Biology 100 Test 1
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While walking around campus, you notice that hummingbirds often visit red flowers. You wonder why hummingbirds often visit red flowers. You think that perhaps hummingbirds prefer red flowers to flowers of other colors. You conduct an experiment in which you give hummingbirds the choice of visiting a red flower, a white flower, and yellow flower must differ only in color for this experiment to work. In the scenario above, which represents a prediction?
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Hummingbirds prefer red flowers to flowers of other colors.
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Hummingbirds often visit red flowers.
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If hummingbirds prefer red flowers, then they will choose to visit a red flower over a white flower or a yellow flower.
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Why do hummingbirds often visit red flowers.
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Biology is the natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms. It is a broad and complicated, but with enough practice and reading, it is more than interesting. Take up the quiz below and find out more.
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- 2.
in the scenario above, which one represents an observation?
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Hummingbirds prefer red flowers to flowers of other colors.
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Hummingbirds often visit red flowers.
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If hummingbirds prefer red flowers, then they will choose to visit a red flower over a white flower or a yellow flower.
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Why do hummingbirds often visit red flowers.
Correct Answer
A. Hummingbirds often visit red flowers.Explanation
The statement "Hummingbirds often visit red flowers" represents an observation because it describes a behavior that can be directly observed and measured. It does not make any assumptions or predictions, but rather states a fact about the behavior of hummingbirds.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following sets of features are common to all cells?
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They contain DNA, ribosomes, and mitochondria
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They contain DNA, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
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They contain DNA and ribosomes enclosed within a nucleus
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They contain DNA, ribosomes, and plasma (cell) membranes
Correct Answer
A. They contain DNA, ribosomes, and plasma (cell) membranesExplanation
All cells contain DNA, which is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the cell's functions. Ribosomes are also present in all cells and are responsible for protein synthesis. Additionally, all cells have plasma (cell) membranes that surround and protect the cell, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are not found in all cells, as they are specific to certain types of cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In the diagram to the right, the 15% sucrose solution outside the circle is separated from the 25% sucrose solution inside the circle by a selectively permeable membrane that is permeable only to water. Which of the following would you expect to occur?
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A net movement of sucrose into the circle
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A net movement of water into the circle
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A net movement of sucrose out of the circle
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A net movement of water out of the circle
Correct Answer
A. A net movement of water into the circleExplanation
The 15% sucrose solution outside the circle has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the 25% sucrose solution inside the circle. Since the selectively permeable membrane is permeable only to water, water molecules will move from an area of lower solute concentration (outside the circle) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside the circle) through the process of osmosis. Therefore, a net movement of water into the circle would be expected.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is/are true of enzymes? Choose the best answer.
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They increase the energy of activation of a reaction.
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Their shape determines their function.
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Once they have been used, they are unchanged and can be reused.
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All of the above are true
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B and C are true, but not A
Correct Answer
A. B and C are true, but not AExplanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the energy of activation. This means that they make it easier for a reaction to occur by reducing the amount of energy required to start the reaction. The second statement, "Their shape determines their function," is also true. Enzymes have specific shapes that allow them to bind to specific substrates and catalyze specific reactions. The third statement, "Once they have been used, they are unchanged and can be reused," is not true. Enzymes can be denatured or altered during a reaction and may require certain conditions or cofactors to function properly. Therefore, the correct answer is "B and C are true, but not A."Rate this question:
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- 6.
Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs solar energy during:
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The Calvin cycle
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The Kreb's cycle
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The light reactions
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Glycolysis
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Chemiosmosis
Correct Answer
A. The light reactionsExplanation
Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs solar energy during the light reactions. The light reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts of plant cells capture photons of light and use their energy to excite electrons, which then participate in a series of reactions that generate ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are essential for the subsequent Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into glucose. Therefore, chlorophyll's role in absorbing solar energy is crucial during the light reactions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The light reactions occur in the
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Thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast
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Stroma of a chloroplast
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Cristae of a mitochondria
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Endoplasmic reticulum of skin cell
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Cytoplasm
Correct Answer
A. Thylakoid membranes of a chloroplastExplanation
The correct answer is thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast. This is because the light reactions of photosynthesis, which involve the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. The thylakoid membranes contain pigments like chlorophyll that capture light energy, and the reactions that take place in these membranes generate ATP and NADPH, which are used in the subsequent dark reactions of photosynthesis. The stroma of the chloroplast, on the other hand, is where the dark reactions occur. The other options (cristae of a mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of a skin cell, and cytoplasm) are not involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following statements about membranes is false?
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Membranes can be described as a fluid mosaic of embedded molecules
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The appearance of membrane-bound organelles conferred many evolutionary advantages on the organisms that had them
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Membranes are selectively permeable so only some substances are able to move across them
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The primary membrane structure of a membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
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Membranes are found only in eukaryotic cells
Correct Answer
A. Membranes are found only in eukaryotic cellsExplanation
This statement is incorrect because membranes are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, have a plasma membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. While it is true that eukaryotic cells have additional membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, both cell types possess membranes that serve important functions like regulating the transport of molecules and maintaining cellular integrity.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following statements about cytoplasm is false?
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The fluid filled space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts contains cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm is found in all types of cells
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Cytoplasm is the fluid found inside a cell
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Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell
Correct Answer
A. The fluid filled space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts contains cytoplasmExplanation
The given statement is false because the fluid filled space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts is called the stroma, not the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the fluid found inside a cell, which is present in all types of cells. Glycolysis, a metabolic process, indeed occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
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Phrased as a question
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Based on faith
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Subjective
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The correct explanation
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Testable
Correct Answer
A. TestableExplanation
A hypothesis must be testable in order to be scientifically valid. This means that it must be possible to design and conduct experiments or gather evidence that can either support or refute the hypothesis. Without the ability to test a hypothesis, it cannot be proven or disproven, and therefore cannot be considered scientifically valid.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following properties of water is not biologically important?
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It has high specific heat capacity
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It has a high heat of vaporization
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It is an excellent solvent
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It has a unique density behavior
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It freezes at 0°c
Correct Answer
A. It freezes at 0°cExplanation
Water freezing at 0°C is not biologically important because many organisms have evolved mechanisms to survive in freezing temperatures. The ability of water to freeze and form ice is actually beneficial for some organisms, as it provides insulation and allows for the formation of habitats such as ice caps and glaciers. On the other hand, the other properties listed (high specific heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, excellent solvent, unique density behavior) are all biologically important. Water's high specific heat capacity helps regulate temperature in organisms, its high heat of vaporization aids in evaporative cooling, its solvent properties are crucial for biochemical reactions, and its unique density behavior allows for the formation of ice on top of bodies of water, insulating and protecting the organisms below.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following statements is false?
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The folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria are called cristae
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The electron transport chain is composed of several molecules embedded in the cristae
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Chemiosmosis occurs on the cristae
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The inner membrane of the mitochondria encloses a fluid-filled space called the matrix
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Two (2) molecules of ATP are formed during chemiosmosis
Correct Answer
A. Two (2) molecules of ATP are formed during chemiosmosisExplanation
The statement "Two (2) molecules of ATP are formed during chemiosmosis" is false. During chemiosmosis, ATP is produced through the flow of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, but the exact number of ATP molecules formed can vary. The actual number of ATP molecules produced depends on the specific conditions and the efficiency of the process.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?
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Prokaryotic cells are more complex than euraryotic cells
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Prokaryotes contain DNA in their nuclei, but eukaryotes do not
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Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and prokaryotes do not
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Eukaryotes have cell walls and prokaryotes do not
Correct Answer
A. Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles and prokaryotes do notExplanation
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells because they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. These organelles perform specific functions within the cell, allowing for greater specialization and efficiency. In contrast, prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and their functions are carried out by different structures within the cell. This fundamental difference in cellular organization is one of the key distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is true about the stromae?
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It plays an important role in cellular respiration
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It is where chemical energy is stored in molecules of glucose
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It is where the light reactions occur
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It is an organelle involved in the breakdown of fats
Correct Answer
A. It is where chemical energy is stored in molecules of glucoseExplanation
The stroma is where chemical energy is stored in molecules of glucose. The stroma is a part of the chloroplast, which is involved in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, glucose is synthesized in the stroma using light energy, and this glucose serves as a source of chemical energy for the cell. Therefore, the statement that the stroma is where chemical energy is stored in molecules of glucose is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following statements about organelles is false?
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Organelles are membrane-bound structures found inside a cell
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Organelles are where many of the vital metabolic activities occur.
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The appearance of organelles was a huge evolutionary advancement
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Today, organelles are present in all types of cells found on the planet
Correct Answer
A. The appearance of organelles was a huge evolutionary advancementExplanation
The statement "The appearance of organelles was a huge evolutionary advancement" is false because organelles themselves did not appear as a result of evolutionary advancement. Organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are believed to have originated through a process called endosymbiosis. This theory suggests that certain organelles were once free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. Over time, a symbiotic relationship developed, and these engulfed organisms became organelles within the host cell.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is false?
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Diffusion is the result of the random movement of molecules caused by heat in the environment
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Diffusion requires no input of energy (other than heat) into the system
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Diffusion occurs when molecules spred from areas where they are more concentrated to areas where they are less concentrated
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Diffusion stops after equilibrium is reached
Correct Answer
A. Diffusion stops after equilibrium is reachedExplanation
Diffusion is a continuous process that occurs until equilibrium is reached. Once equilibrium is reached, the concentration of molecules becomes equal throughout the system, and there is no net movement of molecules. Therefore, the statement that diffusion stops after equilibrium is reached is false.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Exocytosis is :
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The movement of large molecules out of the cell
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The movement of large molecule in to the cell
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The movement of very small molecules out of the cell
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The movement of very small molecules in to the cell
Correct Answer
A. The movement of large molecules out of the cellExplanation
Exocytosis is the process by which large molecules are transported out of the cell. It involves the fusion of vesicles containing these molecules with the cell membrane, resulting in their release into the extracellular space. This mechanism is essential for various cellular functions such as secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, and digestive enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is "the movement of large molecules out of the cell."Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following statements about alcoholic fermentation is true?
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Fermentation is an aerobic alternative to cellular respiration
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During fermentation, only glycosis occurs
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Fermentation produces the same amount of ATP as aerobic cellular respiration
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Fermentation produces O2 as a by-product
Correct Answer
A. During fermentation, only glycosis occursExplanation
During fermentation, only glycolysis occurs. This is because fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. In this process, glucose is partially broken down through glycolysis to produce a small amount of ATP and other byproducts such as lactic acid or ethanol. Unlike aerobic cellular respiration, fermentation does not involve the complete breakdown of glucose and does not produce oxygen as a byproduct.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is false regarding active transport?
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It is the most common type of transport mechanism in eukaryotic cells
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It involves the movement of small molecules up a concentration gradient
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It requires the cell to use ATP to transport molecules across a membrane
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It requires a transport protein to move molecules across a membrane
Correct Answer
A. It is the most common type of transport mechanism in eukaryotic cellsExplanation
Active transport is not the most common type of transport mechanism in eukaryotic cells. Passive transport, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion, is actually more common. Active transport requires the cell to use ATP to transport molecules across a membrane, and it also requires a transport protein to move molecules across a membrane. Additionally, active transport involves the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, not up a concentration gradient.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
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Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain disgestive enzymes
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Lysosomes are considered part of the endomembrane system
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Lysosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Lysosomes serve the general function of ''breakdown'' in a cell
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All of the above are true, none are false.
Correct Answer
A. Lysosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsExplanation
Lysosomes are only found in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles like lysosomes. Lysosomes are responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and foreign substances through the action of their digestive enzymes. They are considered part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane. Therefore, the statement "Lysosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells" is false.Rate this question:
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- 21.
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial.You look at them through a microscope and see mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell walls. You clonclude that the cells :
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Are plants cells.
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Are animal cells.
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Are bacteria.
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Could be either plant or animal.
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Could be plant, animal, or bacteria.
Correct Answer
A. Are plants cells.Explanation
Based on the presence of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell walls, it can be concluded that the cells are plant cells. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells, but chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, are only present in plant cells. Additionally, cell walls are a characteristic feature of plant cells, providing them with structural support. Therefore, the combination of these three organelles suggests that the cells observed are plant cells.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures of the endomembrane system through which insulin passes from its production to its exist from the cell?
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Rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
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Rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
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Rough ER, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, cell membrane
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Rough ER, cell membrane
Correct Answer
A. Rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membraneExplanation
Insulin is produced in the rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) where it is synthesized. After synthesis, it is transported in transport vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and packaging. From the Golgi apparatus, it is then transported in transport vesicles to the cell membrane where it is released into the bloodstream. Lysosomes are not involved in the production or transportation of insulin, so the correct answer is rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Ultimately, all life on earth is sustained by the chemical energy produced though what process?
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Kreb's cycle
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Photsynthesis
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Alcoholic fermentation
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Glycolysis
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. PhotsynthesisExplanation
Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. This glucose is then used as a source of chemical energy by all living organisms on Earth through cellular respiration. Without photosynthesis, there would be no source of chemical energy for life on Earth, making it the ultimate process that sustains all life.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Life is organized in a hierarchical fasion. Which one of the following sequences correctly illustrates that hierarchy as it moves from smallest and simplest to largest and most complex?
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Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, macromelcule
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Cell, macromolecule, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
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Macromolecule, cell,tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
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Biosphere, ecosystem, population, community, organism, organ system, organ, cell, tissue, macromolecule
Correct Answer
A. Macromolecule, cell,tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphereExplanation
This sequence correctly illustrates the hierarchy of life from smallest and simplest to largest and most complex. It starts with macromolecules, which are the building blocks of cells. Cells then form tissues, which make up organs. Organs work together to form organ systems, which make up an organism. Populations consist of multiple organisms of the same species, and communities consist of multiple populations of different species. Ecosystems are made up of multiple communities interacting with their environment, and the biosphere is the highest level of organization, encompassing all living organisms and their environments.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?
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Cellular respiration
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Alcoholic fermentation
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Lactic acid fermentation
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All of the above produce approximately the same amount of ATP per glucose molecule
Correct Answer
A. Cellular respirationExplanation
Cellular respiration produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose compared to the other processes mentioned. This is because cellular respiration involves the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen, which results in the production of a large amount of ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation, on the other hand, are anaerobic processes that produce a smaller amount of ATP per glucose molecule. Therefore, cellular respiration is the most efficient process for ATP production.Rate this question:
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.png "In the diagram to the right, the 15% sucrose solution outside the circle is separated from the 25% sucrose solution inside the circle by a selectively permeable membrane that is permeable only to water. Which of the following would you expect to occur?")
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