End Of Course Biology Test Prep

25 Questions | By Jtwelch84 | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 2572

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You’ve put in a lot of work to get to this point, ladies and gentlemen, but it’s time for your end of course examinations! We’re going to find out what you’ve learned about the scientific study of life known as biology, and if you know enough about all of it to proceed to the next year of your studies! Let’s take a practice quiz first though, shall we? Let’s see what you’ve learned!

Questions and Answers

1.

Lemurs’ bodies are adapted to efficiently store energy for times when food is scarce. This adaptation may help to explain how lemur ancestors survived the trip across the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa to Madagascar. Which of the following types of molecules are primarily used for long-term energy storage in the lemur?
- A.
  
  Lipids
- B.
  
  Carbohydrates
- C.
  
  Nucleic Acids
- D.
  
  Proteins
2.

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
- A.
  
  Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
- B.
  
  Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions.
- C.
  
  The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing
- D.
  
  The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
3.

If an animal cell is placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process?
- A.
  
  Active transport
- B.
  
  Enzyme activity
- C.
  
  Osmosis
- D.
  
  Respiration
4.

Which of these will complete the mRNA strand matched to DNA?
- A.
  
  CAG
- B.
  
  AUG
- C.
  
  GUC
- D.
  
  UAC
5.

A carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following is the correct number of chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis?
- A.
  
  9
- B.
  
  18
- C.
  
  36
- D.
  
  54
6.

A young patient is diagnosed with the genetic disorder lactose intolerance, which results in the inability to digest milk products due to a missing enzyme called lactase. What is most likely the cause of lactose intolerance in this patient?
- A.
  
  The patient is allergic to milk
- B.
  
  The patient stopped consuming milk products
- C.
  
  A disease destroyed the lining of the patient’s small intestine
- D.
  
  A mutation occurred in the gene that is responsible for producing lactase
7.

In an experiment, chickens were fed grain that contained a chemical marker in its proteins. The presence of the marker can be detected in organisms. Which of the following is the most reasonable prediction from this experiment?
- A.
  
  The marker will only be found in the grain.
- B.
  
  Both chickens and wolves will have the marker.
- C.
  
  Wolves will have the marker, but chickens will not.
- D.
  
  The marker will only be found in the animals' wastes.
8.

Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid from this web?
- A.
  
  Energy Pyramid A
- B.
  
  Energy Pyramid B
- C.
  
  Energy Pyramid C
- D.
  
  Energy Pyramid D
9.

Which hypothesis would most likely be tested using this setup?
- A.
  
  Green water plants release a gas in the presence of light.
- B.
  
  Roots of water plants absorb minerals in the absence of light.
- C.
  
  Green plants need light for cell division.
- D.
  
  Plants grow best in the absence of light.
10.

In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Which of the following is most likely to happen next to the atom of carbon in this molecule?
- A.
  
  It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant.
- B.
  
  It may become part of a protein in an animal.
- C.
  
  It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned.
- D.
  
  It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium.
11.

At position Y, carbon is most likely to be in which of the following forms?
- A.
  
  Protein
- B.
  
  Solid Carbon
- C.
  
  Carbohydrate
- D.
  
  Carbon Dioxide
12.

A food web is shown below. Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes over time?
- A.
  
  A decrease in owls
- B.
  
  An increase in hawks
- C.
  
  An increase in mountain lions
- D.
  
  A decrease in raspberry bushes
13.

If many trees are removed from a forest, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest?
- A.
  
  Increased rates of decomposition
- B.
  
  Decreased use of atmospheric CO2
- C.
  
  Decreased combustion of fossil fuels
- D.
  
  Increased production of organic compounds
14.

Fireflies produce light inside their bodies. The enzyme luciferase is involved in the reaction that produces the light. Scientists have isolated the luciferase gene. A scientist inserts the luciferase gene into the DNA of cells from another organism. If these cells produce light, the scientist knows that which of the following occurred?
- A.
  
  The luciferase gene mutated inside the cells.
- B.
  
  The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated.
- C.
  
  The luciferase gene destroyed the original genes of the cells.
- D.
  
  The luciferase gene moved from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum.
15.

Which of the following best describes the result of a mutation in an organism's DNA?
- A.
  
  The mutation may produce a zygote.
- B.
  
  The mutation may cause phenotypic change.
- C.
  
  The mutation causes damage when it occurs.
- D.
  
  The mutation creates entirely new organisms.
16.

Assume that brown eyes (B) are dominant over tan eyes (b) in guinea pigs. When a brown-eyed male is mated with a tan-eyed female, 50% of the litter has brown eyes and 50% has tan eyes. What is the genotype of the female guinea pig?
- A.
  
  BB
- B.
  
  Bb
- C.
  
  Bt
- D.
  
  Bb
17.

Thousands of years ago, giraffes with short necks were common within giraffe populations. Nearly all giraffe populations today have long necks. This difference could be due to:
- A.
  
  Giraffes stretching their necks to keep their heads out of reach of predators
- B.
  
  Giraffes stretching their necks so they could reach food higher in the trees
- C.
  
  A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size occurring in some skin cells of a giraffe
- D.
  
  A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size occurring in the reproductive cells of a giraffe.
18.

Scientists have concluded that snakes evolved from an ancestor with legs. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence for this conclusion?
- A.
  
  Most species of snakes live on land.
- B.
  
  Snakes move extremely fast to catch their prey
- C.
  
  Snakes have a well-developed backbone and muscular system.
- D.
  
  Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development.
19.

Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred?
- A.
  
  It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.
- B.
  
  It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms.
- C.
  
  It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar.
- D.
  
  It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time.
20.

On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains what favors speciation in these situations?
- A.
  
  Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands.
- B.
  
  Lack of disease on the other islands enables the populations to grow and change without limit.
- C.
  
  The physical separation of the islands limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations.
- D.
  
  The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year and produce several generations
21.

Athletes want a drink to help them maintain constant cellular respiration during their game. To accomplish this goal, their drink should contain
- A.
  
  ATP
- B.
  
  Lipids
- C.
  
  Glucose
- D.
  
  Proteins
22.

Timothy has attached earlobes. His mother and father both have free earlobes, which are dominant. Which statement explains how Timothy inherited attached earlobes?
- A.
  
  He received a recessive allele from each parent
- B.
  
  He received a dominant allele from each parent
- C.
  
  He received a recessive allele from his mother and a dominant allele from his father
- D.
  
  He received a dominant allele from his mother and a recessive allele from his father
23.

Which two processes result in variations that commonly influence the evolution of sexually reproducing species?
- A.
  
  Mitosis and natural selection
- B.
  
  Extinction and gene replacement
- C.
  
  Mutation and genetic recombination
- D.
  
  Environmental selection and selective breeding
24.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as –
- A.
  
  Replication
- B.
  
  Cytokinesis
- C.
  
  Crossing over
- D.
  
  Internal fertilization
25.

An organism Jimsonweed, a common plant in New Jersey, has 12 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes will an egg cell of this plant have?
- A.
  
  6 chromosomes
- B.
  
  12 chromosomes
- C.
  
  18 chromosomes
- D.
  
  24 chromosomes