Major Test Chapters 1 - 3 (100 Pts)
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Inside the human body, heat is constantly generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions. Human must be able to release heat to the environment. The adaptation is necessary for maintaining _______________________________ .
- A.
Energy
- B.
Organization
- C.
Homeostasis
- D.
Locomotion
Correct Answer
C. HomeostasisExplanation
The adaptation is necessary for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. In this case, the body needs to release heat to the environment in order to regulate its temperature and prevent overheating. This is crucial for the body to function properly and maintain a balanced state.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Sugar dissolves in or mixes completely with water. The solubility of a substance in water is determined by measuring the maximum amount of substance that dissolves in a given amount of water at a given temperature. Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water decreases. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable that you would use to test this hypothesis.
- A.
Dependent variable - volume of water; independent variable - water temperature
- B.
Dependent variable - water temperature; independent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves
- C.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - water temperature
- D.
Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - mineral content of water
Correct Answer
C. Dependent variable - amount of sugar that dissolves; independent variable - water temperatureExplanation
The hypothesis states that the solubility of sugar in water decreases. To test this hypothesis, the dependent variable would be the amount of sugar that dissolves, as this is what is being measured and observed. The independent variable would be the water temperature, as it is being manipulated and controlled to see its effect on the solubility of sugar.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A scientist performs a series of experiments to confirm an idea regarding cellular metabolism. The results of the experiments support the scientist's initial idea, and after conferring with colleagues, the scientist discovers that evidence from many experiments has supported the same idea. This idea could now be considered a(n) _______________
- A.
Theory
- B.
Hypothesis
- C.
Observation
- D.
Control
Correct Answer
A. TheoryExplanation
The correct answer is theory. In this scenario, the scientist performs experiments to confirm an idea regarding cellular metabolism. The results of these experiments support the scientist's initial idea, and after discussing with colleagues, the scientist learns that evidence from many experiments has also supported the same idea. Based on this accumulation of evidence, the idea can now be considered a theory. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and can be used to make predictions or explanations.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In an experiment, all variables are held constant except one. The, experimental results from testing are compared based on that one variable. What type of experiment is this?
- A.
A variable experiment
- B.
A multifactor experiment
- C.
A controlled experiment
- D.
A hypothetical experiment
Correct Answer
C. A controlled experimentExplanation
A controlled experiment is an experiment where all variables, except one, are kept constant. This allows researchers to isolate the effect of that specific variable and compare the experimental results based on it. By controlling all other factors, the researchers can determine whether the observed changes are due to the manipulated variable or other external factors.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A biochemist is performing an experiment to determine the effect of chemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
- A.
Test Tube 1
- B.
Test Tube 2
- C.
Test Tube 3
- D.
Test Tube 4
Correct Answer
A. Test Tube 1Explanation
Test Tube 1 is the control because it does not contain chemical X. In an experiment, the control group is used as a baseline to compare the results of the experimental groups. By not adding chemical X to Test Tube 1, the biochemist can observe the natural growth of bacteria without any external factors influencing it. This allows for a comparison to be made between the growth of bacteria in the other test tubes that do contain chemical X, helping to determine the effect of chemical X on bacterial growth.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A scientist uses graphs, tables, and charts to publish research results. What type of research was he or she probably performing?
- A.
Descriptive research
- B.
Quantitative research
- C.
Qualitative research
- D.
Controlled research
Correct Answer
B. Quantitative researchExplanation
The scientist is most likely performing quantitative research because graphs, tables, and charts are commonly used to present numerical data and statistics in this type of research. Quantitative research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to draw conclusions and make generalizations.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Some cattle were given bovine growth hormone (BGH) to see if they would produce more meat. The animals were studied over a period of two years. Animals in Group A were injected with BGH. Animals in Group B were not injected with BGH. The table shows the results of the investigation. Which is a valid conclusion from this data?
- A.
BGH does not bring about an increase in mass.
- B.
The more BGH injected into the animal, the faster its mass will increase
- C.
Animals injected with the hormone will increase in mass faster than those who are not injected.
- D.
Animals injected with BGH will not increase mass as fast as animals that are not injected.
Correct Answer
C. Animals injected with the hormone will increase in mass faster than those who are not injected.Explanation
The table shows that the animals in Group A, which were injected with BGH, had a higher increase in mass compared to the animals in Group B, which were not injected with BGH. This suggests that the hormone has a positive effect on increasing mass. Therefore, the valid conclusion from this data is that animals injected with the hormone will increase in mass faster than those who are not injected.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The results of an experiment show that as temperature increases, enzyme activity decreases. Which graph correctly displays these findings?
- A.
Graph A
- B.
Graph B
- C.
Graph C
- D.
Graph D
Correct Answer
D. Graph DExplanation
Graph D correctly displays the findings that as temperature increases, enzyme activity decreases. In Graph D, as the temperature increases from left to right, the enzyme activity decreases steadily. This is indicated by the downward slope of the line on the graph. The other graphs (A, B, and C) either show no clear relationship between temperature and enzyme activity or display an incorrect trend where enzyme activity increases with temperature. Therefore, Graph D is the correct representation of the given findings.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which graph shows optimal enzyme activity at 50 degrees celsius?
- A.
Graph A
- B.
Graph B
- C.
Graph C
- D.
Graph D
Correct Answer
B. Graph BExplanation
Graph B shows optimal enzyme activity at 50 degrees Celsius because it has the highest point on the graph, indicating the maximum enzyme activity at that temperature. The other graphs either have lower enzyme activity at 50 degrees Celsius or do not show a clear peak at that temperature.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which does a polymer most closely resemble?
- A.
Circle
- B.
Link in a chain
- C.
Chain
- D.
Intersection
Correct Answer
C. ChainExplanation
A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers. Just like a chain, a polymer consists of multiple units linked together in a linear fashion. Each monomer acts as a "link" in the polymer chain, similar to how links connect to form a chain. Therefore, a polymer most closely resembles a chain.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Different organisms store glucose in various forms. You discover a new species. Upon chemical analysis, you find that it is comprised of significant amounts of starch. To which organism might this new species be related?
- A.
Fern
- B.
Potato
- C.
Dog
- D.
Bacteria
Correct Answer
B. PotatoExplanation
The presence of significant amounts of starch in the new species suggests that it is related to the potato. Starch is a common form of glucose storage in plants, including potatoes. Ferns do not typically store glucose as starch, and dogs and bacteria do not store glucose in the form of starch at all. Therefore, the new species is most likely related to the potato.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which is NOT true of lipids?
- A.
They are commonly called fats and oils.
- B.
They are hydrophobic.
- C.
They are good for energy storage.
- D.
They are polar.
Correct Answer
D. They are polar.Explanation
Lipids are commonly called fats and oils, they are hydrophobic, and they are good for energy storage. However, lipids are not polar. Polar molecules have a positive and negative end, while lipids are nonpolar molecules that do not have charged ends.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A student drew and labeled the graph below based on the results of an experiment. Why did the student include the labels activation energy and energy released?
- A.
To explain why carbon dioxide and water react to form methane and oxygen
- B.
To show that the reaction needed heat to occur and is endothermic
- C.
To explain why the experiment gave off heat and is exothermic
- D.
To explain why methane and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water
Correct Answer
C. To explain why the experiment gave off heat and is exothermicExplanation
The student included the labels "activation energy" and "energy released" to explain why the experiment gave off heat and is exothermic. Activation energy refers to the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. By including this label, the student is indicating that the reaction needed heat to occur. The label "energy released" suggests that during the reaction, energy was released in the form of heat, indicating that the reaction is exothermic.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What makes a water molecule polar?
- A.
Water has the ability to be frozen.
- B.
The pH of pure water varies with the temperature.
- C.
A water molecule has a slight charge on each end.
- D.
A water molecule is made up of three atoms.
Correct Answer
C. A water molecule has a slight charge on each end.Explanation
A water molecule is polar because it has a slight charge on each end. This is due to the unequal distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, giving it a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other, giving water its unique properties such as high surface tension and the ability to dissolve many substances.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which is true about enzymes?
- A.
They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen substrates.
- B.
After a reaction, they cannot be reused.
- C.
They can speed up metabolic processes in the body.
- D.
They cannot change shape.
Correct Answer
C. They can speed up metabolic processes in the body.Explanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts that can speed up metabolic processes in the body. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing the reaction to happen more quickly. Enzymes are highly specific in their action and can recognize and bind to specific substrates. After a reaction, enzymes are not consumed or changed, so they can be reused multiple times. Enzymes are also capable of changing their shape to accommodate the substrate, which is essential for their function.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The diagram below shows two amino acids. What would biochemists call the result of chaining many of these molecules together?
- A.
A carbohydrate
- B.
A lipid
- C.
A nucleic acid
- D.
A protein
Correct Answer
D. A proteinExplanation
The diagram shows two amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Biochemists would call the result of chaining many of these molecules together a protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. They play a crucial role in various biological processes and are involved in the structure, function, and regulation of cells and tissues in the body.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled catalyst also is known by what other name?
- A.
Antibody
- B.
Enzyme
- C.
Ion
- D.
Inorganic compound
Correct Answer
B. EnzymeExplanation
The substance labeled catalyst in the diagram is known as an enzyme. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in organisms. They are typically proteins that facilitate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are specific in their function and can be reused multiple times. They play a vital role in various biological processes, such as digestion, metabolism, and cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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- 18.
You are analyzing a compound in a laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one carbon, two hydrogen, and one oxygen atom. How will you classify the compound?
- A.
Carbohydrate
- B.
Lipid
- C.
Protein
- D.
Nucleic acid
Correct Answer
A. CarbohydrateExplanation
Based on the given information, the compound is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. This matches the general formula for carbohydrates, which are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms being 2:1, just like in this case. Therefore, the compound can be classified as a carbohydrate.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A recipe says to mix 100 g of sugar, a pinch of NaCl, and 1 g vanilla flavoring in 113 g of butter. Which ingredient is the solvent?
- A.
Sugar
- B.
Butter
- C.
NaCl
- D.
Vanilla flavoring
Correct Answer
B. ButterExplanation
In this recipe, the solvent is the substance that dissolves the other ingredients. The butter is the only ingredient mentioned that has the ability to dissolve the sugar, NaCl, and vanilla flavoring. Therefore, the butter is the solvent in this mixture.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In the following equation, what are the products of the reaction?
- A.
Sugar and oxygen
- B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
- C.
Sugar and water
- D.
Carbon dioxide and water
Correct Answer
D. Carbon dioxide and waterExplanation
When sugar reacts with oxygen, the products of the reaction are carbon dioxide and water. This is a combustion reaction, where sugar (a carbohydrate) is oxidized by oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.Rate this question:
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- 21.
You suspect that a chemical that you are testing in the lab is strongly acidic. What might be its pH?
- A.
2
- B.
7
- C.
11
- D.
14
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
A pH value of 2 indicates a strongly acidic solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 considered acidic. A pH of 2 suggests a high concentration of hydrogen ions, indicating a strong acidity.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which class of macromolecules store and communicate genetic information?
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Nucleic acids
Correct Answer
A. Carbohydrates -
- 23.
Which structure serves to support the cell from the inside?
- A.
Golgi
- B.
Cytoskeleton
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Plasma membrane
Correct Answer
B. CytoskeletonExplanation
The cytoskeleton serves to support the cell from the inside. It is a network of protein filaments that provide structural support and maintain the shape of the cell. Additionally, the cytoskeleton is involved in cell movement, cell division, and the transport of materials within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 24.
An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions of a plant cell. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?
- A.
Lysosome
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Chloroplast
- D.
Cell wall
Correct Answer
D. Cell wallExplanation
The cell wall is most likely affected by the toxin. The cell wall is responsible for maintaining the shape and providing structural support to plant cells. It also acts as a barrier and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. If proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm, it suggests that the cell wall is not functioning properly, allowing these proteins to be misplaced.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Why do many scientists think that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms on Earth?
- A.
Prokaryote cells have a nucleus.
- B.
Prokaryote cells are larger than eukaryote cells
- C.
Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.
- D.
They have membrane-bound organelles.
Correct Answer
C. Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.Explanation
Many scientists believe that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms on Earth because they have no nucleus. The absence of a nucleus is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which are considered to be simpler and more primitive than eukaryotic cells. It is believed that the first organisms on Earth were simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus, similar to prokaryotes. Therefore, the lack of a nucleus in prokaryotic cells supports the idea that they are similar to the first organisms on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which statement would NOT be included in a summary of the cell theory?
- A.
The cell is the basic unit of organization.
- B.
All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division.
- C.
All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
- D.
All cells come from other, preexisting cells.
Correct Answer
B. All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division.Explanation
The statement "All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division" would not be included in a summary of the cell theory because it is not a universally accepted component of the theory. While many cells do contain a nucleus that controls cell division, there are also cells, such as prokaryotic cells, that do not have a nucleus but still undergo cell division. The cell theory primarily focuses on the concepts that the cell is the basic unit of organization, all organisms are made up of at least one cell, and all cells come from preexisting cells.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which letter in the diagram below indicates the structure that is most closely associated with protein building?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
The letter C in the diagram indicates the structure that is most closely associated with protein building. This is because the structure shown in letter C represents a ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles where proteins are assembled by linking amino acids together in a specific order according to the instructions provided by messenger RNA (mRNA). Therefore, the ribosome is closely associated with the process of protein building.Rate this question:
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- 28.
How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?
- A.
One layer of phospholipids, through which proteins freely move
- B.
One layer of phospholipids, which are laid out end-to-end, with a hydrophobic tail touching a hydrophilic head
- C.
Two layers of phospholipids, each of which has its hydrophilic side turned inward
- D.
Two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other
Correct Answer
D. Two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each otherExplanation
The plasma membrane of a cell is organized into two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other. This arrangement forms a lipid bilayer, where the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids are sandwiched between the hydrophilic heads. This structure provides a barrier that controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell, while allowing proteins to freely move within the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In which structure would you find a nucleus?
- A.
Bacterial cell
- B.
Plant cell
- C.
Prokaryote
- D.
Virus
Correct Answer
B. Plant cellExplanation
The correct answer is plant cell because plant cells are eukaryotic cells that contain a nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic material, including DNA. It is responsible for controlling the cell's activities and contains the instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction. Bacterial cells, prokaryotes, and viruses do not have a nucleus. Bacterial cells have a nucleoid region where their genetic material is located, prokaryotes lack a nucleus altogether, and viruses are acellular particles that do not have a nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing?
- A.
Selective permeability
- B.
Phospholipid bilayer
- C.
Fluid mosaic construction
- D.
Impermeability to water
Correct Answer
A. Selective permeabilityExplanation
The characteristic of the plasma membrane illustrated in this drawing is selective permeability. This means that the membrane allows only certain substances to pass through while preventing the passage of others. The drawing likely shows different molecules or ions selectively passing through the membrane, demonstrating its ability to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 31.
While viewing a slide of rapidly moving unicellular organisms, a student concludes that these organisms require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. What organelles provide this needed energy?
- A.
Vacuoles
- B.
Chloroplast
- C.
Ribosomes
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
D. MitochondriaExplanation
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for providing energy to cells through the process of cellular respiration. They generate ATP, which is the main source of energy for cellular activities. Since the unicellular organisms mentioned in the question are rapidly moving, they require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that mitochondria provide the needed energy for these organisms.Rate this question:
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- 32.
On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?
- A.
Chloroplasts and a cell wall
- B.
Ribosomes and vacuoles
- C.
A nucleus and ribosomes
- D.
A cell membrane and mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. Chloroplasts and a cell wallExplanation
The student would look for chloroplasts and a cell wall to determine if the cells under the microscope are plant cells. Plant cells have chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, and a cell wall that provides structural support. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts or a cell wall. Therefore, the presence of chloroplasts and a cell wall would indicate that the cells are plant cells.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The diagram below represents a cell in water. Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.
- A.
The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than it is outside the cell.
- B.
The concentration of water outside the cell is too great.
- C.
The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.
- D.
The concentration of water inside the cell is greater than it is outside the cell.
Correct Answer
C. The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.Explanation
The correct answer is that the concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell. This difference in solute concentration creates an osmotic gradient, causing water to move out of the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 34.
How can the cytoskeleton of a cell be described?
- A.
Framework and anchor for organelles
- B.
Selectively permeable series of membranes
- C.
Semifluid material
- D.
Transport system
Correct Answer
A. Framework and anchor for organellesExplanation
The cytoskeleton of a cell can be described as a framework and anchor for organelles. This means that it provides structural support and stability to the cell, allowing the organelles to be properly organized and positioned within the cell. The cytoskeleton also helps in cell movement and division by providing a scaffold for cellular processes. Overall, the cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape and function of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which is the movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient that requires energy?
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Active transport
- D.
Facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer
C. Active transportExplanation
Active transport is the movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient that requires energy. This process uses energy in the form of ATP to pump molecules or ions across the membrane, allowing them to move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Unlike diffusion or facilitated diffusion, active transport requires energy input and is able to move substances against their concentration gradient, allowing the cell to maintain specific internal concentrations of molecules or ions. Osmosis, on the other hand, is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which cell organelle is the control center and contains coded directions for production of proteins?
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Lysosomes
- C.
Golgi
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains coded directions for the production of proteins. It houses the cell's genetic material, DNA, which carries the instructions for protein synthesis. The nucleus regulates the cell's activities by controlling gene expression and directing the production of specific proteins needed for various cellular functions.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which organelle is show in the picture?
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Central vacuole
- C.
Golgi
- D.
Chloroplast
Correct Answer
D. ChloroplastExplanation
The correct answer is chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into energy. In the picture, we can see a green structure, which is characteristic of chloroplasts due to the presence of chlorophyll. This organelle is responsible for the production of glucose and oxygen in plants.Rate this question:
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- 38.
According to the diagram, what is the name of the structure labeled A?
- A.
Nuclear membrane
- B.
Nuclear pores
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Nucleolus
Correct Answer
D. NucleolusExplanation
The structure labeled A in the diagram is the nucleolus. The nucleolus is a distinct region within the nucleus of a cell that is responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomes. It is often depicted as a dense, spherical structure and can be easily identified in the diagram.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the cell membrane.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
Correct Answer
G. GExplanation
The correct answer is G. In the diagram, G is the only letter that is positioned around the entire cell, indicating that it represents the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the lysosome.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
The letter C represents the lysosome in the diagram.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- I.
I
- J.
J
Correct Answer
H. HExplanation
The letter H represents the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and has ribosomes attached to its surface, which gives it a "rough" appearance. The diagram likely shows the different organelles within a cell, and by identifying the letter H, we can determine that it represents the rough endoplasmic reticulum.Rate this question:
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- 42.
You are conducting an experiment to determine the presence of simple reducing sugars such as monosaccharides. Which indicator would you use to test for the presence of glucose?
- A.
Hydrogen Perioxide
- B.
Iodine
- C.
Benedict's solution
- D.
Biuret reagent
Correct Answer
C. Benedict's solutionExplanation
Benedict's solution is used to test for the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose. When Benedict's solution is added to a sample containing glucose and heated, it undergoes a color change from blue to green, yellow, orange, or red, depending on the concentration of glucose. This color change occurs because glucose reduces the copper ions in Benedict's solution, forming a precipitate. Therefore, Benedict's solution is the appropriate indicator to test for the presence of glucose.Rate this question:
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- 43.
You are conducting a test to test for the presence of protein in a sample. What test or solution would you use and what would be you indication of positive for the presence of protein.
- A.
Iodine test; dark purple to black color change
- B.
Hydrogen Peroxide; presence of bubbles
- C.
Benedict's solution; dark brick red to brown color change after heating
- D.
Biuret test; lavender to dark purple color change
Correct Answer
D. Biuret test; lavender to dark purple color changeExplanation
The Biuret test is used to test for the presence of protein in a sample. The indication of a positive result for the presence of protein is a color change from lavender to dark purple. This color change occurs due to the reaction between the peptide bonds in proteins and the Biuret reagent, resulting in the formation of a complex that exhibits this color change.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which organelle has the function of aiding in the division of animal cells?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
E. EExplanation
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. The organelle that aids in the division of animal cells is the centriole, which is found in the centrosome. Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division by organizing the microtubules that form the spindle apparatus, which helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Therefore, option E is the correct answer as it represents the centriole organelle.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following is the process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vesicle at the cell membrane?
- A.
Passive transport
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Exocytosis
- D.
Facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer
B. EndocytosisExplanation
Endocytosis is the process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vesicle at the cell membrane. During endocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates, or folds inward, to form a vesicle that surrounds the material to be taken in. This allows the cell to internalize substances from the extracellular environment. Endocytosis is an active process that requires energy and is used by cells to uptake nutrients, engulf pathogens, and regulate cell signaling. In contrast, passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and exocytosis involve the movement of materials out of the cell or across the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 46.
According to the picture, what transport process is being illustrated?
- A.
Facilitated diffusion
- B.
Simple diffusion
- C.
Endocytosis
- D.
Exocytosis
Correct Answer
D. ExocytosisExplanation
The picture is illustrating the process of exocytosis. Exocytosis is a transport process where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell. In the picture, it can be observed that a vesicle is merging with the cell membrane and releasing its contents into the extracellular space. This process is characteristic of exocytosis, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What structure is being shown in the image?
- A.
Phospholipid
- B.
Oil
- C.
Cholesterol
- D.
Glycoprotein
Correct Answer
A. PhospholipidExplanation
The structure being shown in the image is a phospholipid. Phospholipids are a type of lipid molecule that make up the basic structure of cell membranes. They have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails, which arrange themselves in a bilayer formation. This allows phospholipids to form a barrier between the inside and outside of cells, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration by use of a protein is called _________________________ .
- A.
Simple diffusion
- B.
Facilitated diffusion
- C.
Active transport
- D.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
B. Facilitated diffusionExplanation
Facilitated diffusion is the correct answer because it involves the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a protein. This process does not require energy and is passive, unlike active transport. Simple diffusion refers to the movement of molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer without the need for a protein. Osmosis, on the other hand, is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.Rate this question:
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- 49.
DNA and RNA are two types of ____________________________ which are composed of the subunits ________________________ .
- A.
Carbohydrates - glucose
- B.
Lipids - fatty acids
- C.
Proteins - amino acids
- D.
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
Correct Answer
D. Nucleic acids - nucleotidesExplanation
DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are composed of the subunits called nucleotides. DNA and RNA are both involved in the storage and transmission of genetic information in living organisms. Nucleotides are made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA determines the genetic code and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Using the diagram, identify the letter that represents the site of protein synthesis.
- A.
I
- B.
J
- C.
A
- D.
B
- E.
C
- F.
D
- G.
E
- H.
F
- I.
G
- J.
H
Correct Answer
A. IExplanation
The letter "I" represents the site of protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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