Types Of Microorganisms Quiz
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Simply put, a microorganism is a single celled form of existence or a colony of cells. There are a wide variety of microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and otherwise. The type of microorganisms quiz has more.
- 1.Disease-causing microorganisms are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Pathogens
- D.
Eukaryotes
- 2.The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Fermenters
- D.
Pathogens
- 3.The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cell wall are called
- A.
Decomposers
- B.
Prokaryotes
- C.
Pathogens
- D.
Eukaryotes
- 4.Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
- A.
Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors
- B.
A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
- C.
Humans using yeast to make beer and wine
- D.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs causing TB
- 5.The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was
- A.
F. Redi
- B.
A. Leeuwenhoek
- C.
L. Pasteur
- D.
J. Lister
- 6.Spontaneous generation is the belief that
- A.
Germs cause infectious diseases
- B.
Microbes are diverse and ubiquitous
- C.
Microbes placed in an infusion can grow in it
- D.
Living things arise from nonliving matter
- 7.Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that
- A.
Microbes are found on dust particles
- B.
A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
- C.
Life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
- D.
A specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
- 8.Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores
- A.
J. Lister
- B.
R. Koch
- C.
F. Cohn
- D.
A. Leeuwenhoek
- 9.The rash and/or hemorrhage associated to Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus occur when this bacterium targets the endotheilal cells that line blood vessels
- 10.This bacterium has a life cycle that includes elementary and reticulate bodies
- 11.This bacterium is a member parasite that adheres to and damages the mucous membrane of the respiratory, urinary, and reproductuve tracts
- 12.This bacterium causes a commonly acquired sexually transmitted bacterial disease and Trachoma, the most common cause of blindness
- 13.Which bacterium was the first organisms to produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis
- 14.If microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total mag of 950x, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10x
- A.
100x
- B.
950x
- C.
850x
- D.
95x
- 15.Which microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification
- A.
Bright-field
- B.
Dark-field
- C.
Phase-contrast
- D.
Electron
- 16.Which microscope bombard a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it
- A.
Fluoresence
- B.
Differential interference contrast
- C.
Scanning electron
- D.
Transmission electron
- 17.The primary purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to
- A.
Kill them
- B.
Secure them to the slide
- C.
Enlarge the cell
- D.
Add contrast in order to see them better
- 18.A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with methylene blue. all the cells appear blue under the oil lens. this is an example of
- A.
Negative staining
- B.
Using an acidic dye
- C.
Simple staining
- D.
Using acid-fast stai
- 19.Why is immersion oil often used when viewing specimens under the microscope
- A.
To stain the cells blue
- B.
To prevent smear from drying out
- C.
To slow bacterial movement so you can see cells better
- D.
To increase the resolution
- 20.Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to
- A.
Flagella
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Fimbriae
- D.
Periplasmic flagella
- 21.Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the ______ lens. This image is then projected to the _________ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye
- 22.The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involve rigid, tubular appendages called
- A.
Flagella
- B.
Cilia
- C.
Fimbriae
- D.
Sex pili
- 23.The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is
- A.
Amphitrichous
- B.
Atrichous
- C.
Monotrichous
- D.
Peritrichous
- 24.The outcome of the gram stain is based on differences in cell's
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Inclusions
- C.
Cell wall
- D.
Cell membrane
- 25.The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be
- A.
Material would not be able to cross cell membrane
- B.
Protein synthesis would stop
- C.
Destruction of cell's DNA
- D.
Formation of glycogen inclusions
- 26.A prokaryotic cell wall that is primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
- A.
Gram-negative
- B.
Gram-positive
- C.
Archaea
- D.
Spheroplast
- 27.Endospores are
- A.
Metabolically inactive
- B.
Resistant to heat and chemical destruction
- C.
Resistant to destruction by radiation
- D.
Living structures
- E.
All of the choices are correct
- 28.What is the correct sequence for gram stain?
- A.
Gram' iodine, crystal violet, alcohol, safranin
- B.
Crystal violet, safranin, alcohol, gram's iodine
- C.
Crystal violet, gran's iodine, alcohol, safranin
- D.
Option 4
- 29.All of the following are correct about slime layer, except
- A.
It is a type of glycocalys
- B.
It can be easily washed off the cell
- C.
It protects the cell from loss of water and nutrients
- D.
It plays a roll in cell motility
- 30.Enzymes are
- A.
Broken down in reactions that requires energy input
- B.
Proteins and some are RNA that function as catalysts
- C.
Only proteins used up in chemical reactions
- D.
Only RNA and not needed for catabolic reactions
- 31.Important components of coenzymes are
- A.
Vitamins
- B.
Metallic ions
- C.
Active sites
- D.
Substrates
- 32.Metabollic pathways that regenerate their starting point is called _____ pathways.
- A.
Linear
- B.
Bi-directional
- C.
Convergent
- D.
Cyclic
- 33.Glycolysis
- A.
Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP and requires oxygen
- B.
Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and requires oxygen
- C.
Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP, without oxygen
- D.
Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP, without oxygen
- 34.Substrate level phosphorylation in
- A.
Glycolysis and ETC
- B.
Photosynthesis + glycolysis
- C.
Glycolysis + krebs cycle
- D.
Krebs cycle + ETC
- 35.The majority of reduced NAD/NADH is produced in
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Krebs cycle
- C.
ETC
- D.
Photosynthesis
- 36.In bacterial cells, the ETC is located in
- A.
Cell membrane
- B.
Mitochondria
- C.
Chloroplasts
- D.
Ribosomes
- 37.What chemical causes death in many eukaryotes because it blocks cytochrome c oxidase?
- A.
Copper
- B.
Iron
- C.
Cyanide
- D.
Oxygen
- 38.Define what is meant by emerging and remerging disease OR state Koch's postulates.
- 39.List two differences between optical light microscope and electron microscope OR differentiate between negative and positive staining using examples
- 40.Define glycocalyx and describe its different forms OR list and briefly describe two basic layers that make up cell envelope
- 41.List the mechanisms by which an enzyme lowers the activation energy and brings on the transition state OR what are holoenzymes and give examples.
- 42.List and briefly describe the events in nitrogen cycle OR describe life cycle of endospore forming bacteria, including formation and germination of endospores
- 43.Contrast the major structure of gram-positive and gram-negative cell wall OR what is competitive and noncompetitive inhibition
- 44.When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called
- A.
Bioremediation
- B.
Genetic engineering
- C.
Epidemiology
- D.
Immunology
- 45.Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
- A.
Cause human disease
- B.
Lack cell nucleus
- C.
Are infectious particles
- D.
Are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
- 46.Organisms called parasites are
- A.
Always classified in the kingdom monera
- B.
Maybe harmful to their host
- C.
The decomposers in ecosystems
- D.
Always viruses
- 47.All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except
- A.
They are smaller than eukaryotes
- B.
They lack nucleus
- C.
They are less complex than eukaryotes
- D.
They have organelles
- 48.The fossil record has est. that prokaryotes existed on earth for approx 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.CO2 IS
- A.
Removed from atmosphere during photosynthesis
- B.
Source of carbon
- C.
Returned to atmosphere during respiration and fermentation
- D.
Used by marine organisms to make limestone for their hard shells
- E.
All of the above
- 50.The conversion of gaseous nitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+) occurs during
- A.
Ammonification
- B.
Nitrogen fixation
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Nitrification
- 51.Oxidation of ammonia (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) is called
- A.
Ammonification
- B.
Nitrogen fixation
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Nitrification
- 52.Using microbes to break down and remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called
- A.
Decomposition
- B.
Synergism
- C.
Mineralization
- D.
Bioremediation
- 53.Type of microscope in which you would see bright illuminated specimens against a black background is
- A.
Bright field
- B.
Dark field
- C.
Phase-contrast
- D.
Fluorescene
- 54.Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain
- A.
Used on a wet mount of the specimen
- B.
Use heat to force the dye into cell structures
- C.
Have outcomes based on cell wall differences
- D.
Are differential stains
- 55.What does a positive stain color
- 56.Basic dyes are
- A.
Attracted to the acidic substances of bacterial cells
- B.
Anionic
- C.
Used in negative staining
- D.
Repelled by cells
- 57.Positive stain use two or more stains it is referred to as _____ stain
- 58.The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is
- A.
Hanging drop
- B.
Fixed stained smear
- C.
Gram stain
- D.
Negative stain
- 59.Glycocalyx is
- A.
Capsule
- B.
Pili
- C.
Outer membrane
- D.
Cell wall
- 60.Which of the following is present in gram positive and gram negative cell wall
- A.
Outer membrane
- B.
Teichoic acid
- C.
Peptidoglycan
- D.
Lipopolysaccharides
- 61.Which of the following prokaryotes lack cell wall
- A.
Rickettsia
- B.
Mycobacterium
- C.
Mycoplasmas
- D.
Archaea
- 62.Bacterial endospores function in
- A.
Reproduction
- B.
Survival
- C.
Protein synthesis
- D.
Archaea
- 63.Which of the following IS NOT an example of biofilm
- A.
Single bacterial cell growing on an agar surface
- B.
Toilet bowl scum
- C.
Organisms that colonies indwelling medical devices
- D.
Dental plaque
- 64.Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding bacterial cell wall?
- A.
It is a target of certain antibiotics
- B.
It determines the shape of bacterium
- C.
It prevents bacterium from bursting due to change in osmotic pressure
- D.
It is composed of repeating framework of lipids
- 65.Acid-fast stain is used to identify organisms containing what chemical in their cell wall?
- A.
Lipoteichoic acids
- B.
Porin proteins
- C.
Mycolic acid
- D.
Peptidoglycan
- 66.Chemical analysis of bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?
- A.
Cell wall
- B.
Capsule
- C.
Slime layer
- D.
Endospore
- 67.What is the key differentiating step in gram stain procedure?
- A.
Application of primary stain
- B.
Application of mordant
- C.
Decolorization step
- D.
Application of counterstain
- 68.The function of bacterial endospores is
- A.
To convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants
- B.
Reproduction and growth
- C.
For protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
- D.
Storage excess cell materials
- 69.Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape
- A.
Coccus
- B.
Tetrad
- C.
Vibrio
- D.
Rod
- 70.Which of the following is mismatched
- A.
Rickettsia rickettsii: rocky mountain spotted fever
- B.
Rickettsia typhi: endemic thyphus
- C.
B.burgdoferi: syphillis
- D.
All of the above
- 71.Identification of bacteria require a study of all but which of the following
- A.
Microscopic and macroscopic morphology
- B.
Bacterial physiology
- C.
Quantitative analysis
- D.
Serological analysis
- 72.They contain pigment bacteriochlorophyll and do not give off oxygen as a product of photosynthesis
- 73._____ organelles in algae and plants are known to have evolved from cyanobacteria by the process of endosymbiosis.
- 74.These bacteria are small gram neg, obligate intracellular parasites and they tend to alternate between two forms elementary body and reticulate body
- A.
Chlamydia
- B.
Option 2
- C.
Option 3
- D.
Option 4
- 75.Each of the following are true of enzymes except
- A.
They can be used over and over
- B.
They may or may not require cofactors
- C.
Their active site is specific to substrate
- D.
They increase the activation energy of a reaction
- 76.An apoenzyme
- A.
Is part of simple enzyme
- B.
Also called coenzyme
- C.
Is the protein part of holoenzyme
- D.
Is often an inorganic metal ion
- 77.Enzymes that are only produced when substrate is present are termed
- A.
Exoenzymes
- B.
Endoenzymes
- C.
Constitutive enzyme
- D.
Induced enzyme
- 78.All of the following are exoenzymes except
- A.
Atp synthase
- B.
Streptokinase
- C.
Penicillinase
- D.
Collagenase
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