Endocrine System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 91

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| By Santepro

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Quizzes Created: 468 | Total Attempts: 2,476,467

Questions: 10 | Attempts: 1,446 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

An agitated. confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus. hypertension. and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor. diaphoresis. headache. and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl. and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery. the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
- A.
  
  2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
- B.
  
  10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
- C.
  
  18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
- D.
  
  25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
Correct Answer
B. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.

Explanation
To reverse hypoglycemia. the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate. such as three to five pieces of hard candy. two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp). or 4 oz of fruit juice. If necessary. this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above normal. causing hyperglycemia.

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2.

A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on initial assessment findings. the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement for this client. which “related-to” phrase should the nurse add?
- A.
  
  Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures
- B.
  
  Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic rate
- C.
  
  Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces
- D.
  
  Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level
Correct Answer
A. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures

Explanation
Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This. in turn. may diminish calcium stores in the bone. causing bone demineralization and setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism doesn’t accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level. not an increased parathyroid hormone level. may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia. not hypocalcemia; therefore. it isn’t associated with tetany.

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3.

Nurse Joey is assigned to care for a postoperative male client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment interview. the client reports that he’s impotent and says he’s concerned about its effect on his marriage. In planning this client’s care. the most appropriate intervention would be to:
- A.
  
  Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality.
- B.
  
  Provide time for privacy.
- C.
  
  Provide support for the spouse or significant other.
- D.
  
  Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate professional.
Correct Answer
D. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate professional.

Explanation
The nurse should refer this client to a sex counselor or other professional. Making appropriate referrals is a valid part of planning the client’s care. The nurse doesn’t normally provide sex counseling.

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4.

During a class on exercise for diabetic clients. a female client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. The nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to meet the goals of planned exercise?
- A.
  
  At least once a week
- B.
  
  At least three times a week
- C.
  
  At least five times a week
- D.
  
  Every day
Correct Answer
B. At least three times a week

Explanation
Diabetic clients must exercise at least three times a week to meet the goals of planned exercise — lowering the blood glucose level. reducing or maintaining the proper weight. increasing the serum high-density lipoprotein level. decreasing serum triglyceride levels. reducing blood pressure. and minimizing stress. Exercising once a week wouldn’t achieve these goals. Exercising more than three times a week. although beneficial. would exceed the minimum requirement.

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5.

Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?
- A.
  
  Increased appetite and weight loss
- B.
  
  Puffiness of the face and hands
- C.
  
  Nervousness and tremors
- D.
  
  Thyroid gland swelling
Correct Answer
B. Puffiness of the face and hands

Explanation
Hypothyroidism (myxedema) causes facial puffiness. extremity edema. and weight gain. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) include an increased appetite. weight loss. nervousness. tremors. and thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).

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6.

A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid). 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug effect?
- A.
  
  Dysuria
- B.
  
  Leg cramps
- C.
  
  Tachycardia
- D.
  
  Blurred vision
Correct Answer
C. Tachycardia

Explanation
Levothyroxine. a synthetic thyroid hormone. is given to a client with hypothyroidism to simulate the effects of thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The other options aren’t associated with levothyroxine.

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7.

A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of sleeping more. increased urination. anorexia. weakness. irritability. depression. and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings. nurse Richard would suspect which of the following disorders?
- A.
  
  Diabetes mellitus
- B.
  
  Diabetes insipidus
- C.
  
  Hypoparathyroidism
- D.
  
  Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer
D. Hyperparathyroidism

Explanation
Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone pain and weakness from excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit hypercalciuria-causing polyuria. While clients with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also have polyuria. they don’t have bone pain and increased sleeping. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.

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8.

When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus. nurse Juliet expects to administer:
- A.
  
  Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic).
- B.
  
  Furosemide (Lasix).
- C.
  
  Regular insulin.
- D.
  
  10% dextrose.
Correct Answer
A. Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic).

Explanation
Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production. the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy. Furosemide. a diuretic. is contraindicated because a client with diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications. not diabetes insipidus.

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9.

The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?
- A.
  
  Excessive sodium intake
- B.
  
  A pituitary adenoma
- C.
  
  Deficient potassium intake
- D.
  
  An adrenal adenoma
Correct Answer
D. An adrenal adenoma

Explanation
An autonomous aldosterone-producing adenoma is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism. Hyperplasia is the second most frequent cause. Aldosterone secretion is independent of sodium and potassium intake as well as of pituitary stimulation.

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1
0
10.

A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client. nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating:
- A.
  
  “The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast.”
- B.
  
  “It looks like you aren’t following the prescribed diabetic diet.”
- C.
  
  “It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months.”
- D.
  
  “Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly.”
Correct Answer
C. “It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months.”

Explanation
The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic control over a 3-month period. The test helps identify trends or practices that impair glycemic control. and it doesn’t require a fasting period before blood is drawn. The nurse can’t conclude that the result occurs from poor dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage.

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Current Version
Mar 21, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 03, 2017

Quiz Created by
Santepro

Endocrine System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 91

During a class on exercise for diabetic clients. a female client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. The nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to meet the goals of planned exercise?

Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?

A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid). 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug effect?

A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of sleeping more. increased urination. anorexia. weakness. irritability. depression. and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings. nurse Richard would suspect which of the following disorders?

When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus. nurse Juliet expects to administer:

The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?

A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client. nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating: