Major Test Chapters 1 - 3 (100 Pts)
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- 1.Inside the human body, heat is constantly generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions. Human must be able to release heat to the environment. The adaptation is necessary for maintaining _______________________________ .
- A.
Energy
- B.
Organization
- C.
Homeostasis
- D.
Locomotion
- 2.Sugar dissolves in or mixes completely with water. The solubility of a substance in water is determined by measuring the maximum amount of substance that dissolves in a given amount of water at a given temperature. Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water decreases. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable that you would use to test this hypothesis.
- A.
Dependent variable - volume of water; independent variable - water temperature
- B.
Dependent variable - water temperature; independent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves
- C.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - water temperature
- D.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - mineral content of water
- 3.A scientist performs a series of experiments to confirm an idea regarding cellular metabolism. The results of the experiments support the scientist's initial idea, and after conferring with colleagues, the scientist discovers that evidence from many experiments has supported the same idea. This idea could now be considered a(n) _______________
- A.
Theory
- B.
Hypothesis
- C.
Observation
- D.
Control
- 4.In an experiment, all variables are held constant except one. The, experimental results from testing are compared based on that one variable. What type of experiment is this?
- A.
A variable experiment
- B.
A multifactor experiment
- C.
A controlled experiment
- D.
A hypothetical experiment
- 5.A biochemist is performing an experiment to determine the effect of chemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
- A.
Test Tube 1
- B.
Test Tube 2
- C.
Test Tube 3
- D.
Test Tube 4
- 6.A scientist uses graphs, tables, and charts to publish research results. What type of research was he or she probably performing?
- A.
Descriptive research
- B.
Quantitative research
- C.
Qualitative research
- D.
Controlled research
- 7.Some cattle were given bovine growth hormone (BGH) to see if they would produce more meat. The animals were studied over a period of two years. Animals in Group A were injected with BGH. Animals in Group B were not injected with BGH. The table shows the results of the investigation. Which is a valid conclusion from this data?
- A.
BGH does not bring about an increase in mass.
- B.
The more BGH injected into the animal, the faster its mass will increase
- C.
Animals injected with the hormone will increase in mass faster than those who are not injected.
- D.
Animals injected with BGH will not increase mass as fast as animals that are not injected.
- 8.The results of an experiment show that as temperature increases, enzyme activity decreases. Which graph correctly displays these findings?
- A.
Graph A
- B.
Graph B
- C.
Graph C
- D.
Graph D
- 9.Which graph shows optimal enzyme activity at 50 degrees celsius?
- A.
Graph A
- B.
Graph B
- C.
Graph C
- D.
Graph D
- 10.Which does a polymer most closely resemble?
- A.
Circle
- B.
Link in a chain
- C.
Chain
- D.
Intersection
- 11.Different organisms store glucose in various forms. You discover a new species. Upon chemical analysis, you find that it is comprised of significant amounts of starch. To which organism might this new species be related?
- A.
Fern
- B.
Potato
- C.
Dog
- D.
Bacteria
- 12.Which is NOT true of lipids?
- A.
They are commonly called fats and oils.
- B.
They are hydrophobic.
- C.
They are good for energy storage.
- D.
They are polar.
- 13.A student drew and labeled the graph below based on the results of an experiment. Why did the student include the labels activation energy and energy released?
- A.
To explain why carbon dioxide and water react to form methane and oxygen
- B.
To show that the reaction needed heat to occur and is endothermic
- C.
To explain why the experiment gave off heat and is exothermic
- D.
To explain why methane and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water
- 14.What makes a water molecule polar?
- A.
Water has the ability to be frozen.
- B.
The pH of pure water varies with the temperature.
- C.
A water molecule has a slight charge on each end.
- D.
A water molecule is made up of three atoms.
- 15.Which is true about enzymes?
- A.
They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen substrates.
- B.
After a reaction, they cannot be reused.
- C.
They can speed up metabolic processes in the body.
- D.
They cannot change shape.
- 16.The diagram below shows two amino acids. What would biochemists call the result of chaining many of these molecules together?
- A.
A carbohydrate
- B.
A lipid
- C.
A nucleic acid
- D.
A protein
- 17.The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled catalyst also is known by what other name?
- A.
Antibody
- B.
Enzyme
- C.
Ion
- D.
Inorganic compound
- 18.You are analyzing a compound in a laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one carbon, two hydrogen, and one oxygen atom. How will you classify the compound?
- A.
Carbohydrate
- B.
Lipid
- C.
Protein
- D.
Nucleic acid
- 19.A recipe says to mix 100 g of sugar, a pinch of NaCl, and 1 g vanilla flavoring in 113 g of butter. Which ingredient is the solvent?
- A.
Sugar
- B.
Butter
- C.
NaCl
- D.
Vanilla flavoring
- 20.In the following equation, what are the products of the reaction?
- A.
Sugar and oxygen
- B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
- C.
Sugar and water
- D.
Carbon dioxide and water
- 21.You suspect that a chemical that you are testing in the lab is strongly acidic. What might be its pH?
- A.
2
- B.
7
- C.
11
- D.
14
- 22.Which class of macromolecules store and communicate genetic information?
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Nucleic acids
- 23.Which structure serves to support the cell from the inside?
- A.
Golgi
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Plasma membrane
- 24.An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions of a plant cell. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?
- A.
Lysosome
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Chloroplast
- D.
Cell wall
- 25.Why do many scientists think that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms on Earth?
- A.
Prokaryote cells have a nucleus.
- B.
Prokaryote cells are larger than eukaryote cells
- C.
Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.
- D.
They have membrane-bound organelles.
- 26.Which statement would NOT be included in a summary of the cell theory?
- A.
The cell is the basic unit of organization.
- B.
All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division.
- C.
All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
- D.
All cells come from other, preexisting cells.
- 27.Which letter in the diagram below indicates the structure that is most closely associated with protein building?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 28.How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?
- A.
One layer of phospholipids, through which proteins freely move
- B.
One layer of phospholipids, which are laid out end-to-end, with a hydrophobic tail touching a hydrophilic head
- C.
Two layers of phospholipids, each of which has its hydrophilic side turned inward
- D.
Two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other
- 29.In which structure would you find a nucleus?
- A.
Bacterial cell
- B.
Plant cell
- C.
Prokaryote
- D.
Virus
- 30.What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing?
- A.
Selective permeability
- B.
Phospholipid bilayer
- C.
Fluid mosaic construction
- D.
Impermeability to water
- 31.While viewing a slide of rapidly moving unicellular organisms, a student concludes that these organisms require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. What organelles provide this needed energy?
- A.
Vacuoles
- B.
Chloroplast
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Mitochondria
- 32.On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?
- A.
Chloroplasts and a cell wall
- B.
Ribosomes and vacuoles
- C.
A nucleus and ribosomes
- D.
A cell membrane and mitochondria
- 33.The diagram below represents a cell in water. Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.
- A.
The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than it is outside the cell.
- B.
The concentration of water outside the cell is too great.
- C.
The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.
- D.
The concentration of water inside the cell is greater than it is outside the cell.
- 34.How can the cytoskeleton of a cell be described?
- A.
Framework and anchor for organelles
- B.
Selectively permeable series of membranes
- C.
Semifluid material
- D.
Transport system
- 35.Which is the movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient that requires energy?
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Active transport
- D.
Facilitated diffusion
- 36.Which cell organelle is the control center and contains coded directions for production of proteins?
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Lysosomes
- C.
Golgi
- D.
Nucleus
- 37.Which organelle is show in the picture?
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Central vacuole
- C.
Golgi
- D.
Chloroplast
- 38.According to the diagram, what is the name of the structure labeled A?
- A.
Nuclear membrane
- B.
Nuclear pores
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Nucleolus
- 39.Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the cell membrane.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
- 40.Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the lysosome.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
- 41.Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
- 42.You are conducting an experiment to determine the presence of simple reducing sugars such as monosaccharides. Which indicator would you use to test for the presence of glucose?
- A.
Hydrogen Perioxide
- B.
Iodine
- C.
Benedict's solution
- D.
Biuret reagent
- 43.You are conducting a test to test for the presence of protein in a sample. What test or solution would you use and what would be you indication of positive for the presence of protein.
- A.
Iodine test; dark purple to black color change
- B.
Hydrogen Peroxide; presence of bubbles
- C.
Benedict's solution; dark brick red to brown color change after heating
- D.
Biuret test; lavender to dark purple color change
- 44.Which organelle has the function of aiding in the division of animal cells?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- 45.Which of the following is the process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vesicle at the cell membrane?
- A.
Passive transport
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Exocytosis
- D.
Facilitated diffusion
- 46.According to the picture, what transport process is being illustrated?
- A.
Facilitated diffusion
- B.
Simple diffusion
- C.
Endocytosis
- D.
Exocytosis
- 47.What structure is being shown in the image?
- A.
Phospholipid
- B.
Oil
- C.
Cholesterol
- D.
Glycoprotein
- 48.The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration by use of a protein is called _________________________ .
- A.
Simple diffusion
- B.
Facilitated diffusion
- C.
Active transport
- D.
Osmosis
- 49.DNA and RNA are two types of ____________________________ which are composed of the subunits ________________________ .
- A.
Carbohydrates - glucose
- B.
Lipids - fatty acids
- C.
Proteins - amino acids
- D.
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
- 50.Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the site of protein synthesis.
- A.
I
- B.
J
- C.
A
- D.
B
- E.
C
- F.
D
- G.
E
- H.
F
- I.
G
- J.
H
- 51.Sugar dissolves in or mixes completely with water. The solubility of a substance in water is determined by measuring the maximum amount of substance that dissolves in a given amount of water at a given temperature. Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water decreases. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable that you would use to test this hypothesis.
- A.
Dependent variable - volume of water; independent variable - water temperature
- B.
Dependent variable - water temperature; independent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves
- C.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - water temperature
- D.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - mineral content of water
- 52.In an experiment, all variables are held constant except one. The, experimental results from testing are compared based on that one variable. What type of experiment is this?
- A.
A variable experiment
- B.
A multifactor experiment
- C.
A controlled experiment
- D.
A hypothetical experiment
- 53.A biochemist is performing an experiment to determine the effect of chemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
- A.
Test Tube 1
- B.
Test Tube 2
- C.
Test Tube 3
- D.
Test Tube 4
- 54.Some cattle were given bovine growth hormone (BGH) to see if they would produce more meat. The animals were studied over a period of two years. Animals in Group A were injected with BGH. Animals in Group B were not injected with BGH. The table shows the results of the investigation. Which is a valid conclusion from this data?
- A.
BGH does not bring about an increase in mass.
- B.
The more BGH injected into the animal, the faster its mass will increase
- C.
Animals injected with the hormone will increase in mass faster than those who are not injected.
- D.
Animals injected with BGH will not increase mass as fast as animals that are not injected.
- 55.Which structure serves to support the cell from the inside?
- A.
Golgi
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Plasma membrane
- 56.Which statement would NOT be included in a summary of the cell theory?
- A.
The cell is the basic unit of organization.
- B.
All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division.
- C.
All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
- D.
All cells come from other, preexisting cells.
- 57.Which letter in the diagram below indicates the structure that is most closely associated with protein building?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- 58.In which structure would you find a nucleus?
- A.
Bacterial cell
- B.
Plant cell
- C.
Prokaryote
- D.
Virus
- 59.While viewing a slide of rapidly moving unicellular organisms, a student concludes that these organisms require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. What organelles provide this needed energy?
- A.
Vacuoles
- B.
Chloroplast
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Mitochondria
- 60.On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?
- A.
Chloroplasts and a cell wall
- B.
Ribosomes and vacuoles
- C.
A nucleus and ribosomes
- D.
A cell membrane and mitochondria
- 61.Which cell organelle is the control center and contains coded directions for production of proteins?
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Lysosomes
- C.
Golgi
- D.
Nucleus
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