NCLEX Practice Exam: Growth And Development! Trivia Quiz
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Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick?
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Adolescent
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Young Adult
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Infant
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Toddler
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Are you preparing to take your NCLEX practice exam on growth and development? This quiz may be of assistance. NCLEX is the anacronym for the National Council Licensure Examination, which is a nationwide exam for the accrediting of nurses in the United States and Canada. There is always a need for more nurses and people in the healthcare industry. If See moreyou aspire to have a career in this field, then this quiz may be of assistance.
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- 2.
Which is a major concern when providing drug therapy for older adults?
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Alcohol is used by older adults to cope with the multiple problems of aging
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Hepatic clearance is reduced in older adults
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Older adults have difficulty in swallowing large tablets
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Older adults may chew on tablets instead of swallowing them.
Correct Answer
A. Hepatic clearance is reduced in older adultsExplanation
As people age, their liver function tends to decline, leading to a reduction in hepatic clearance. This means that drugs are metabolized and eliminated from the body at a slower rate in older adults. This can result in a buildup of drugs in the body, increasing the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions. Therefore, the reduced hepatic clearance is a major concern when providing drug therapy for older adults.Rate this question:
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- 3.
One of the participants attending a parenting class asks the teacher “what is the leading cause of death during the first month of life?
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Congenital Abnormalities
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Low birth weight
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SIDS
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Infection
Correct Answer
A. SIDSExplanation
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is considered the leading cause of death during the first month of life. It is a sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy baby. SIDS typically occurs during sleep, and the exact cause is still unknown. It is important for parents to follow safe sleep practices, such as placing babies on their backs to sleep, to reduce the risk of SIDS.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal identity?
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Adolescent
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Toddler
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Young Adult
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Pre-school Age
Correct Answer
A. AdolescentExplanation
During adolescence, individuals go through significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. This stage is marked by the search for personal identity, which involves exploring different roles, values, and beliefs. Adolescents often experience confusion, conflicts, and a sense of instability as they try to establish their own identity separate from their family and peers. They may experiment with different identities, leading to a challenging and unstable period of development.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which age group would have a tendency towards eating disorders?
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Adolescent
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Pre-school Age
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Young Adult
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Toddler
Correct Answer
A. AdolescentExplanation
Adolescents are more likely to have a tendency towards eating disorders compared to other age groups. During this stage of development, individuals may experience body image dissatisfaction, peer pressure, and societal influences that can contribute to the development of eating disorders. Additionally, adolescents may face stress related to school, relationships, and identity formation, which can further increase the risk of developing unhealthy eating habits. Therefore, the answer is Adolescent.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When assessing an older adult. The nurse may expect an increase in:
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Nail growth
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Skin turgor
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Urine residual
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Nerve conduction
Correct Answer
A. Urine residualExplanation
As individuals age, their bladder muscles may weaken, leading to a decrease in the ability to fully empty the bladder. This can result in urine residual, which is the amount of urine that remains in the bladder after urination. Therefore, when assessing an older adult, the nurse may expect an increase in urine residual.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the mother to
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Allow the newborn infant to signal a need
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Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant
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Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying
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Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying
Correct Answer
A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a needExplanation
A. According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant’s needs at all times but must allow the newborn infant to signal needs. If a newborn is not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment. Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn’s signal would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to:
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Punish the child every time the child says “no”, to change the behavior
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Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period
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Set limits on the child’s behavior
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Ignore the child when this behavior occurs
Correct Answer
A. Set limits on the child’s behaviorExplanation
C. According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents’ wishes. Saying things like “no” or “mine” and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child’s behavior are the necessary elements.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at a hospital to visit their child. The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the parents. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating that:
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The child is withdrawn
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The child is self-centered
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The child has adjusted to the hospitalized setting
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This is a normal pattern
Correct Answer
A. This is a normal patternExplanation
D. The phases through which young children progress when separated from their parents include protest, despair, and denial or detachment. In the stage of protest, when the parents return, the child readily goes to them. In the stage of despair, the child may not approach them readily or may cling to a parent. In denial or detachment, when the parents return, the child becomes cheerful, interested in the environment and new persons (seemingly unaware of the lost parents), friendly with the staff, and interested in developing superficial relationships.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother?
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Do not allow the child to have the bottle
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Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime
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Allow the bottle if it contains juice
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Allow the bottle if it contains water
Correct Answer
A. Allow the bottle if it contains waterExplanation
D. A toddler should never be allowed to fall asleep with a bottle containing milk, juice, soda, or sweetened water because of the risk or nursing caries. If a bottle is allowed at nap time or bedtime, it should contain only water.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child?
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Uses a fork to eat
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Uses a cup to drink
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Uses a knife for cutting food
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Pours own milk into a cup
Correct Answer
A. Uses a cup to drinkExplanation
B. By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling. By ages 3 to 4, the child begins to use a fork. By the end of the preschool period, the child should be able to pour milk into a cup and begin to use a knife for cutting.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The nurse is providing an educational session to new employees, and the topic is abuse to the older client. The nurse tells the employees that which client is most characteristic of a victim of abuse
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A 90-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson’s disease
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A 68-year-old man with newly diagnosed cataracts
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A 70-year-old woman with early diagnosed Lyme’s disease
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A 74-year-old man with moderate hypertension
Correct Answer
A. A 90-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson’s diseaseExplanation
A. The typical abuse victim is a woman of advanced age with few social contacts and at least one physical or mental impairment that limits the ability to perform activities of daily living. In addition, the client usually lives alone or with the abuser and depends on the abuser for care.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The home care nurse is visiting an older female client whose husband died 6 months ago. Which behavior, by the client, indicates ineffective coping?
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Visiting her husband’s grave once a month
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Participating in a senior citizens program
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Looking at old snapshots of her family
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Neglecting her personal grooming
Correct Answer
A. Neglecting her personal groomingExplanation
D. Coping mechanisms are behaviors used to decrease stress and anxiety. In response to a death, ineffective coping is manifested by an extreme behavior that in some instances may be harmful to the individual physically or psychologically. Option D is indicative of a behavior that identifies an ineffective coping behavior in the grieving process.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant:
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Uses simple words such as “mama”
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Uses monosyllabic babbling
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Links syllables together
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Coos when comforted
Correct Answer
A. Uses monosyllabic babblingExplanation
B. Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6 months of age. Using simple words such as “mama” occurs between 9 and 12 months. Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months. Cooing begins at birth and continues until 2 months.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the most appropriate activity for this child?
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Large picture books
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A radio
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Crayons and coloring book
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A sports video
Correct Answer
A. Crayons and coloring bookExplanation
C. In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh. Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant. A radio and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development?
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Allow the family to bring in the child’s favorite computer games
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Encourage the parents to room-in with the child
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Encourage the child to rest and read
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Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits
Correct Answer
A. Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permitsExplanation
D. Adolescents often are not sure whether they want their parents with them when they are hospitalized. Because of the importance of the peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the peer group will support their ill friend. Options a, b, and c isolate the child from the peer group.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The mother of a toddler asks a nurse when it is safe to place the car safety seat in a face-forward position. The best nursing response is which of the following?
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When the toddler weighs 20 lbs
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The seat should not be placed in a face-forward position unless there are safety locks in the car
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The seat should never be place in a face-forward position because the risk of the child unbuckling the harness
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When the weight of the toddler is greater than 40 lbs
Correct Answer
A. When the toddler weighs 20 lbsExplanation
A. The transition point for switching to the forward facing position is defined by the manufacturer of the convertible car safety seat but is generally at a body weight of 9 kg or 20 lb and 1 year of age. Convertible car safety seats are used until the child weighs at least 40 lb. Options b, c, and d are incorrectRate this question:
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- 18.
The nurse is caring for an agitated older client with Alzheimer’s disease. Which nursing intervention most likely would calm the client?
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Playing a radio
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Turning the lights out
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Putting an arm around the client’s waist
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Encouraging group participation
Correct Answer
A. Putting an arm around the client’s waistExplanation
C. Nursing interventions for the client with Alzheimer’s disease who is angry, frustrated, or hostile include decreasing environmental stimuli, approaching the client calmy and with assurance, not demanding anything from the client, and distracting the client. For the nurse to reach out, touch, hold a hand, put an arm around the waist, or in some way maintain physical contact is important. Playing a radio may increase stimuli, and turning the lights out may produce more agitation. The client with Alzheimer’s disease would not be a candidate for group work if the client is agitated.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The nurse who volunteers at a senior citizens center is planning activities for the members who attend the center. Which activity would best promote health and maintenance for these senior citizens?
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Gardening every day for an hour
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Cycling 3 times a week for 20 minutes
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Sculpting once a week for 40 minutes
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Walking 3 to 5 times a week for 30 minutes
Correct Answer
A. Walking 3 to 5 times a week for 30 minutesExplanation
D. Exercise and activity are essential for health promotion and maintenance in the older adult and to achieve an optimal level of functioning. About half of the physical deterioration of the older client is caused by disuse rather that by the aging process or disease. One of the best exercises for an older adult is walking, progressing to 30 minutes session 3 to 5 times each week. Swimming and dancing are also beneficial.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Children generally double their birth weight by 5 months of age. This is an example of:
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Heredity
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Development
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State of health
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Physical growth
Correct Answer
A. Physical growthExplanation
Growth encompasses physical changes that occur from the prenatal period through older adulthood. Development refers to the patterns of change that begin at conception and continue through life. Heredity refers to genetic inheritance. State of health is a subjective condition.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Development of the ability of an individual to distinguish right from wrong and to develop ethical values on which to base his or her actions is termed
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Moral development
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Cognitive development
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Psychosocial development
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Psychoanalytic development
Correct Answer
A. Moral developmentExplanation
Moral development is the process by which the individual learns to distinguish right from wrong and acquires ethical values on which to base his or her actions. Cognitive development concerns knowledge and learning, whereas psychosocial development refers to the role of the individual in society. Psychoanalytic development is not correct.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the developmental stages defined by Freud is a time of turbulence during which earlier sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle?
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Anal
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Genital
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Latency
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Phallic or oedipal
Correct Answer
A. GenitalExplanation
The genital stage is the final stage of psychosexual development and is a time of turbulence during which earlier sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family. The anal stage is the second stage in which the focus of pleasure changes to the anal zone. The phallic or oedipal stage is the third stage in which the genital organs become the focus of pleasure. The latency stage is the fourth stage during which sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities that are socially acceptable.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The nurse teaches parents how to help their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would occur during which of the stages of development defined by Erikson?
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Trust versus mistrust
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Initiative versus guilt
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Industry versus inferiority
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Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt
Correct Answer
A. Initiative versus guiltExplanation
The stage of initiative versus guilt occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, during which children develop direction and purpose. Teaching impulse control and cooperative behaviors during this stage help the child to avoid risks of altered growth and development. In the autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage, toddlers learn to achieve self-control and willpower. Trust versus mistrust is the first stage, during which children develop faith and optimism. During the industry versus inferiority stage, children develop a sense of competency.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A 47-year-old woman expresses dismay to the nurse that her young adult children are unemployed. Her husband is working and near retirement. She is not working and feels bored with her life and unneeded. She is experiencing which of Erikson's stages of development?
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Integrity versus despair
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Intimacy versus isolation
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Identity versus confusion
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Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
Correct Answer
A. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnationExplanation
The stage of generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation occurs in middle age, and represents a time when individuals want to play a role in the development of the next generation. In the stage of integrity versus despair, during older adulthood, the individual either views life with despair and regret or acquires wisdom. Intimacy versus isolation is a stage seen in young adults. Identify versus confusion is the stage seen during puberty.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is the developmental theorist who believed his research describes a sequential process that occurs through interactions between the internal life (personality) of adults and their outer world (culture, lifestyle)?
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Freud
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Gould
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Thomas
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Erikson
Correct Answer
A. GouldExplanation
The development themes identified by Gould start when individuals are in their twenties and are seeking to get away from their parents. Gould believed his research describes a sequential process that occurs through interactions between the internal life (personality) of adults and their outer world (culture, lifestyle). Erikson focused on psychosocial development, Freud on psycho-sexual development, and Thomas on temperament.Rate this question:
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- 26.
"The die is cast" is consistent with Gould's theme for which age group?
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Thirties
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Forties
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Fifties
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Seventies
Correct Answer
A. FortiesExplanation
"The die is cast" is identified as a development theme in the forties and indicates resignation and the recognition that possibilities are limited. In the thirties, the theme is "Is what I am the only way for me to be?" The theme for the fifties is a realization of mortality and a concern for one's state of health. There is no specific theme for the seventies.Rate this question:
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- 27.
During which stage of cognitive development does the individual's thinking move to abstract and theoretical subjects and possibly venture into such topics as achieving world peace, finding justice, and seeking meaning in life?
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Sensorimotor
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Pre-Operational
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Formal Operations
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Concrete Operations
Correct Answer
A. Formal OperationsExplanation
During the formal operations stage of development, the individual's thinking moves from abstract to theoretical subjects. During the concrete operations stage, children achieve the ability to perform mental operations. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop the schemas or action patterns for dealing with the environment. During the pre-operational stage, children learn to think using symbols and mental images.Rate this question:
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- 28.
During which stage of moral developmental identified by Kohlberg is the individual's moral reasoning based on personal gain?
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Postconventional
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Conventional
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Preconventional
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Instrumental relativist orientation
Correct Answer
A. PostconventionalExplanation
At the preconventional stage of moral development, the person reflects on moral reasoning based on personal gain. An individual with the instrumental relativist orientation recognizes that there is more than one right view. At the conventional stage of moral development, the person's moral reasoning is based on his or her personal internalization of societal and others' expectations. Postconventional reasoning focuses on social orientation and ethical principles.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A 10-year-old fifth-grader enjoys having his artwork displayed on the family refrigerator. This behavior is indicative of which developmental stage as described by Erikson?
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Initiative versus guilt
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Intimacy versus isolation
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Industry versus inferiority
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Identity versus role confusion
Correct Answer
A. Industry versus inferiorityExplanation
School children 6 to 10 years old are eager to work and play and thrive on their accomplishments and praise, a characteristic of the industry versus inferiority stage. The initiative versus guilt stage applies to children 3 to 6 years of age, when children begin to develop a conscience. The identity versus role confusion stage applies to young people at the time of puberty. The intimacy versus isolation stage applies to young adults, who begin to develop close meaningful relationships.Rate this question:
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- 30.
According to Havighurst, the achievement of developmental tasks that are necessary for later adult development is greatly affected by
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Career choices
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Success in school
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Acceptance by parents
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The temperament of the child
Correct Answer
A. Success in schoolExplanation
Havighurst, as an educator, believed that schools have a lot of responsibility in helping a child attain the success needed for later development. Achievement affects preparation for a career rather than the reverse. Acceptance by peers, not parents, is stressed in Havighurst's theory. The temperament of the child is a factor emphasized in the theory of Stella Chess and Alex Thomas.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is a statement about normal growth and development on which effective nursing care is based?
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Growth occurs at the same rates for individuals in the same stage
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Development starts with complex tasks and progresses to simple tasks.
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Individuals have unique patterns of growth and development that are difficult to predict.
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Success in one phase of growth and development affects the ability to complete later phases successfully.
Correct Answer
A. Success in one phase of growth and development affects the ability to complete later phases successfully.Explanation
Repeated developmental failures can result in deficiencies in subsequent stages. The nurse should be alert to these developmental stages. Patterns of growth and development are predictable. The rate varies, but the pattern does not. Development progresses from simple to complex. Growth occurs at different rates in different individuals in the same developmental stage.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Physical growth involves:
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Changes in level of skill
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Strengthening of skeletal structures
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Improved performance on intellectual tasks
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Learning how to respond to social situations
Correct Answer
A. Strengthening of skeletal structuresExplanation
Physical growth is measurable and includes changes in height, weight, bones, teeth, and so on. Development is demonstrated by changes in the level of skill. Learning how to respond in social situations describes maturation. Improved performance on intellectual tasks is related to cognitive development.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is an example of development?
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A 7-month-old infant pulls up to a standing position.
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Two lower teeth appear in an 8-month-old infant.
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The birth weight of an infant doubles by 6 months of age.
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A young child uses words instead of crying to make his or her needs known.
Correct Answer
A. The birth weight of an infant doubles by 6 months of age.Explanation
An infant's pulling up to a standing position demonstrates the change in skill and function that is development. It occurs in a predictable manner (i.e., the child sits up, then pulls up, then stands). Changes in height and weight illustrate growth. Changes in teeth are also the result of growth. Finding new ways of dealing with situations represents maturation.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The parents of a 2-year-old child are concerned that the child wants to do everything by himself and seems to be rejecting their authority. The nurse's response should be based on which of the following?
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The parents need to tighten their control on the child.
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The need for autonomy is not usually seen until puberty.
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Limiting choices and punishing the child will restore trust.
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The independence displayed by the child is a normal result of maturation.
Correct Answer
A. The independence displayed by the child is a normal result of maturation.Explanation
The child in this stage of development learns self-care activities and develops autonomy as part of the maturation process. Limiting choices or punishing the child can cause feelings of shame and doubt. Two-year-olds need supervision rather than strict control. The need for autonomy is typical of the 1- to 3-year-old child.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The nurse caring for a hospitalized adolescent can best meet the adolescent's developmental needs by:
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Providing diversion activities such as word puzzles
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Providing privacy while the adolescent's significant other visits
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Encouraging the parent to stay with the adolescent at all times
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Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision making
Correct Answer
A. Explaining procedures and including the adolescent in decision makingExplanation
Adolescents need to participate in decisions regarding their care. They need to understand and are capable of understanding treatment issues. Providing diversions would be more appropriate for a school-aged child at the industry versus inferiority stage. Adolescents need parental presence but are also moving toward independence and separation from the family. A significant other is more relevant for a young adult, who is developmentally ready for intimacy.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The despair associated with old age, as described by Erikson, is related to:
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Mistakes made earlier in life
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Physical changes that alter older adults' perception of self-worth
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Involvement with community activities for senior citizens
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Participation in the activities of children and grandchildren
Correct Answer
A. Physical changes that alter older adults' perception of self-worthExplanation
Persons of all ages need to feel valued. Loss of function due to physical changes can decrease self-esteem. Involvement in activities appropriate to one's age can increase the sense of belonging and self-worth. Participation in family activities leads to feelings of being needed. Although mistakes can cause feelings of failure, generally people learn and grow after making them.Rate this question:
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- 37.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the child aged 7 to 11 years demonstrates concrete operations when he or she:
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Begins to think abstractly
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Participates in parallel play
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Is able to communicate with others on a simple level
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Recognizes that friends may perceive things differently
Correct Answer
A. Recognizes that friends may perceive things differentlyExplanation
The concrete operations stage from 7 to 11 years is characterized by the child's ability to think through things without performing them and mentally understand a viewpoint different from his or her own. Parallel play is characteristic of a younger child, 2 to 7 years of age. Simple communication skills are typical up to 7 years of age. Then the child begins to add a mental element that shows further development of communication. Abstract thinking is typical of an older child, 11 years to adulthood.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Moral development theory differs from cognitive development theory in what way?
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Cognitive development theory deals with the formation of personality.
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Moral development theory predicts how a person will react in any situation.
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Cognitive development theory describes physical changes that take place in stages
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Moral development theory characterizes the value system of people and their respect for others.
Correct Answer
A. Moral development theory characterizes the value system of people and their respect for others.Explanation
Moral development theory describes values and the way people act toward one another. There is no effective way to predict a person's behavior or reaction in unknown situations. Cognitive development focuses on the thinking or intellectual aspect of development, not physical growth and development. Personality is related to moral development.Rate this question:
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