Endocrine System Disorders NCLEX Quiz

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1/10 Questions

When a client is first admitted with the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). The nurse’s priority is to provide:
- Oxygen
- Carbohydrates
- Fluid replacement
- Dietary instruction

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Endocrine System Disorders NCLEX Quiz - Quiz

2.

The nurse is admitting a client with hypoglycemia. Identify the signs and symptoms the nurse should expect. Select all that apply.
- Thirst
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Slurred speech
- Hyperventilation
- Hyperventilation
Correct Answer(s)

A. Palpitations
A. Diaphoresis
A. Slurred speech

Explanation

The nurse should expect the client with hypoglycemia to exhibit palpitations, diaphoresis, and slurred speech. Palpitations refer to a rapid or irregular heartbeat, which can be a symptom of low blood sugar. Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is another common sign of hypoglycemia. Slurred speech can occur due to the brain's reduced ability to function properly when blood sugar levels are low. Thirst, hyperventilation, and the repeated mention of hyperventilation in the options are not typically associated with hypoglycemia.

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2
3.

When a client is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The insulin that would be administered is:
- Human NPH insulin
- Human regular insulin
- Insulin lispro injection
- Insulin glargine injection
Correct Answer

A. Human regular insulin

Explanation

When a client is in diabetic ketoacidosis, the insulin that would be administered is human regular insulin. This is because human regular insulin has a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to other types of insulin. It helps to lower blood sugar levels and prevent the production of ketones, which are responsible for the acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis. Human regular insulin is typically administered through injections and is a commonly used treatment for managing high blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.

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3
4.

The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the client who is learning alternative site testing (AST) for glucose monitoring says:
- “I need to rub my forearm vigorously until warm before testing at this site.”
- “The fingertip is preferred for glucose monitoring if hyperglycemia is suspected.”
- “I have to make sure that my current glucose monitor can be used at an alternate site.”
- “Alternate site testing is unsafe if I am experiencing a rapid change in glucose levels.”
Correct Answer

A. “The fingertip is preferred for glucose monitoring if hyperglycemia is suspected.”

Explanation

The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the client says, "The fingertip is preferred for glucose monitoring if hyperglycemia is suspected." This statement is incorrect because the fingertip is not preferred for glucose monitoring if hyperglycemia is suspected. Hyperglycemia is characterized by high blood sugar levels, and in this case, alternative site testing (AST) would be more appropriate as it can provide more accurate results. Therefore, the client needs to be corrected and educated about the correct use of AST for glucose monitoring.

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2
5.

Which adaptations should the nurse caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis expect the client to exhibit? Select all that apply:
- Sweating
- Low PCO2
- Retinopathy
- Acetone breath
- Elevated serum bicarbonate
Correct Answer(s)

A. Low PCO2
A. Retinopathy

Explanation

The nurse caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis should expect the client to exhibit low PCO2 and retinopathy. Low PCO2 is expected because diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by an acid-base imbalance, resulting in decreased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Retinopathy, which is damage to the blood vessels in the retina, is a common complication of diabetes and can be seen in clients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Sweating, acetone breath, and elevated serum bicarbonate are not specific adaptations associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

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1
6.

A client’s blood gases reflect diabetic acidosis. The nurse should expect:
- Increased pH
- Decreased PO2
- Increased PCO2
- Decreased HCO3
Correct Answer

A. Decreased HCO3

Explanation

In diabetic acidosis, there is an excess of acid in the blood due to uncontrolled diabetes. This leads to a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels, as the body tries to compensate for the excess acid. Therefore, it is expected that the client's HCO3- levels will be decreased.

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3
7.

The nurse knows that glucagon may be given in the treatment of hypoglycemia because it:
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
- Stimulates the release of insulin
- Increases blood glucose levels
- Provides more storage of glucose.
Correct Answer

A. Increases blood glucose levels

Explanation

Glucagon may be given in the treatment of hypoglycemia because it increases blood glucose levels. Glucagon is a hormone that is released by the pancreas and it works by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream. This helps to raise blood sugar levels and counteract the effects of low blood sugar. By increasing blood glucose levels, glucagon helps to restore normal blood sugar levels and prevent further hypoglycemia.

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8.

Albert, a 35-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic, Is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. He has been febrile since admission. His daily insulin requirement is 24 units of NpH. Every morning Albert is given NpH insulin at 0730. Meals are served at 0830. 1230. and 1830. The nurse expects that the NpH insulin will reach its maximum effect (peak) between the hours of:
- 1130 and 1330
- 1330 and 1930
- 1530 and 2130
- 1730 and 2330
Correct Answer

A. 1530 and 2130

Explanation

NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that typically reaches its peak effect around 6-8 hours after administration. In this case, Albert is given NPH insulin at 0730, so it is expected to reach its peak effect between 1530 and 2130. This timing allows for the insulin to be most effective during meal times at 1230 and 1830, helping to control Albert's blood sugar levels.

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9.

The physician orders 36 units of NpH and 12 units of regular insulin. The nurse plans to administer these drugs in 1 syringe. Identify the steps in this procedure by listing them in priority order.
- Inject air equal to the NPH dose into the NPH vial
- Invert regular insulin bottle and withdraw regular insulin dose
- Inject air equal to regular dose into regular dose
- Invert the NPH vial and withdraw the NPH dose.
Correct Answer(s)

A. Inject air equal to the NPH dose into the NPH vial
A. Invert regular insulin bottle and withdraw regular insulin dose
A. Inject air equal to regular dose into regular dose
A. Invert the NPH vial and withdraw the NPH dose.

Explanation

The correct order of steps in this procedure is as follows: Inject air equal to the NPH dose into the NPH vial, invert the regular insulin bottle and withdraw the regular insulin dose, inject air equal to the regular dose into the regular dose, and finally invert the NPH vial and withdraw the NPH dose. This sequence ensures that the correct amount of air is injected into each vial before withdrawing the respective doses, preventing any contamination or inaccurate dosing.

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10.

The insulin that has the most rapid onset of action would be:
- Lente
- Lispro
- Ultralente
- Humulin N
Correct Answer

A. Lispro

Explanation

Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog that has a quick onset of action. It is designed to mimic the natural insulin response in the body, allowing for faster absorption and utilization of glucose by the cells. This rapid onset of action makes Lispro an ideal choice for controlling postprandial blood sugar levels, as it can be injected immediately before or after meals to effectively manage blood sugar spikes. Unlike other insulins mentioned, such as Lente, Ultralente, and Humulin N, Lispro acts more quickly, making it a preferred option for individuals who require fast-acting insulin therapy.

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Jul 31, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 04, 2017

Quiz Created by
Santepro

Endocrine System Disorders NCLEX Quiz

When a client is first admitted with the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). The nurse’s priority is to provide:

Quiz Preview

The nurse is admitting a client with hypoglycemia. Identify the signs and symptoms the nurse should expect. Select all that apply.

When a client is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The insulin that would be administered is:

The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the client who is learning alternative site testing (AST) for glucose monitoring says:

Which adaptations should the nurse caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis expect the client to exhibit? Select all that apply:

A client’s blood gases reflect diabetic acidosis. The nurse should expect:

The nurse knows that glucagon may be given in the treatment of hypoglycemia because it:

The physician orders 36 units of NpH and 12 units of regular insulin. The nurse plans to administer these drugs in 1 syringe. Identify the steps in this procedure by listing them in priority order.

The insulin that has the most rapid onset of action would be: