Chapter 3, Pathology For The Physical Therapist Assistant (Lescher)

Severe and sharp

Dull and aching

Low-grade

Increasing steadily with time

Angina pectoris is often a direct cause of death

Severe cases of angina pectoris may require surgery

Most cases of MI occur in people with a prior history of angina pectoris

If a patient suffers an angina attack during treatment, the PT or PTA should administer nitroglycerin

Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition while arteriosclerosis is acute

Arteriosclerosis describes an advanced stage of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis affects arteries while arteriosclerosis affects arterioles

Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are two names for the same condition

A 31-year-old woman who is pregnant with twins

A 60-year-old obese male who smokes

A 19-year-old female soccer player who has high levels of HDL

A 25-year-old female law student who runs marathons

High cholesterol intake

Cigarette smoking

Familial hypercholesterolemia

All of the above are acquired risk factors

The left ventricle collects deoxygenated blood for transfer to the lungs

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation

The left ventricle provides oxygen to the blood

The left ventricle sets the heart's electrical rhythm

Predisposition to MI includes factors such as obesity, smoking, and hypertension

All incidences of MI are accompanied by pain

Irreversible brain damage occurs after the first 3 minutes of an MI

The average age of onset for an MI is higher in women

Dyspnea

Tachycardia

Nausea

Pain in the chest, arm, and/or neck

All of the above are symptoms of an MI

The rest of the heart hypertrophies to make up for lost tissue function

Collateral circulation develops to supply the area of cardiac muscle around the necrotic area

The area recovers more rapidly if there has been a large area of ischemia

Dead cardiac muscle is replaced with fibrous scar tissue

Cardiac shock is generally treatable, while cardiac failure tends to be fatal

Cardiac shock is an acute condition, while cardiac failure is chronic

There is no difference; both are terms for the same condition

Cardiac shock is caused by trauma, while cardiac failure is caused by illness

90

40

25

10

Heart attacks

Alcoholism

Viral infections

Long-term, severe hypertension

All of the above

Dilated cardiomyopathy refers to cardiac muscle that is thinner than usual

In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart is unable to expand

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refers to cardiac muscle that is thicker than usual

All of the above are true in regards to cardiomyopathy

Pulmonary; lymphatic

Primary; secondary

Ipsilateral;contralateral

Pulmonary; peripheral

Heart transplant may be considered in severe cases of CHF

Death rarely results from complications of CHF

Patients with CHF often succumb to pneumonia

Patients with CHF often tend to develop progressive multiorgan and heart failure

It is not seen alone, but only when another form of edema is present

Patients suffering from this condition often need considerable assistance with daily activities

It is caused when the legs are in a dependent (hanging down) position

There is no consistent presentation of symptoms; it depends on the patient

Lymphangitis affects lymph vessels, while lymphadenitis affects lymph nodes

Lymphangitis is caused by acute infection, while lymphadenitis is caused by chronic inflammation

Lymphangitis is benign, while lymphadenitis is malignant

They are two names for the same condition

General malaise

Fever

Swollen and tender lymph nodes

Headache

All of the above

Chemotherapy

ACE inhibitors

Antibiotics

All of the above

Atherosclerosis of the carotid artery or in the arteries of the brain

A major cause of stroke

Mainly a disease of older people

All of the above

3rd; 795,000

1st; 900,000

5th; 125,000

9th; 15,000

PVD is a term used for atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries, mainly those of the lower extremities

In many cases, PVD can be controlled and improved through lifestyle changes

PVD is always a result of trauma

PVD affecting the renal vessels is one of the factors leading to end-stage renal failure

Soft tissue massage

Superficial heat therapy to the affected area

Cool whirlpool treatment for arterial ulcers

A and B

B and C

120

130

140

150

Heart disease

Atherosclerosis

Eye damage and blindness

All of the above

It is a rare form of hypertension

It does not respond well to any form of treatment

It is classified as secondary hypertension

Its onset is generally sudden

50; 50

60; 40

10; 90

90; 10

Sickle-cell anemia--exposure to radiation

Pernicious anemia--B12 deficiency

Thalassemia--hereditary factors

Immunohemolytic anemia--autoimmune reaction to own blood cells

Erythema

Tenderness

Generalized fever

All of the above could indicate a blood clot

Thrombocytes

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Chondrocytes

All refer to inflammation, each of a specific cardiovascular area

Are different names for the same condition

Are typically hereditary conditions

Generally prove fatal