is a. Data Transport and Application. The OSI reference model consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The two categories of these layers are Data Transport (Physical, Data Link, Network, and Transport) and Application (Session, Presentation, and Application). The Data Transport layers are responsible for the movement of data across the network, while the Application layers are responsible for providing services to the end-user applications.

Explanation

The correct answer is a. Data Transport and Application. The OSI reference model consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The two categories of these layers are Data Transport (Physical, Data Link, Network, and Transport) and Application (Session, Presentation, and Application). The Data Transport layers are responsible for the movement of data across the network, while the Application layers are responsible for providing services to the end-user applications.

74. (235) Which system of the Global Command and Control System-Air Force (GCCS-AF) monitors status of resources and training systems ensuring that decision makers have the most accurate snapshot of the resources available to the for mission completion?

A. Common Operational Picture (COP).

B. Global Command and Control System (GCCS).

C. GCCS Status of Resources and Training (GSORTS).

D. Deliberate Crisis Action Planning and Execution System (DCAPES).

The GCCS Status of Resources and Training (GSORTS) system is responsible for monitoring the status of resources and training systems in the Global Command and Control System-Air Force (GCCS-AF). It ensures that decision makers have the most accurate snapshot of the resources available for mission completion. The Common Operational Picture (COP) provides a comprehensive view of the current operational situation, while the Global Command and Control System (GCCS) is the overarching system that integrates various command and control functions. The Deliberate Crisis Action Planning and Execution System (DCAPES) is a separate system used for planning and executing crisis actions.

Explanation

The GCCS Status of Resources and Training (GSORTS) system is responsible for monitoring the status of resources and training systems in the Global Command and Control System-Air Force (GCCS-AF). It ensures that decision makers have the most accurate snapshot of the resources available for mission completion. The Common Operational Picture (COP) provides a comprehensive view of the current operational situation, while the Global Command and Control System (GCCS) is the overarching system that integrates various command and control functions. The Deliberate Crisis Action Planning and Execution System (DCAPES) is a separate system used for planning and executing crisis actions.

75. (211) Which classes allow for a maximum of 254 hosts per network?

A. Class A address.

B. Class B address.

C. Class C address.

D. Class D address.

Class C addresses allow for a maximum of 254 hosts per network. In Class C addressing, the first three octets represent the network portion, while the last octet represents the host portion. Since the host portion consists of 8 bits (2^8 = 256), but the first and last addresses are reserved for network and broadcast addresses respectively, the actual number of usable hosts is 254. Class A and Class B addresses have larger network portions, which means they can accommodate more hosts per network. Class D addresses are used for multicast purposes and do not have a specific limit on the number of hosts per network.

Explanation

Class C addresses allow for a maximum of 254 hosts per network. In Class C addressing, the first three octets represent the network portion, while the last octet represents the host portion. Since the host portion consists of 8 bits (2^8 = 256), but the first and last addresses are reserved for network and broadcast addresses respectively, the actual number of usable hosts is 254. Class A and Class B addresses have larger network portions, which means they can accommodate more hosts per network. Class D addresses are used for multicast purposes and do not have a specific limit on the number of hosts per network.

76. (201) What Air Force (AF) form is used to report a hazard?

A. 475.

B. 480.

C. 978.

D. 980.

The correct answer is a. 475. The Air Force (AF) uses the AF Form 475 to report a hazard. This form is used to document and report any potential or actual hazards that may pose a risk to personnel, equipment, or operations. It allows for the identification and assessment of hazards, as well as the implementation of appropriate risk management measures to mitigate or eliminate the risks. By using the AF Form 475, the Air Force can effectively track and address hazards to ensure the safety and well-being of its personnel and resources.

Explanation

The correct answer is a. 475. The Air Force (AF) uses the AF Form 475 to report a hazard. This form is used to document and report any potential or actual hazards that may pose a risk to personnel, equipment, or operations. It allows for the identification and assessment of hazards, as well as the implementation of appropriate risk management measures to mitigate or eliminate the risks. By using the AF Form 475, the Air Force can effectively track and address hazards to ensure the safety and well-being of its personnel and resources.

77. (204) The risk management process includes how many steps?

A. Four.

B. Five.

C. Six.

D. Seven.

The risk management process includes five steps. These steps are: 1) Identify the risks, 2) Analyze and assess the risks, 3) Develop risk response strategies, 4) Implement risk response strategies, and 5) Monitor and review the risks. Each step is essential in effectively managing and mitigating risks in a project or organization.

Explanation

The risk management process includes five steps. These steps are: 1) Identify the risks, 2) Analyze and assess the risks, 3) Develop risk response strategies, 4) Implement risk response strategies, and 5) Monitor and review the risks. Each step is essential in effectively managing and mitigating risks in a project or organization.

78. (203) What classification do flammable liquids receive?

A. Class A.

B. Class B.

C. Class C.

D. Class D.

Flammable liquids receive classification as Class B. This classification is used for liquids that have a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and a boiling point above 100°F (37.8°C). Class B liquids can easily ignite and pose a fire hazard. Examples of Class B liquids include gasoline, alcohol, and diesel fuel.

Explanation

Flammable liquids receive classification as Class B. This classification is used for liquids that have a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and a boiling point above 100°F (37.8°C). Class B liquids can easily ignite and pose a fire hazard. Examples of Class B liquids include gasoline, alcohol, and diesel fuel.

79. (238) Which system is a radar Tracker/Correlator software program hosted on a powerful server-based computer system that takes inputs from long range and short-range radars and displays it all on a scope?

A. Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F).

B. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

C. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

D. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

The correct answer is a. Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F). The BCS-F is a radar Tracker/Correlator software program that is hosted on a powerful server-based computer system. It takes inputs from long range and short-range radars and displays the information on a scope. This system is used for tracking and correlating radar data in a battle control setting.

Explanation

The correct answer is a. Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F). The BCS-F is a radar Tracker/Correlator software program that is hosted on a powerful server-based computer system. It takes inputs from long range and short-range radars and displays the information on a scope. This system is used for tracking and correlating radar data in a battle control setting.

80. (239) Which system is a space-based high data rate communications link for the flow of information from the United States or rear echelon locations to deployed forces?

A. Global Broadcast System (GBS).

B. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

C. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

D. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

The correct answer is a. Global Broadcast System (GBS). The Global Broadcast System is a space-based high data rate communications link that allows for the flow of information from the United States or rear echelon locations to deployed forces. It provides real-time, near-real-time, and store-and-forward dissemination of full-motion video, large data files, and other digital products to users worldwide. The GBS enhances situational awareness, command and control, and decision-making capabilities for military operations.

Explanation

The correct answer is a. Global Broadcast System (GBS). The Global Broadcast System is a space-based high data rate communications link that allows for the flow of information from the United States or rear echelon locations to deployed forces. It provides real-time, near-real-time, and store-and-forward dissemination of full-motion video, large data files, and other digital products to users worldwide. The GBS enhances situational awareness, command and control, and decision-making capabilities for military operations.

81. (207) What does the media access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer manage?

A. Communications between devices over a single link of a network.

B. Communications between devices over multiple links of a network.

C. Protocol access to the physical network medium.

D. Protocol access to the links of a network.

The media access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer manages protocol access to the physical network medium. This means that it is responsible for controlling how devices on a network gain access to the physical medium (such as cables or wireless frequencies) in order to transmit their data. The MAC sublayer determines when and how devices can transmit data, manages collision detection and resolution, and ensures that only one device can transmit at a time to avoid data corruption or loss.

Explanation

The media access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer manages protocol access to the physical network medium. This means that it is responsible for controlling how devices on a network gain access to the physical medium (such as cables or wireless frequencies) in order to transmit their data. The MAC sublayer determines when and how devices can transmit data, manages collision detection and resolution, and ensures that only one device can transmit at a time to avoid data corruption or loss.

82. (242) What system mission is to provide reliable, rapid, two-way communications between air-, land-, and sea-based users?

A. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

B. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

C. Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS).

D. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

The Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS) is a system that is designed to provide reliable, rapid, two-way communications between air-, land-, and sea-based users. This system uses high-frequency radio waves to transmit and receive messages, allowing for effective communication across different platforms and locations. The HF-GCS plays a crucial role in ensuring that users in various domains can communicate quickly and reliably, which is essential for coordinating operations and maintaining situational awareness. The other options, SACCS, DCGS, and GCSS, are not specifically focused on providing two-way communications between air-, land-, and sea-based users.

Explanation

The Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS) is a system that is designed to provide reliable, rapid, two-way communications between air-, land-, and sea-based users. This system uses high-frequency radio waves to transmit and receive messages, allowing for effective communication across different platforms and locations. The HF-GCS plays a crucial role in ensuring that users in various domains can communicate quickly and reliably, which is essential for coordinating operations and maintaining situational awareness. The other options, SACCS, DCGS, and GCSS, are not specifically focused on providing two-way communications between air-, land-, and sea-based users.

83. (201) What Air Force (AF) form is used to report ground mishaps?

A. 475.

B. 480.

C. 978.

D. 980.

The correct answer is c. 978. The Air Force uses AF Form 978 to report ground mishaps. This form is used to document and investigate any accidents or incidents that occur on the ground, such as vehicle collisions, equipment damage, or injuries. By using this form, the Air Force can track and analyze trends in ground mishaps, identify areas for improvement, and implement safety measures to prevent future incidents.

Explanation

The correct answer is c. 978. The Air Force uses AF Form 978 to report ground mishaps. This form is used to document and investigate any accidents or incidents that occur on the ground, such as vehicle collisions, equipment damage, or injuries. By using this form, the Air Force can track and analyze trends in ground mishaps, identify areas for improvement, and implement safety measures to prevent future incidents.

84. (220) Describe a network bridge.

C. Data Link layer device that provide central connection to network devices.

D. Network layer device that provide central connection to network devices.

A network bridge is a device or software set that operates at the Data Link layer of the network protocol stack. It is used to logically separate a single network into multiple segments or collision domains in Ethernet networks. By doing so, it helps to improve network performance and reduce network congestion. The bridge analyzes the data packets passing through it and forwards them to the appropriate segment based on the destination address. This allows for efficient communication between devices connected to different segments of the network.

Explanation

A network bridge is a device or software set that operates at the Data Link layer of the network protocol stack. It is used to logically separate a single network into multiple segments or collision domains in Ethernet networks. By doing so, it helps to improve network performance and reduce network congestion. The bridge analyzes the data packets passing through it and forwards them to the appropriate segment based on the destination address. This allows for efficient communication between devices connected to different segments of the network.

85. (207) What does the logical link control (LLC) sublayer of the data link layer manage?

A. Communications between devices over multiple links of a network.

B. Communications between devices over a single link of a network.

C. Protocol access to the physical network medium.

D. Protocol access to the links of a network.

The logical link control (LLC) sublayer of the data link layer manages communications between devices over a single link of a network. This sublayer is responsible for error control, flow control, and framing of data packets. It provides a reliable and transparent link for upper-layer protocols to transmit data over the network. The LLC sublayer ensures that data is properly encapsulated and delivered to the correct destination on the same network link.

Explanation

The logical link control (LLC) sublayer of the data link layer manages communications between devices over a single link of a network. This sublayer is responsible for error control, flow control, and framing of data packets. It provides a reliable and transparent link for upper-layer protocols to transmit data over the network. The LLC sublayer ensures that data is properly encapsulated and delivered to the correct destination on the same network link.

86. (235) Which system is the Department of Defense's (DOD) command and control (C2) system of record and full spectrum dominance enabler?

A. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

B. Global Command and Control System (GCCS).

C. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

D. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

The correct answer is b. Global Command and Control System (GCCS). The GCCS is the Department of Defense's (DOD) command and control system of record and full spectrum dominance enabler. This system provides a unified and integrated view of the battlefield, allowing commanders to make informed decisions and coordinate military operations effectively. It enables real-time situational awareness, information sharing, and collaboration across all branches of the military, enhancing the DOD's ability to achieve full spectrum dominance.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Global Command and Control System (GCCS). The GCCS is the Department of Defense's (DOD) command and control system of record and full spectrum dominance enabler. This system provides a unified and integrated view of the battlefield, allowing commanders to make informed decisions and coordinate military operations effectively. It enables real-time situational awareness, information sharing, and collaboration across all branches of the military, enhancing the DOD's ability to achieve full spectrum dominance.

87. (232) What system includes all owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software, data, security services, and other associated services necessary to achieve information superiority?

A. Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN).

B. Defense Information Systems Network (DISN).

C. Air Force Information Network (AFIN).

D. Defense Intelligence Network (DIN).

The Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN) includes all owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software, data, security services, and other associated services necessary to achieve information superiority. This means that it encompasses all the necessary components and infrastructure needed for effective information sharing and communication within the Department of Defense. The DODIN is a critical system for ensuring the security and efficiency of information flow within the defense organization.

Explanation

The Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN) includes all owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software, data, security services, and other associated services necessary to achieve information superiority. This means that it encompasses all the necessary components and infrastructure needed for effective information sharing and communication within the Department of Defense. The DODIN is a critical system for ensuring the security and efficiency of information flow within the defense organization.

88. (238) How many air defenses sectors is the Battle Control System-Fixed (BSC-F) divided into?

A. Six.

B. Five.

C. Four.

D. Two.

The Battle Control System-Fixed (BSC-F) is divided into two air defense sectors.

Explanation

The Battle Control System-Fixed (BSC-F) is divided into two air defense sectors.

89. (225) In general, how many operating system task categories are there?

A. Four.

B. Five.

C. Six.

D. Seven.

There are generally six operating system task categories. These categories include process management, memory management, file system management, device management, network management, and user interface management. Each category is responsible for different aspects of the operating system's functionality, such as managing running processes, allocating and managing memory, handling file operations, managing devices and drivers, handling network communication, and providing a user-friendly interface for users to interact with the system.

Explanation

There are generally six operating system task categories. These categories include process management, memory management, file system management, device management, network management, and user interface management. Each category is responsible for different aspects of the operating system's functionality, such as managing running processes, allocating and managing memory, handling file operations, managing devices and drivers, handling network communication, and providing a user-friendly interface for users to interact with the system.

90. (241) What system provides a secure communications path for command and control information in support of the Air Force's strategic aircraft and missile functions?

A. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

B. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

C. Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS).

D. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

The correct answer is a. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS). SACCS is a system that provides a secure communications path for command and control information in support of the Air Force's strategic aircraft and missile functions. This system ensures that critical information is transmitted securely and efficiently, allowing for effective command and control of strategic assets. The other options, DCGS, HF-GCS, and GCSS, are not specifically designed for this purpose and do not provide the same level of security and functionality as SACCS.

Explanation

The correct answer is a. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS). SACCS is a system that provides a secure communications path for command and control information in support of the Air Force's strategic aircraft and missile functions. This system ensures that critical information is transmitted securely and efficiently, allowing for effective command and control of strategic assets. The other options, DCGS, HF-GCS, and GCSS, are not specifically designed for this purpose and do not provide the same level of security and functionality as SACCS.

91. (205) How many volumes make up the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF) specification?

A. One.

B. Two.

C. Three.

D. Four.

The Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF) specification is composed of four volumes. Each volume provides guidance and standards for different aspects of the architecture framework, including the overall framework, the architecture data, the architecture products, and the architecture usage guide. These volumes work together to provide a comprehensive approach to developing and managing architectures within the Department of Defense.

Explanation

The Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF) specification is composed of four volumes. Each volume provides guidance and standards for different aspects of the architecture framework, including the overall framework, the architecture data, the architecture products, and the architecture usage guide. These volumes work together to provide a comprehensive approach to developing and managing architectures within the Department of Defense.

92. (233) What system is a telecommunications network that provides the exchange of information in an interoperable and global space, divided by security demands, transmission requirements and geographic needs of targeted end-user customers?

A. Department of Defense Information Network (DODIN).

B. Defense Information Systems Network (DISN).

C. Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA).

D. Air Force Information Network (AFIN).

The correct answer is b. Defense Information Systems Network (DISN). DISN is a telecommunications network that enables the exchange of information in a global space, catering to the specific security demands, transmission requirements, and geographic needs of targeted end-user customers. It is a system used by the Department of Defense to ensure interoperability and effective communication among military personnel and organizations.

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Defense Information Systems Network (DISN). DISN is a telecommunications network that enables the exchange of information in a global space, catering to the specific security demands, transmission requirements, and geographic needs of targeted end-user customers. It is a system used by the Department of Defense to ensure interoperability and effective communication among military personnel and organizations.

93. (241) Which system is the primary network used to transmit the Emergency Action Messages (EAM) generated by the National Military Command Center (NMCC) to the warfighting commanders in the field?

A. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

B. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

C. Global High Frequency Network (HF-GCS).

D. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

The primary network used to transmit the Emergency Action Messages (EAM) generated by the National Military Command Center (NMCC) to the warfighting commanders in the field is the Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

Explanation

The primary network used to transmit the Emergency Action Messages (EAM) generated by the National Military Command Center (NMCC) to the warfighting commanders in the field is the Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

94. (201) Which publication implements the Mishap Prevention Program?

A. Air Force Instruction (AFI) 91–200.

B. AFI 91–202.

C. Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 91–200.

D. AFMAN 91–202.

The correct answer is d. AFMAN 91-202. This publication implements the Mishap Prevention Program.

Explanation

The correct answer is d. AFMAN 91-202. This publication implements the Mishap Prevention Program.

95. (230) How would you determine if an intrusion detection system is required or another supplemental control is sufficient?

A. General Service Administration (GSA) makes that determination.

B. Office of Special Investigation (OSI) makes that determination.

C. Wing information office makes that determination.

D. By competing a risk assessment.

A risk assessment is a systematic process of evaluating the potential threats and vulnerabilities to an information system. It helps determine the likelihood and impact of security incidents and guides the selection of appropriate security controls. By completing a risk assessment, you can determine if an intrusion detection system is necessary or if other supplemental controls, such as firewalls or access controls, are sufficient to mitigate the identified risks.

Explanation

A risk assessment is a systematic process of evaluating the potential threats and vulnerabilities to an information system. It helps determine the likelihood and impact of security incidents and guides the selection of appropriate security controls. By completing a risk assessment, you can determine if an intrusion detection system is necessary or if other supplemental controls, such as firewalls or access controls, are sufficient to mitigate the identified risks.

96. (213) What characteristic is the major difference between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)?

A. ROM is volatile, RAM in non-volatile.

B. ROM is non-volatile, RAM is volatile.

C. RAM has a slower access time versus ROM.

D. ROM has a slower access time versus RAM.

ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off. This is the major difference between the two types of memory. Sources and related content

Explanation

ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off. This is the major difference between the two types of memory. Sources and related content

97. (229) Which classified document marking appears on the face of each classified United States document and shall indicate the authority for the classification determination and the duration of the classification.

A. Banner Lines.

B. Portion Marks.

C. Component and office.

D. Classification authority.

Portion Marks appear on the face of each classified United States document and indicate the authority for the classification determination and the duration of the classification. They are used to identify the specific portions of a document that are classified and provide information about the classification level and handling instructions for each portion. This helps individuals who handle the document to understand the extent and nature of the classified information contained within it.

Explanation

Portion Marks appear on the face of each classified United States document and indicate the authority for the classification determination and the duration of the classification. They are used to identify the specific portions of a document that are classified and provide information about the classification level and handling instructions for each portion. This helps individuals who handle the document to understand the extent and nature of the classified information contained within it.

98. (237) Which system is the Air Forces' primary intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) collection, processing, exploitation, analysis and dissemination system?

A. Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F).

B. Global Combat Support System (GCSS).

C. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS).

D. Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS).

The correct answer is c. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS). The DCGS is the primary ISR collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination system for the Air Forces. It is a network-centric system that allows for the integration and sharing of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance data across multiple platforms and locations. The DCGS enables real-time situational awareness and decision-making capabilities for the Air Forces.

Explanation

The correct answer is c. Distributed Common Ground Station (DCGS). The DCGS is the primary ISR collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination system for the Air Forces. It is a network-centric system that allows for the integration and sharing of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance data across multiple platforms and locations. The DCGS enables real-time situational awareness and decision-making capabilities for the Air Forces.

99. (223) Which type of encryption provides the greatest degree of protection since the information fully encodes all the way through the network to the users' own end terminals?

A. Internet Protocol.

B. End-to-end.

C. Bulk.

D. Link.

Internet Protocol encryption provides the greatest degree of protection since it fully encodes the information all the way through the network to the users' own end terminals. This means that the data is encrypted from the source to the destination, ensuring that it cannot be intercepted or tampered with during transmission. End-to-end encryption, on the other hand, only encrypts the data between the sender and the recipient, leaving it vulnerable to interception or tampering at other points in the network. Bulk and link encryption do not provide the same level of end-to-end protection as Internet Protocol encryption.

Explanation

Internet Protocol encryption provides the greatest degree of protection since it fully encodes the information all the way through the network to the users' own end terminals. This means that the data is encrypted from the source to the destination, ensuring that it cannot be intercepted or tampered with during transmission. End-to-end encryption, on the other hand, only encrypts the data between the sender and the recipient, leaving it vulnerable to interception or tampering at other points in the network. Bulk and link encryption do not provide the same level of end-to-end protection as Internet Protocol encryption.

100. (228) Computer security (COMPUSEC) vulnerabilities are broken down into how many categories?

A. 4.

B. 6.

C. 8.

D. 10.

Computer Security (COMPUSEC) vulnerabilities are categorized into eight main areas:

Physical access

Environmental

Communications

Hardware

Software

Human

Procedural

Emanations

Explanation

Computer Security (COMPUSEC) vulnerabilities are categorized into eight main areas:

Physical access

Environmental

Communications

Hardware

Software

Human

Procedural

Emanations

Z3dx5x UREs Volume 2