Mental Health Exam 2

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1. The most appropriate nursing intervention with Ginger (from question 7) would be to:

Explanation

The most appropriate nursing intervention for Ginger would be to work with her on unresolved dependency issues. This suggests that Ginger may have underlying emotional or psychological issues that are causing her to rely heavily on her mother. By addressing these dependency issues, the nurse can help Ginger develop more independence and coping skills, which will ultimately benefit her in the long run. Suggesting that she move closer to home, finding someone else to seek assistance from, or recommending medication are not addressing the root cause of Ginger's dependency issues.

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Mental Health Exam 2 - Quiz

Mental Health Exam 2 explores crisis intervention through scenarios involving psychological growth, ineffective coping strategies, traumatic stress, and dispositional crises. It assesses understanding of appropriate interventions and support mechanisms in mental health nursing.

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2. Theresa is hospitalized following a suicide attempt after breaking up with her boyfriend. Theresa says to the nurse, "When I get out of here, I'm going to try this again, and next time I'll choose a no-fail method." Which is the best response by the nurse?

Explanation

The best response by the nurse is to ask Theresa what exactly she plans to do. This response shows concern for Theresa's safety and opens up a dialogue about her intentions. It allows the nurse to assess the seriousness of the situation and potentially intervene to prevent further harm.

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3. In determining degree of suicidal risk with a suicidal client, the nurse assesses the following behavioral manifestations: severely depressed, withdrawn, statements of worthlessness, difficulty accomplishing activities of daily living, no close support systems. The nurse identifies the client's risk for suicide as:

Explanation

The nurse identifies the client's risk for suicide as high because the client is exhibiting several behavioral manifestations that are commonly associated with a higher risk of suicide. These manifestations include severe depression, withdrawal from others, statements of worthlessness, difficulty completing daily activities, and lacking close support systems. These factors indicate that the client is experiencing significant distress and may be at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

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4. Tony, age 21, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has been socially isolated and hearing voices telling him to kill his parents. He has been admitted to the psychiatric unit from the emergency department. The initial nursing intervention for Tony is to:

Explanation

The initial nursing intervention for Tony, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is experiencing auditory hallucinations and homicidal thoughts, is to ensure a safe environment for him and others. This is important to prevent harm to himself and others. Providing a safe environment may involve removing any potential weapons or harmful objects, closely monitoring his behavior, and implementing appropriate safety measures. Giving him medication or placing him in restraints may be considered later interventions depending on his condition and the recommendation of the healthcare team. Ordering him a nutritious diet is not the priority in this situation.

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5. The nurse is interviewing a client on the psychiatric unit. The client tilts his head to the side, stops talking in midsentence, and listens intently. The nurse recognizes these behaviors as a symptom of the client's illness. The most appropriate nursing intervention for this symptom is to: 

Explanation

The client's behavior of tilting his head to the side, stopping talking in midsentence, and listening intently suggests that he may be experiencing auditory hallucinations. Asking the client to describe what he is hearing is the most appropriate nursing intervention as it allows the nurse to gather more information about the client's symptoms and gain insight into his perception of reality. This can help in assessing the severity of the hallucinations and developing an appropriate care plan. Administering a dose of benztropine or calling the physician for additional orders may be necessary in certain situations, but the initial intervention should be focused on gathering more information from the client.

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6. Which of the following is a correct assumption regarding the concept of crisis? 

Explanation

A crisis situation contains the potential for psychological growth or deterioration. This assumption is correct because a crisis is a highly stressful event or situation that disrupts a person's usual coping mechanisms. It can either lead to personal growth and development as individuals learn new ways to cope and adapt, or it can result in psychological deterioration if the person is unable to effectively manage the crisis. Therefore, a crisis situation has the potential to either positively or negatively impact an individual's psychological well-being.

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7. Which of the following represents a nursing intervention at the primary level of prevention?

Explanation

Teaching a class in parent effectiveness training represents a nursing intervention at the primary level of prevention because it aims to prevent health problems from occurring in the first place. By educating parents on effective parenting techniques, the nurse is helping to promote healthy child development and prevent potential issues such as behavioral problems or neglect. This intervention focuses on promoting health and well-being rather than treating existing health problems, which is characteristic of primary prevention.

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8. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for a client with agoraphobia?

Explanation

The most appropriate therapy for a client with agoraphobia is facing her fear in gradual step progression. Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or embarrassing. Gradual exposure therapy helps the client confront their fears in a controlled and systematic manner, starting with less anxiety-provoking situations and gradually progressing to more challenging ones. This therapy helps the client build confidence and overcome their fear of being in public places or situations. Medication like Valium may be used to manage symptoms, but it is not the most appropriate therapy for agoraphobia. Group therapy and hypnosis may be helpful as adjunctive treatments, but they are not the primary therapy for agoraphobia.

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9. The nurse is interviewing a client on the psychiatric unit. The client tilts his head to the side, stops talking in midsentence, and listens intently. The nurse recognizes from these signs that the client is likely experiencing:

Explanation

The client's behavior of tilting his head to the side, stopping talking in midsentence, and listening intently suggests that he is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Auditory hallucinations involve hearing sounds or voices that are not actually present. The client's behavior indicates that he is focused on something that others cannot perceive, which is a common symptom of auditory hallucinations. This is different from somatic delusions, which involve false beliefs about the body, catatonic stupor, which is a state of unresponsiveness, and pseudoparkinsonism, which is a medication side effect causing Parkinson's-like symptoms.

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10. The desired outcome of working with an individual who has witnessed a traumatic event and is now experiencing panic anxiety is:

Explanation

The desired outcome of working with an individual who has witnessed a traumatic event and is now experiencing panic anxiety is for the individual to maintain anxiety at a manageable level. This means that the goal is not to eliminate anxiety completely, as some level of anxiety may be normal and adaptive in certain situations. Instead, the focus is on helping the individual learn coping strategies and techniques to manage their anxiety so that it does not become overwhelming or interfere with their daily functioning. This approach recognizes that complete elimination of anxiety may not be realistic or necessary, but instead aims to help the individual develop skills to effectively manage and cope with their anxiety.

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11. The physician orders sertraline (Zoloft) 50 mg PO bid for Margaret, a 68-year-old woman with major depressive disorder. After 3 days of taking the medication, Margaret says to the nurse, "I don't think this medicine is doing any good. I don't feel a bit better." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Explanation

The most appropriate response by the nurse is option b. It is important for the nurse to educate Margaret about the delayed onset of action for sertraline (Zoloft) in treating major depressive disorder. By explaining that it may take a few weeks for the medication to bring about an improvement in symptoms, the nurse provides reassurance and helps manage Margaret's expectations. This response also indicates that the nurse understands the medication and its expected effects, and does not dismiss Margaret's concerns or suggest alternative treatments without consulting the physician.

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12. Karen, age 23, graduated from nursing school with a 3.2/4.0 grade point average. She recently took the NCLEX exam and did not pass. Because of this, she had to give up her graduate nursing job until she can pass the exam. She has become very depressed and has sought counseling at the mental health clinic. Karen says to the psychiatric nurse, "I am a complete failure. I'm so dumb, I can't do anything right." What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for Karen?

Explanation

The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for Karen is situational low self-esteem. This is because Karen's feelings of being a failure and not being able to do anything right are directly related to her recent failure in passing the NCLEX exam and having to give up her graduate nursing job. It is a situational issue that is causing her low self-esteem, rather than a chronic or ongoing problem.

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13. The most appropriate crisis intervention with Amanda (from question 3) would be to:

Explanation

The most appropriate crisis intervention with Amanda would be to discuss stages of grief and feelings associated with each. This would help Amanda understand and process her emotions and reactions to the traumatic event she experienced, allowing her to begin the healing process. It would also provide her with a framework for understanding her own journey through grief and help her feel supported and validated in her experiences. Additionally, discussing the stages of grief can help normalize her feelings and provide her with a sense of hope for the future.

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14. . Nancy tried out for the cheerleading squad in junior high, but was rejected. At age 15, she had looked forward to trying out for the cheerleading squad in high school. She took cheerleading classes and practiced for many hours every day. However, when tryouts were held, she was not selected. She has become despondent, and her mother takes her to the mental health clinic for counseling. Nancy tells the nurse, "What's the use of trying? I'm not good at anything!" Which of the following nursing interventions is best for Nancy's specific problem?

Explanation

Exploring Nancy's past successes and accomplishments can help her to recognize her strengths and build her self-esteem. By reminding her of her previous achievements, the nurse can help Nancy see that she is capable of success and that this recent failure does not define her abilities. This intervention can also help Nancy to regain her confidence and motivation to try again in the future.

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15. The psychiatric nurse encourages Nancy (the client in question 3) to express her anger. Why is this an appropriate nursing intervention?

Explanation

The nurse encourages Nancy to express her anger because it is an appropriate nursing intervention to guide her through the grief process. Expressing anger can be a healthy way for Nancy to cope with her emotions and work through her grief. It allows her to acknowledge and process her feelings, leading to a healthier and more effective grieving process. By encouraging Nancy to express her anger, the nurse is providing her with a supportive and therapeutic environment to navigate her grief journey.

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16. The goal of cognitive therapy with depressed clients is to:

Explanation

Cognitive therapy with depressed clients aims to identify and change dysfunctional patterns of thinking. This approach recognizes that negative thoughts and beliefs contribute to depression, and by challenging and replacing these thoughts with more realistic and positive ones, clients can experience relief from their symptoms. Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and reframe negative thought patterns, leading to improved mood and overall well-being. This approach does not involve resolving symptoms through family functioning, altering neurotransmitters, or providing peer feedback.

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17. A client with depression has just been prescribed the antidepressant phenelzine (Nardil). She says to the nurse, "The doctor says I will need to watch my diet while I'm on this medication. What foods should I avoid?" Which of the following is the correct response by the nurse?

Explanation

The correct response is a. Blue cheese, red wine, raisins. This is because phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and certain foods containing high levels of tyramine can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure when combined with MAOIs. Blue cheese, red wine, and raisins are all high in tyramine and should be avoided while taking phenelzine. Black beans, garlic, pears, pork, shellfish, egg yolks, milk, peanuts, and tomatoes do not contain high levels of tyramine and do not need to be avoided.

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18. Velma told Betty a secret that Mary had told her. This is an example of which of the following?

Explanation

Velma telling Betty a secret that Mary had told her is an example of a boundary violation. Boundaries are the limits and expectations we set in our relationships to protect our privacy and personal information. In this situation, Velma crossed a boundary by sharing a secret that Mary had entrusted to her, violating Mary's trust and privacy. This action demonstrates a lack of respect for boundaries and can lead to strained relationships.

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19. Tommy says to his friend, "I can't ever talk to my Daddy until after he has read his newspaper." This is an example of which of the following?

Explanation

This statement suggests that Tommy's father has a strict rule that he must read his newspaper before Tommy can talk to him. This indicates a rigid boundary, as there is a clear and inflexible rule about when communication can occur.

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20. Margaret, age 68, is diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, current episode manic. She is extremely hyperactive and has lost weight. One way to promote adequate nutritional intake for Margaret is to: 

Explanation

Providing high-calorie, nutritious finger foods and snacks that Margaret can eat "on the run" is a suitable approach to promote adequate nutritional intake for Margaret. Since she is extremely hyperactive and has lost weight, it implies that she may have a decreased appetite or difficulty sitting down for full meals. By offering high-calorie, nutritious finger foods and snacks that she can eat while remaining active, Margaret can consume sufficient calories and nutrients to support her health despite her manic episode.

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21. Some biological factors may be associated with the predisposition to suicide. Which of the following biological factors have been implicated?

Explanation

Genetics and decreased levels of serotonin have been implicated as biological factors associated with the predisposition to suicide. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood, and lower levels of serotonin have been linked to an increased risk of depression and suicidal behavior. Additionally, genetic factors can influence an individual's susceptibility to mental health disorders, including depression and suicidal tendencies. Therefore, the combination of genetics and decreased levels of serotonin can contribute to an increased predisposition to suicide.

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22. Theresa, age 27, was admitted to the psychiatric unit from the medical intensive care unit where she was treated for taking a deliberate overdose of her antidepressant medication, trazodone (Desyrel). She says to the nurse, "My boyfriend broke up with me. We had been together for 6 years. I love him so much. I know I'll never get over him." Which is the best response by the nurse?

Explanation

The best response by the nurse is "You must be feeling very sad about your loss." This response acknowledges Theresa's feelings and validates her emotions. It shows empathy and understanding towards Theresa's situation, allowing her to express her emotions and feel supported. The other options either minimize her feelings or focus on finding a reason for the breakup, which may not be helpful in the immediate moment.

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23. Sam, who has been hospitalized for ECT treatments, says to the nurse on admission, "I don't want to end up like McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest! I'm scared!" Which of the following statements would be most appropriate by the nurse in response to Sam's expression of concern?     

Explanation

The most appropriate response by the nurse would be option c because it acknowledges Sam's fear and offers reassurance by stating that they will discuss what he can expect from the therapy. This response shows empathy and understanding towards Sam's concerns, and it also indicates that the nurse is willing to address his fears and provide information to alleviate them.

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24. A client who is experiencing a panic attack has just arrived at the emergency department. Which is the priority nursing intervention for this client? 

Explanation

The priority nursing intervention for a client experiencing a panic attack is to stay with the client and reassure them of safety. Panic attacks can be overwhelming and frightening for the client, so providing a calm and supportive presence is essential. By staying with the client, the nurse can help to prevent any harm that may occur during the panic attack and provide reassurance that they are not alone. Administering diazepam may be appropriate in some cases, but it is not the priority intervention. Leaving the client alone in a quiet room may increase their anxiety, and encouraging them to talk about what triggered the attack may be helpful but is not the priority intervention.

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25. When a client suddenly becomes aggressive and violent on the unit, which of the following approaches would be best for the nurse to use first?

Explanation

The best approach for the nurse to use first when a client suddenly becomes aggressive and violent on the unit is to call for sufficient help to control the situation safely. This is the most important step to ensure the safety of both the client and the staff. By calling for help, the nurse can ensure that there are enough staff members available to safely intervene and de-escalate the situation. This approach prioritizes the physical safety of everyone involved and allows for a more effective resolution of the situation.

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26. An elderly client says to the nurse, "I don't want to go to that crafts class. I'm too old to learn anything." Based on knowledge of the aging process, which of the following is a true statement?

Explanation

As individuals age, their learning ability remains intact, but the time required for learning increases. This is due to changes in cognitive processing speed and efficiency. While memory functioning may decline in the elderly, it is not necessarily limited to long-term memories of remote events. Intellectual functioning may also decline with age, but it is not the most accurate statement in this context. Cognitive functioning can be affected in aging individuals, although it varies from person to person.

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27. . Marie, age 56, is the mother of five children. Her youngest child, who had been living at home and attending the local college, recently graduated and accepted a job in another state. Marie has never worked outside the home and has devoted her life to satisfying the needs of her husband and children. Since the departure of her last child from home, Marie has become more and more despondent. Her husband has become very concerned, and takes her to the local mental health center. This type of crisis is called:

Explanation

The given scenario describes Marie experiencing a crisis after her youngest child leaves home. This crisis is known as a "crisis of anticipated life transitions." It refers to a period of distress or difficulty that occurs when an individual is faced with significant life changes or transitions, such as children leaving home, retirement, or other major life events. In this case, Marie's identity and purpose in life were closely tied to being a mother, and the sudden change of her children leaving has caused her to feel despondent.

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28. A client with OCD spends many hours each day washing her hands. The most likely reason she washes her hands so much is that it:

Explanation

The most likely reason the client with OCD washes her hands so much is that it relieves her anxiety. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety. In this case, the client's excessive hand washing is a compulsive behavior that provides temporary relief from the anxiety associated with her obsessions. This behavior becomes a cycle, as the relief reinforces the hand washing and perpetuates the OCD symptoms.

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29. The initial care plan for a client with OCD who washes her hands obsessively would include which of the following nursing interventions?

Explanation

The correct answer is b because structuring the client's schedule to allow for plenty of time to wash her hands is a nursing intervention that acknowledges and addresses the client's obsessive-compulsive behavior. This intervention recognizes the importance of allowing the client to engage in her compulsive behavior in a controlled and structured manner, rather than attempting to restrict or eliminate the behavior altogether. This approach is consistent with the principles of harm reduction and client-centered care.

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30. Theresa, who has been hospitalized following a suicide attempt, is placed on suicide precautions on the psychiatric unit. She admits that she is still feeling suicidal. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate in this instance? 

Explanation

The most appropriate intervention in this instance is to check on Theresa every 15 minutes or assign a staff person to stay with her on a one-to-one basis. This is because Theresa has admitted that she is still feeling suicidal, indicating that she is at high risk for self-harm. By regularly checking on her or assigning someone to stay with her, the healthcare team can closely monitor her and ensure her safety. Restraints should only be used as a last resort when all other interventions have failed and there is an immediate risk of harm. Sedatives may be considered, but the primary focus should be on ensuring her safety. Not allowing Theresa to participate in unit activities may further isolate her, which can exacerbate her feelings of distress.

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31. . Jenny reported to the high school nurse that her mother drinks too much. She is drunk every afternoon when Jenny gets home from school. Jenny is afraid to invite friends over because of her mother's behavior. This type of crisis is called:

Explanation

A dispositional crisis refers to a crisis that arises from an individual's internal characteristics or predispositions. In this scenario, Jenny's mother's excessive drinking and disruptive behavior create a crisis for Jenny, as it affects her daily life and social interactions. This crisis is not caused by traumatic stress, maturational/developmental factors, or psychopathology, but rather by her mother's disposition to drink excessively.

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32. The primary goal in working with an actively psychotic, suspicious client would be to:

Explanation

The primary goal in working with an actively psychotic, suspicious client would be to decrease his anxiety and increase trust. This is because individuals who are actively psychotic often experience high levels of anxiety and paranoia, which can hinder their ability to engage in therapy and build a therapeutic relationship. By decreasing anxiety, the client may feel more comfortable and open to participating in therapy activities. Increasing trust is also important as it can help establish a sense of safety and collaboration between the client and therapist, leading to better treatment outcomes.

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33. Which of the following conditions is considered to be the only absolute contraindication for ECT?

Explanation

Increased intracranial pressure is considered to be the only absolute contraindication for ECT. ECT involves the administration of an electrical current to the brain, which can increase intracranial pressure. If a patient already has increased intracranial pressure, ECT could further exacerbate this condition and potentially lead to serious complications such as brain herniation. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid ECT in patients with increased intracranial pressure to ensure their safety.

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34. Ginger, age 19 and an only child, left 3 months ago to attend a college of her choice 500 miles away from her parents. It is Ginger's first time away from home. She has difficulty making decisions and will not undertake anything new without first consulting her mother. They talk on the phone almost every day. Ginger has recently started having anxiety attacks. She consults the nurse practitioner in the student health center. This type of crisis is called:

Explanation

Ginger's situation can be categorized as a maturational/developmental crisis because she is experiencing anxiety attacks as a result of being away from home for the first time and facing new challenges in college. This type of crisis is common during major life transitions and milestones, such as leaving home for college. Ginger's difficulty in making decisions and her constant need for consultation with her mother further indicate that she is struggling with the developmental task of individuation and separation from her parents.

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35. Intervention with Andrew (from question 12) would include:

Explanation

Intervention with Andrew would include encouraging expression of feelings, as this can help him process and cope with his emotions. Participation in a support group can provide Andrew with a supportive community and the opportunity to share experiences with others who may be going through similar challenges. Additionally, antianxiety medications may be prescribed to help manage any anxiety symptoms that Andrew may be experiencing. Therefore, all of the options (a, b, and c) are correct and would be part of the intervention plan for Andrew.

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36. The husband says to the wife, "What do you want to do tonight?" and the wife responds, "Whatever you want to do." This is an example of which of the following?

Explanation

This is an example of a too flexible boundary because the wife is not expressing her own desires or preferences, but instead deferring to the husband's wishes. This lack of assertiveness and self-expression can indicate a boundary that is too flexible and can lead to potential issues in the relationship.

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37. A client whose husband died 6 months ago is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She says to the nurse, "I start feeling angry that Harold died and left me all alone; he should have stopped smoking years ago! But then I start feeling guilty for feeling that way." What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

Explanation

The correct response by the nurse is c. “Those feelings are a normal part of the grief response.” This response acknowledges the client's feelings of anger and guilt and validates them as normal reactions to the loss of a loved one. It reassures the client that her feelings are valid and helps normalize her experience of grief.

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38. A newly admitted depressed client isolates herself in her room and just sits and stares into space. How best might the nurse begin an initial therapeutic relationship with this client?

Explanation

The best way for the nurse to begin an initial therapeutic relationship with the depressed client is by making frequent short visits to her room and sitting with her. This approach shows the client that the nurse is available and supportive, without being intrusive. It allows the client to feel heard and understood, and provides an opportunity for the nurse to establish trust and rapport. By spending time with the client in her room, the nurse can also observe her behavior and mood, which can help in developing an appropriate care plan.

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39. Twins Jan and Jean still dress alike even though they are grown and married. This is an example of which of the following?

Explanation

This is an example of an enmeshed boundary. Enmeshed boundaries occur when individuals have difficulty distinguishing their own thoughts, feelings, and identities from those of others. In this case, Jan and Jean continue to dress alike even though they are grown and married, indicating a lack of individuality and a strong sense of merging their identities with each other.

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40. Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for suicide? 

Explanation

John, age 72, who has been diagnosed with metastatic cancer of the pancreas, is at the highest risk for suicide. Having a terminal illness like cancer can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair, which can increase the risk of suicidal ideation. Additionally, being in a low socioeconomic group may limit access to quality healthcare and support services, further exacerbating feelings of distress. Age is also a risk factor, as older individuals may experience increased isolation and loss of social support. Therefore, John's combination of physical health condition, socioeconomic status, and age puts him at the highest risk for suicide.

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41. The physician orders lithium carbonate 600 mg tid for a newly diagnosed client with Bipolar I Disorder. There is a narrow margin between the therapeutic and toxic levels of lithium. Therapeutic range for acute mania is:

Explanation

The therapeutic range for acute mania in a client with Bipolar I Disorder is 1.0 to 1.5 mEq/L. This means that the client's lithium levels should be maintained within this range in order to effectively manage their symptoms. It is important to closely monitor lithium levels as there is a narrow margin between the therapeutic and toxic levels. Levels below 1.0 mEq/L may not adequately control symptoms, while levels above 1.5 mEq/L can lead to toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, maintaining lithium levels within the therapeutic range is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes.

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42. A client experiencing a manic episode enters the milieu area dressed in a provocative and physically revealing outfit. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse?

Explanation

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43. The most common side effects of ECT are: 

Explanation

ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) is a medical procedure used to treat severe depression and other mental illnesses. It involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce controlled seizures. The most common side effects of ECT are temporary memory loss and confusion. This is because the electrical stimulation disrupts the normal functioning of the brain, causing these temporary cognitive impairments. However, it is important to note that permanent memory loss and brain damage are not common side effects of ECT, contrary to popular belief.

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44. Mrs. G, who has NCD due to Alzheimer's disease, says to the nurse, "I have a date tonight. I always have a date on Christmas." Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

Explanation

The most appropriate response is option b because it acknowledges the patient's statement and provides her with accurate information about the current date and upcoming events. It also shows empathy by mentioning that her daughter will come to visit, which may help to reassure Mrs. G. and alleviate any confusion or anxiety she may be experiencing due to her Alzheimer's disease.

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45. Which of the following outcome criteria would be most appropriate for the client described in question 1?

Explanation

The most appropriate outcome criteria for the client described in question 1 would be that Karen is able to express positive aspects about herself and her life situation. This is because the question states that the client is described in question 1, and based on the options provided, expressing positive aspects about herself and her life situation would be the most relevant and appropriate outcome for the client.

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46. Mr. B, age 79, is admitted to the psychiatric unit for depression. He has lost weight and has become socially isolated. His wife died 5 years ago and his son tells the nurse, "He did very well when Mom died. He didn't even cry." Which would be the priority nursing intervention for Mr. B?

Explanation

The priority nursing intervention for Mr. B would be to encourage him to talk about his wife's death. This is because Mr. B has experienced a significant loss and is showing signs of depression, such as weight loss and social isolation. Encouraging him to talk about his wife's death can help him process his grief and emotions, and potentially provide some relief. It can also help the nurse assess his mental health and provide appropriate support and interventions.

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47. According to the literature, which of the following is most important for individuals to maintain a healthy, adaptive old age?

Explanation

Maintaining social interaction is considered the most important for individuals to maintain a healthy, adaptive old age. Social interaction has been linked to various benefits for older adults, including better cognitive function, emotional well-being, and physical health. It provides opportunities for mental stimulation, emotional support, and a sense of belonging, which are crucial for overall well-being. Additionally, staying socially active helps prevent social isolation and loneliness, which are associated with negative health outcomes in older adults. Therefore, remaining socially interactive is essential for promoting a healthy and adaptive old age.

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48. Which of the following represents a nursing intervention at the secondary level of prevention?

Explanation

Providing support in the emergency room to a rape victim represents a nursing intervention at the secondary level of prevention because it aims to reduce the impact of a health problem (rape) that has already occurred. This intervention focuses on providing immediate care, support, and resources to the victim to minimize the physical and psychological consequences of the traumatic event. It also involves addressing immediate safety concerns, conducting forensic examinations, and providing emotional support and counseling to help the victim cope with the aftermath of the assault.

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49. . Amanda's mobile home was destroyed by a tornado. Amanda received only minor injuries, but is experiencing disabling anxiety in the aftermath of the event. This type of crisis is called:

Explanation

Amanda's experience of her mobile home being destroyed by a tornado has resulted in her experiencing disabling anxiety. This type of crisis is called a crisis resulting from traumatic stress because the traumatic event of the tornado has caused significant distress and anxiety for Amanda.

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50. With implosion therapy, a client with phobic anxiety would be:

Explanation

Implosion therapy is a type of therapy used to treat phobias by exposing the client to an overwhelming amount of stimuli associated with the phobic object or situation. This exposure is meant to help the client confront and overcome their fear, rather than avoiding or escaping from it. By being presented with a massive exposure to various stimuli associated with the phobic object or situation, the client has the opportunity to desensitize themselves and learn that their fear is unfounded or exaggerated.

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51. Electroconvulsive therapy is most commonly prescribed for:

Explanation

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most commonly prescribed for major depression. ECT involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce a controlled seizure. It is typically used when other treatments, such as medication and therapy, have not been effective in treating severe depression. ECT has been shown to be particularly effective in cases where depression is accompanied by suicidal tendencies, psychotic features, or a lack of response to other treatments. It is not typically used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, paranoid schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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52. Clint, a client on the psychiatric unit, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He begins to tell the nurse about how the CIA is looking for him and will kill him if they find him. Clint's belief is an example of:

Explanation

Clint's belief that the CIA is looking for him and will kill him if they find him is an example of a delusion of persecution. This type of delusion involves a false belief that one is being targeted, harassed, or harmed by others. In Clint's case, he believes that a powerful organization is after him, which is a common manifestation of delusions in individuals with schizophrenia.

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53. Margaret, age 68, is a widow of 6 months. Since her husband died, her sister reports that Margaret has become socially withdrawn, has lost weight, and does little more each day than visit the cemetery where her husband was buried. She told her sister today that she "didn't have anything more to live for." She has been hospitalized with major depressive disorder. The priority nursing diagnosis for Margaret would be:

Explanation

The priority nursing diagnosis for Margaret would be "Risk for suicide" because she has expressed thoughts of not having anything more to live for and has become socially withdrawn since her husband's death. These symptoms indicate a high risk for suicide and should be addressed as a priority to ensure her safety and well-being.

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54. Ann is a psychiatric home health nurse. She has just received an order to begin regular visits to Mrs. W, a 78-year-old widow who lives alone. Mrs. W's primary-care physician has diagnosed her as depressed. Based on a needs assessment, which of the following problems would Ann address during her first visit?

Explanation

During the first visit, Ann would address the problem of "Risk for injury" because Mrs. W is a 78-year-old widow who lives alone and has been diagnosed with depression. Depression can often lead to a lack of motivation, decreased energy levels, and impaired concentration, which can increase the risk of accidents and injuries. Therefore, Ann would prioritize assessing and addressing any potential safety hazards in Mrs. W's home to prevent any accidents or injuries from occurring.

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55. The physician orders trazadone (Desyrel) for Mrs. W (a 78-year-old widow with depression), 150 mg to take at bedtime. Which of the following statements about this medication would be appropriate for the home health nurse to make in teaching Mrs. W about trazadone? 

Explanation

The correct answer is a. This statement is appropriate because trazodone can cause orthostatic hypotension, which can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness when standing up. By advising Mrs. W to go slowly when transitioning from a seated or lying down position, the nurse is helping to prevent falls or injury.

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56. Education for the client who is taking MAOIs should include which of the following?

Explanation

Education for clients taking MAOIs should include information about a tyramine-restricted diet, as MAOIs can interact with tyramine-rich foods and cause a hypertensive crisis. Clients should also be educated about the need to avoid concurrent use of over-the-counter medications without physician notification, as certain medications can interact with MAOIs and cause adverse effects. This education is important to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medication.

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57.  John is a client at the mental health clinic. He is depressed, has been expressing suicidal ideations, and has been seeing the psychiatric nurse every 3 days. He has been taking 100 mg of sertraline daily for about a month, receiving small amounts of the medication from his nurse at each visit. Today he comes to the clinic in a cheerful mood, much different than he seemed just 3 days ago. How might the nurse assess this behavioral change?

Explanation

The nurse should assess this behavioral change as a potential warning sign that John may have decided to carry out his suicide plan. Sudden shifts from a depressed state to a cheerful mood can sometimes indicate that an individual has made a decision to end their life. It is important for the nurse to carefully evaluate John's current mental state and ensure his safety.

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58. Margaret, a 68-year-old widow, is brought to the emergency department by her sister-in-law. Margaret has a history of bipolar disorder and has been maintained on medication for many years. Her sister-in-law reports that Margaret quit taking her medication a few months ago, thinking she didn't need it anymore. She is agitated, pacing, demanding, and speaking very loudly. Her sister-in-law reports that Margaret eats very little, is losing weight, and almost never sleeps. "I'm afraid she's going to just collapse!" Margaret is admitted to the psychiatric unit. The priority nursing diagnosis for Margaret is:

Explanation

The priority nursing diagnosis for Margaret is "Risk for injury related to hyperactivity." This is because Margaret is displaying symptoms of agitation, pacing, demanding behavior, and speaking loudly, which indicate hyperactivity. Additionally, her sister-in-law reports that Margaret eats very little, is losing weight, and almost never sleeps, which further supports the diagnosis of hyperactivity. The risk for injury is high due to Margaret's agitated and hyperactive state, making it important for the nurse to prioritize interventions to prevent any harm or accidents.

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59. The nurse identifies the primary nursing diagnosis for Theresa as Risk for Suicide related to feelings of hopelessness from loss of relationship. Which is the outcome criterion that would most accurately measure achievement of this diagnosis?

Explanation

The outcome criterion that would most accurately measure achievement of the nursing diagnosis "Risk for Suicide related to feelings of hopelessness from loss of relationship" is option a, "The client has experienced no physical harm to herself." This criterion indicates that the client has not engaged in any self-harming behaviors, which is a significant indicator of progress in addressing the risk for suicide. It shows that the client has been able to maintain her physical safety and well-being, which is a positive outcome in managing the identified risk.

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60. Theresa is hospitalized following a suicide attempt after breaking up with her boyfriend. Freudian psychoanalytic theory would explain Theresa's suicide attempt in which of the following ways?

Explanation

Freudian psychoanalytic theory suggests that Theresa's suicide attempt can be explained by her anger towards her boyfriend for breaking up with her, which she has internalized and directed towards herself. This theory focuses on the unconscious mind and the influence of unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions on behavior. According to Freud, individuals may turn their anger inward in the form of self-destructive behaviors, such as self-harm or suicide attempts, as a way to cope with their feelings of anger and frustration.

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61. The most common comorbid condition in children with bipolar disorder is:

Explanation

The most common comorbid condition in children with bipolar disorder is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual. Bipolar disorder and ADHD often coexist in children, with studies showing a high prevalence of ADHD symptoms in children with bipolar disorder. This comorbidity can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of both disorders, as symptoms can overlap and interact with each other. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to carefully assess and address both bipolar disorder and ADHD symptoms in children to provide appropriate treatment and support.

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62. A child with bipolar disorder also has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). How would these co-morbid conditions most likely be treated?

Explanation

The correct answer is c. The bipolar condition would be stabilized first before medication for the ADHD would be given. This is because treating the bipolar disorder is typically the priority in order to stabilize the child's mood and prevent any potential manic or depressive episodes. Once the bipolar disorder is under control, medication for ADHD can be considered to address the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

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63. The priority nursing intervention before starting ECT therapy is to:

Explanation

Before starting ECT therapy, it is essential to ensure that the consent form has been signed. This is important because ECT therapy is an invasive procedure that carries potential risks and side effects. By ensuring that the consent form has been signed, the healthcare team can confirm that the patient has been fully informed about the procedure, its potential benefits, risks, and alternatives, and has given their voluntary consent to undergo the therapy. This ensures that the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own healthcare are respected and upheld.

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64. Mrs. G has been diagnosed with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease. The primary nursing intervention in working with Mrs. G is which of the following?

Explanation

The primary nursing intervention in working with Mrs. G, who has been diagnosed with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease, is to ensure that the environment is safe to prevent injury. This is because individuals with Alzheimer's disease often experience cognitive decline, memory loss, and confusion, which can increase their risk of accidents and injuries. By creating a safe environment, such as removing tripping hazards, securing furniture, and implementing safety measures, the nurse can minimize the risk of harm and promote the well-being of Mrs. G.

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65. A client says to the nurse: "I read an article about Alzheimer's and it said the disease is hereditary. My mother has Alzheimer's disease. Does that mean I'll get it when I'm old?" The nurse bases her response on the knowledge that which of the following factors is not associated with increased incidence of NCD due to Alzheimer's disease?

Explanation

The nurse knows that multiple small strokes are not associated with an increased incidence of NCD (neurocognitive disorder) due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is primarily caused by genetic factors (family history), head trauma, and advanced age. Multiple small strokes, on the other hand, can lead to a different type of dementia called vascular dementia. Therefore, the client's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is not increased by multiple small strokes.

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66. Andrew, a New York City firefighter, and his entire unit responded to the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center. Working as a team, he and his best friend, Carlo, entered the area together. Carlo was killed when the building collapsed. Andrew was injured, but survived. Since that time, Andrew has had frequent nightmares and anxiety attacks. He says to the mental health worker, "I don't know why Carlo had to die and I didn't!" This statement by Andrew suggests that he is experiencing:

Explanation

The statement made by Andrew, "I don't know why Carlo had to die and I didn't!" suggests that he is experiencing survivor's guilt. Survivor's guilt is a common psychological response to surviving a traumatic event while others did not. It is characterized by feelings of guilt, self-blame, and questioning why one survived while others did not. Andrew's statement reflects his struggle with understanding why he survived while his best friend did not, leading to feelings of guilt and questioning his own worthiness of survival.

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67. Karen's counselor asked her if she would like a hug. This is an example of which of the following?

Explanation

This scenario demonstrates showing respect for the boundary of another because the counselor asked Karen if she would like a hug, allowing her to make a decision about her personal space and physical boundaries. This shows an understanding and consideration for Karen's autonomy and comfort level.

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68. A nurse is assisting an individual with mental illness recovery using the Tidal Model. Which of the following is a component of this model?

Explanation

The Tidal Model is a framework used by mental health professionals to assist individuals with mental illness recovery. One of the components of this model is the individual's personal story. This refers to the unique experiences, beliefs, and values of the individual, which are important in understanding their mental health journey and tailoring appropriate interventions. By acknowledging and exploring the personal story, the nurse can gain insight into the individual's perspective and work collaboratively towards their recovery goals.

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69. A nurse who is helping a client with mental illness recovery using the WRAP Model says to the client, "First you must create a wellness toolbox." She explains to the client that a wellness toolbox is which of the following?

Explanation

The nurse explains to the client that a wellness toolbox is a list of strategies the client has used in the past that help relieve disturbing symptoms. This means that the client can refer to this list whenever they are experiencing symptoms and use the strategies that have worked for them in the past to help alleviate those symptoms. It allows the client to have a personalized set of tools to manage their mental illness and promote their recovery.

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70.    Clara, an 80-year-old woman, says to the nurse, "I'm all alone now. My husband is gone. My best friend is gone. My daughter is busy with her work and family. I might as well just go, too." Which is the best response by the nurse? 

Explanation

The best response by the nurse is to ask Clara directly if she is thinking about wanting to die. This response shows empathy and concern for Clara's well-being, and allows her to express her feelings openly. It opens up a conversation about her mental health and allows the nurse to assess if Clara is at risk of self-harm or suicide.

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71. Ms. T. has been diagnosed with agoraphobia. Which behavior would be most characteristic of this disorder? 

Explanation

The most characteristic behavior of agoraphobia is staying in one's home out of fear of being in a place from which they cannot escape. This fear often leads to avoidance of situations such as crowded places, public transportation, or open spaces. This behavior is consistent with the definition of agoraphobia, which is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of situations or places that may cause panic, embarrassment, or a feeling of being trapped.

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72. Crises occur when an individual: 

Explanation

Crises occur when an individual experiences a stressor and perceives coping strategies to be ineffective. This means that when a person is faced with a difficult situation or event (stressor) and they feel that their usual methods of dealing with it are not working, they may enter a crisis. In this state, the individual may feel overwhelmed and unable to effectively manage or resolve the stressor, leading to increased distress and potential negative outcomes.

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73. What is the most appropriate way to communicate with an elderly person who is deaf in his right ear?

Explanation

The most appropriate way to communicate with an elderly person who is deaf in his right ear is to speak face-to-face in a low-pitched voice. Speaking face-to-face ensures that the person can see your facial expressions and lip movements, which can aid in understanding. Speaking in a low-pitched voice helps to amplify the sound and make it easier for the person to hear, compensating for the hearing loss in the right ear.

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74. Joanie is a new patient at the mental health clinic. She has been diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder. Which of the following medications is the psychiatric nurse practitioner most likely to prescribe for Joanie?

Explanation

Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD is a mental disorder characterized by an excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance. SSRIs like fluoxetine can help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors associated with BDD. Alprazolam and Diazepam are benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety disorders, while Olanzapine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Therefore, fluoxetine is the most appropriate medication for Joanie's condition.

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75. Success of long-term psychotherapy with Theresa (who attempted suicide following a breakup with her boyfriend) could be measured by which of the following behaviors?

Explanation

The success of long-term psychotherapy with Theresa, who attempted suicide following a breakup with her boyfriend, could be measured by her increased sense of self-worth. This indicates that therapy has helped her develop a more positive perception of herself, which is crucial for her overall mental well-being and resilience. It suggests that she has gained confidence, self-acceptance, and a healthier self-image, which can contribute to her ability to cope with challenges and maintain a stable emotional state.

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76. The most appropriate nursing intervention with Marie (from question 9) would be to: 

Explanation

The most appropriate nursing intervention for Marie would be to begin grief work and assist her in recognizing areas of self-worth separate from her children. This intervention acknowledges Marie's feelings of loss and helps her navigate through the grieving process. By helping her identify her own self-worth, the nurse can support Marie in finding new sources of fulfillment and purpose in her life. This intervention promotes Marie's emotional well-being and helps her cope with the changes in her life.

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77. Which of the following represents a nursing intervention at the tertiary level of prevention?

Explanation

Serving as a case manager for a mentally ill homeless client represents a nursing intervention at the tertiary level of prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the impact of a disease or illness that has already occurred and aims to prevent further complications or disabilities. In this case, the nurse is providing support and resources to a mentally ill homeless client, helping to manage their condition and prevent any further deterioration in their health. This intervention is aimed at reducing the negative consequences of the client's mental illness and homelessness.

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78. Electroconvulsive therapy is thought to effect a therapeutic response by:

Explanation

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment that involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce a controlled seizure. It is believed to have a therapeutic response by increasing the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating mood, emotions, and overall mental well-being. By increasing their levels, ECT may help alleviate symptoms of depression and other mental disorders. Stimulation of the CNS (option a) is a general effect of ECT, but it does not specifically explain the therapeutic response. Decreasing the levels of acetylcholine and monoamine oxidase (option b) and altering sodium metabolism within nerve and muscle cells (option d) are not supported by current understanding of ECT's mechanism of action.

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79. Margaret, a 68-year-old widow experiencing a manic episode, is admitted to the psychiatric unit after being brought to the emergency department by her sister-in-law. Margaret yells, "My sister-in-law is just jealous of me! She's trying to make it look like I'm insane!" This behavior is an example of:

Explanation

Margaret's belief that her sister-in-law is jealous of her and trying to make her look insane is an example of a delusion of persecution. Delusions of persecution involve false beliefs that one is being targeted, harmed, or conspired against by others. In this case, Margaret's belief is not based on reality and is a symptom of her manic episode.

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80. A client with OCD says to the nurse, "I've been here 4 days now, and I'm feeling better. I feel comfortable on this unit, and I'm not ill-at-ease with the staff or other patients anymore." In light of this change, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Explanation

The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation is to set limits on the amount of time Sandy may engage in the ritualistic behavior. This intervention acknowledges the progress Sandy has made in feeling more comfortable and less ill-at-ease, while also addressing the need to gradually decrease and eventually eliminate the ritualistic behaviors. By setting limits, the nurse is providing structure and guidance to help Sandy continue her progress towards recovery from OCD.

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81. Janet has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder. Her physician has prescribed buspirone 15 mg daily. Janet says to the nurse, "Why do I have to take this every day? My friend's doctor ordered Xanax for her, and she only takes it when she is feeling anxious." Which of the following would be an appropriate response by the nurse?

Explanation

Buspirone is a medication that is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder. Unlike Xanax, which is a benzodiazepine that is typically taken on an as-needed basis for acute anxiety symptoms, buspirone is a medication that needs to be taken daily in order to be effective. It works by affecting certain chemicals in the brain that are involved in anxiety. Taking buspirone daily helps to maintain a consistent level of the medication in the body, which can help to reduce anxiety symptoms over time. Therefore, the nurse's response that buspirone must be taken daily in order to be effective is appropriate.

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82. Mrs. G has been diagnosed with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease. The cause of this disorder is which of the following?

Explanation

The cause of Mrs. G's NCD due to Alzheimer's disease is unknown. This means that the exact reason for the disorder is not currently understood. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. While research has identified certain risk factors, such as age and genetics, the specific cause of the disease remains uncertain.

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83. A nursing school graduate failing the NCLEX exam and a 15-year-old high school girl not being selected for the cheerleading squad are examples of which of the following?

Explanation

A nursing school graduate failing the NCLEX exam and a 15-year-old high school girl not being selected for the cheerleading squad are examples of focal stimuli. Focal stimuli refer to specific events or situations that have a significant impact on an individual's behavior or emotions. In both cases, the individuals experience a negative outcome that can influence their future actions and decisions. These events stand out and have a direct impact on the individuals involved, making them examples of focal stimuli.

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84. A nurse is assisting an individual with mental illness recovery using the Psychological Recovery Model. The client says to the nurse, "I have schizophrenia. Nothing can be done. I might as well die." In which stage of the Psychological Recovery Model would the nurse assess this individual to be?

Explanation

The client's statement, "I have schizophrenia. Nothing can be done. I might as well die," suggests a sense of hopelessness and resignation. This aligns with the moratorium stage of the Psychological Recovery Model. In this stage, individuals may feel overwhelmed by their illness and believe that there is no possibility for improvement or recovery. They may be stuck in a state of inaction and lack motivation to seek help or make changes. The nurse would assess the client to be in the moratorium stage based on their negative beliefs and lack of hope for the future.

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85. A nurse who is helping a client in the preparation stage of the Psychological Recovery Model might include which of the following interventions?

Explanation

In the preparation stage of the Psychological Recovery Model, the nurse focuses on providing education and information to the client about the effects of their illness and how to recognize, monitor, and manage symptoms. This is important as it helps the client develop a better understanding of their condition and empowers them to take an active role in their own recovery. By teaching about the effects of the illness and symptom management, the nurse is helping the client build knowledge and skills necessary for their recovery journey.

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86. An example of a treatable (reversible) form of neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is one that is caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

Electrolyte imbalances and folate deficiency are both examples of treatable forms of neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Electrolyte imbalances can disrupt normal brain function, leading to cognitive impairment, but can be corrected through proper management of electrolyte levels. Folate deficiency can also cause cognitive impairment, but can be reversed through folate supplementation or dietary changes. Multiple sclerosis and multiple small brain infarcts are not treatable or reversible causes of NCD, while HIV disease can be managed but not completely reversed.

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87. Mr. B, age 79, is admitted to the psychiatric unit for depression. He has lost weight and has become socially isolated. His wife died 5 years ago and he lives alone. A suicide assessment is conducted. Why is Mr. B at high risk for suicide?

Explanation

Mr. B is at high risk for suicide because he is a white man who has recently experienced a significant loss (his wife's death) and is living alone. These factors, along with his depression, increase his vulnerability to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The answer choice highlights the specific risk factors that apply to Mr. B's situation, making it the correct answer.

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88. The primary focus of family therapy for clients with schizophrenia and their families is:

Explanation

Family therapy for clients with schizophrenia and their families primarily focuses on promoting family interaction and increasing understanding of the illness. This approach recognizes the importance of involving the entire family in the treatment process and aims to improve communication, support, and empathy within the family unit. By increasing understanding of the illness, family members can better comprehend the challenges and symptoms experienced by the client, leading to improved coping strategies and a more supportive environment for the client's recovery.

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89. In group exercise, Mr. B, a 79-year-old man with major depression, becomes tired and short of breath very quickly. This is most likely due to:

Explanation

Mr. B, being a 79-year-old man, is likely experiencing age-related changes in his cardiovascular system. As people age, their cardiovascular system undergoes certain changes, such as decreased elasticity of blood vessels and reduced efficiency of the heart. These changes can lead to symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath during physical exertion. While a sedentary lifestyle, the effects of pathological depression, and medication side effects can also contribute to these symptoms, age-related changes in the cardiovascular system are the most likely explanation in this case.

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90. Why is it important for the nurse to check the temperature of the water before an elderly individual gets into the shower?

Explanation

Elderly individuals may have a higher pain threshold, which means they may not feel the water as hot as it actually is. This puts them at risk of burning themselves if the water temperature is too high. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to check the temperature of the water before the elderly individual gets into the shower to ensure their safety and prevent burns.

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91. Mr. B, age 79, is admitted to the psychiatric unit for depression. He has lost weight and has become socially isolated. His wife died 5 years ago and his son tells the nurse, "He did very well when Mom died. He didn't even cry." Which would be the priority nursing diagnosis for Mr. B?

Explanation

The priority nursing diagnosis for Mr. B would be "Complicated grieving." This is because Mr. B is exhibiting symptoms of depression, such as weight loss and social isolation, which could be indicative of unresolved grief. The statement from his son about Mr. B not crying when his wife died suggests that he may have suppressed his emotions, further indicating a complicated grieving process. Addressing this nursing diagnosis would be crucial in helping Mr. B cope with his loss and improve his overall well-being.

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92. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client on suicide precautions? (Select all that apply.) 

Explanation

The appropriate interventions for a client on suicide precautions include removing all sharp objects, belts, and other potentially dangerous articles from the client's environment to ensure their safety. Accompanying the client to off-unit activities helps to provide supervision and support. Obtaining a promise from the client that they will not do anything to harm themselves for the next 12 hours is important to assess their immediate risk. Putting all of the client's possessions in storage and explaining that they may have them back when they are off suicide precautions is not an appropriate intervention as it may increase their distress and feelings of isolation.

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93. John, a homeless person, has just come to live in the shelter. The shelter nurse is assigned to his care. Which of the following is a priority intervention on the part of the nurse?

Explanation

Conducting a behavioral and needs assessment on John is a priority intervention for the nurse because it will help the nurse understand John's current situation, his physical and mental health needs, and any potential behavioral issues. This assessment will provide crucial information that will guide the nurse in developing an appropriate plan of care for John and determining the necessary interventions and resources he may require. Referring John to a social worker or helping him apply for Social Security benefits may be important steps in the future, but conducting the assessment is the first priority to ensure a comprehensive understanding of John's needs.

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94. Mrs. W (a 78-year-old depressed widow) says to her home health nurse, "What's the use? I don't have anything to live for anymore." Which is the best response on the part of the nurse?

Explanation

The best response for the nurse is option d because it directly addresses the concern of Mrs. W's statement about not having anything to live for anymore. By asking if she has been thinking about harming herself, the nurse shows concern for her well-being and opens up the opportunity for further discussion and possible intervention if necessary. This response acknowledges the seriousness of Mrs. W's statement and allows for a deeper exploration of her feelings.

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95. Sam has a diagnosis of major depression. After an unsuccessful trial of antidepressant medication, Sam's physician has hospitalized Sam for a course of ECT treatments. Sam says to the nurse on admission, "I don't want to end up like McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest! I'm scared!" Sam's priority nursing diagnosis at this time would be:

Explanation

Sam's priority nursing diagnosis at this time would be anxiety related to deficient knowledge about ECT. This is because Sam expresses fear and concern about the treatment, indicating a lack of understanding about what to expect. By addressing Sam's anxiety and providing education about ECT, the nurse can help alleviate Sam's fears and increase their understanding of the treatment, ultimately promoting a more positive experience.

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96. Succinylcholine is administered to a client receiving ECT for what purpose?

Explanation

Succinylcholine is administered to a client receiving ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy) to relax their muscles. ECT involves the induction of a controlled seizure in order to treat severe depression, mania, or catatonia. The muscle relaxation caused by succinylcholine helps to prevent injury during the seizure and allows for a smoother procedure.

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97. Which of the following is a true statement about mental health recovery? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

Mental health recovery serves to provide empowerment to the client as it focuses on helping individuals regain control over their lives and make informed decisions about their mental health. It is a collaborative process as it involves a partnership between the individual and their healthcare providers, family, friends, and community to support their recovery journey. The statement a is false as mental health recovery can apply to a range of mental illnesses, not just severe and persistent ones. The statement c is false as mental health recovery is not solely based on the medical model but also takes into account social, psychological, and environmental factors.

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98. Mrs. G, who has NCD due to Alzheimer's disease, has trouble sleeping and wanders around at night. Which of the following nursing actions would be best to promote sleep in Mrs. G?

Explanation

Regular physical exercise during the day can help promote sleep in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Exercise helps to reduce restlessness and increase fatigue, making it easier for Mrs. G to fall asleep and stay asleep at night. Additionally, exercise can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle and improve overall sleep quality. Therefore, ensuring that Mrs. G gets regular physical exercise during the day would be the best nursing action to promote sleep in her.

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99. The night nurse finds Mrs. G, a client with Alzheimer's disease, wandering the hallway at 4 a.m. and trying to open the door to the side yard. Which statement by the nurse probably reflects the most accurate assessment of the situation?

Explanation

The correct answer is c. “This is the patio door, Mrs. G. Are you looking for the bathroom?” This statement reflects the most accurate assessment of the situation because it acknowledges Mrs. G's confusion and attempts to understand her needs. It also suggests a possible reason for her behavior, such as needing to use the bathroom. This response shows empathy and attempts to redirect Mrs. G in a way that addresses her immediate concerns.

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100. Which of the following best describes the average number of ECT treatments given and the timing of administration?

Explanation

The best description for the average number of ECT treatments given and the timing of administration is option b. One treatment every other day for a total of 6 to 12 treatments. This means that the patient will receive ECT treatments every other day, with a total of 6 to 12 treatments in total. This schedule allows for regular treatment over a period of time, providing the necessary therapy while allowing for recovery between sessions.

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101. Clint, a client on the psychiatric unit, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He begins to tell the nurse about how the CIA is looking for him and will kill him if they find him. The most appropriate response by the nurse is:

Explanation

The most appropriate response by the nurse is option d because it acknowledges Clint's belief without dismissing or invalidating it. It shows empathy and understanding towards Clint's perspective while also expressing the nurse's own difficulty in accepting the belief. This response maintains a therapeutic and non-confrontational approach, which is important when working with individuals with schizophrenia.

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102.    Three predominant client populations have been identified as benefiting most from psychiatric home health care. Which of the following is not included among this group?

Explanation

The question asks which group is not included among the three client populations that benefit most from psychiatric home health care. The three populations mentioned are elderly individuals, individuals with severe and persistent mental illness, and individuals in acute crisis situations. The correct answer, option b, states that individuals living in poverty are not included in this group. This suggests that individuals living in poverty are not considered to be one of the three client populations that benefit most from psychiatric home health care.

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103. Although historically lithium has been the medication of choice for mania, several others have been used with good results. Which of the following are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

Olanzepine, Carbamazepine, and Lamotrigine are all used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Olanzepine is an atypical antipsychotic that helps to stabilize mood and reduce mania symptoms. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant that can help control mood swings and prevent future episodes. Lamotrigine is also an anticonvulsant that is effective in treating bipolar depression and preventing future episodes. Paroxetine is an antidepressant commonly used to treat depression but is not typically used for bipolar disorder. Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat depression but is not commonly used for bipolar disorder.

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104. A nurse is educating a client about his lithium therapy. She is explaining signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. Which of the following would she instruct the client to be on the alert for?

Explanation

The nurse would instruct the client to be on the alert for tinnitus, severe diarrhea, and ataxia as signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. Tinnitus refers to ringing in the ears, severe diarrhea is excessive and watery bowel movements, and ataxia is the loss of muscle coordination. These symptoms indicate that the client may be experiencing toxicity from the lithium therapy and should seek medical attention. Fever, sore throat, malaise (a general feeling of discomfort), occipital headache (headache at the back of the head), palpitations (rapid or irregular heartbeats), chest pain, skin rash, marked rise in blood pressure, and bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate) are not specific symptoms of lithium toxicity.

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105. Atropine sulfate is administered to a client receiving ECT for what purpose?

Explanation

Atropine sulfate is administered to a client receiving ECT in order to decrease secretions. ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) can cause excessive salivation and bronchial secretions, and atropine sulfate is a medication that helps to reduce these secretions. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates secretions. By decreasing secretions, atropine sulfate can help to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia during ECT.

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106. The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. Orders from the physician include 100 mg chlorpromazine IM STAT and then 50 mg PO bid; 2 mg benztropine PO bid prn. Why is chlorpromazine ordered?

Explanation

Chlorpromazine is ordered to decrease psychotic symptoms in the client with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behavior. Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic medication that works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce the symptoms of psychosis. It is commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

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107. In addition to disturbances in cognition and orientation, individuals with Alzheimer's disease may also show changes in which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 

Explanation

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease may also show changes in personality, speech, and mobility. Personality changes can include shifts in behavior, mood, and temperament. Speech changes may manifest as difficulty finding words, forming sentences, or understanding language. Mobility changes can include difficulties with balance, coordination, and walking. Vision and hearing changes are not typically associated with Alzheimer's disease, although individuals with the disease may experience sensory impairments due to other causes.

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108. Mr. Stone is a client in the hospital with a diagnosis of vascular NCD. In explaining this disorder to Mr. Stone's family, which of the following statements by the nurse is correct?

Explanation

Vascular NCD, also known as vascular dementia, is a type of dementia that is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. It is characterized by a step-wise progression, meaning that the symptoms may worsen gradually over time, but there may also be periods where the person seems to be functioning relatively well. This is because the progression of the disease is not continuous, but rather occurs in a series of steps. Therefore, option b is the correct statement as it accurately describes the characteristic pattern of progression seen in vascular NCD.

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109. Ann is a psychiatric home health nurse. She has just received an order to begin regular visits to Mrs. W, a 78-year-old widow who lives alone. Mrs. W's primary-care physician has diagnosed her as depressed. Which of the following criteria would qualify Mrs. W for home health visits?

Explanation

Mrs. W's primary-care physician has diagnosed her as depressed, indicating that she may require regular visits from a psychiatric home health nurse. Option b states that Mrs. W is physically too weak to travel without risk of injury, which suggests that she may have physical limitations that make it difficult for her to leave her home. This aligns with the need for a home health nurse to provide care and support to Mrs. W in her own environment. The other options do not directly address Mrs. W's physical limitations or her need for home health visits.

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110. Annie has trichotillomania. She is receiving treatment at the mental health clinic with habit-reversal therapy. Which of the following elements would be included in this therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

Habit-reversal therapy is a treatment commonly used for trichotillomania, which is a hair-pulling disorder. It aims to increase awareness of the hair-pulling behavior and replace it with a competing response. Awareness training helps the individual become more conscious of their hair-pulling habits. Competing response training involves teaching the individual to engage in a behavior that is incompatible with hair-pulling whenever they feel the urge to do so. Social support is also an important element in this therapy as it provides encouragement and understanding from others who may be going through similar experiences. Hypnotherapy and aversive therapy are not typically included in habit-reversal therapy for trichotillomania.

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111. Which of the following medications have been indicated for improvement in cognitive functioning in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon), and Galantamine (Razadyne) have all been indicated for improvement in cognitive functioning in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. These medications are cholinesterase inhibitors, which work by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in learning and memory. By increasing its levels, these medications can help to improve cognitive functioning in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Risperidone (Risperdal) and Sertraline (Zoloft) are not indicated for this purpose and do not have the same mechanism of action.

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112. The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. Orders from the physician include 100 mg chlorpromazine IM STAT and then 50 mg PO bid; 2 mg benztropine PO bid prn. Because benztropine was ordered on a prn basis, which of the following assessments by the nurse would convey a need for this medication?

Explanation

The client developing tremors and a shuffling gait indicates the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), which are common side effects of antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication that helps to alleviate EPS. Therefore, the nurse should administer benztropine as ordered when the client develops these symptoms. The other options do not specifically indicate a need for benztropine.

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113. In teaching a client about his antidepressant medication, fluoxetine, which of the following would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

The nurse would include the information that the client should keep taking the medication, even if they don't feel it is helping, as it sometimes takes a while to take effect. This helps to emphasize the importance of continued adherence to the medication regimen. Additionally, the nurse would inform the client not to take the medication with migraine drugs "triptans" as there may be potential drug interactions between the two medications.

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114. A client has just been admitted to the psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Which of the following behavioral manifestations might the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)

Explanation

The nurse can expect to assess a client with major depressive disorder to have a slumped posture, delusional thinking, feelings of despair, and anorexia. Slumped posture is a common manifestation of depression, as individuals often experience a lack of energy and motivation. Delusional thinking can also occur in severe cases of depression, where the client may have distorted beliefs or thoughts. Feelings of despair are a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder, as individuals often feel hopeless and have a negative outlook on life. Anorexia, or a loss of appetite, is another common manifestation of depression, as individuals may lose interest in food and experience weight loss.

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115. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate in helping a client with Alzheimer's disease with her ADLs? (Select all that apply.) 

Explanation

The most appropriate interventions for helping a client with Alzheimer's disease with her ADLs are to assist her with step-by-step instructions and to encourage her and give her plenty of time to perform as many of her ADLs as possible independently. Assisting her with step-by-step instructions can help her understand and remember the tasks involved in her ADLs. Encouraging her and giving her time allows her to maintain her independence and promotes her sense of autonomy, which can be beneficial for her overall well-being.

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116. The most appropriate nursing intervention with Jenny (from question 5) would be to: 

Explanation

The most appropriate nursing intervention with Jenny would be to make arrangements for her to start attending Alateen meetings. Alateen meetings are specifically designed to provide support and guidance to teenagers who have been affected by someone else's alcoholism. By attending these meetings, Jenny will have the opportunity to connect with others who are going through similar experiences, share her feelings, and learn coping strategies. This intervention can help Jenny feel supported and understood, and provide her with the tools she needs to navigate her situation more effectively.

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117. John, a homeless person, has a history of schizophrenia and nonadherence to his medication regimen. Which of the following medications might be the best choice for John?

Explanation

Prolixin decanoate might be the best choice for John because it is an antipsychotic medication that can be administered as a long-acting injection. This would be beneficial for John as a homeless person with a history of nonadherence to his medication regimen. The long-acting injection would ensure that he receives consistent medication without the need for daily adherence. Additionally, Prolixin decanoate is commonly used to treat schizophrenia, which is a condition that John has a history of.

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118. Stanley, age 72, is admitted to the hospital for depression. His son reports that he has periods of confusion and forgetfulness. In her admission assessment, the nurse notices an open sore on Stanley's arm. When she questions him about it, he says, "I scraped it on the fence 2 weeks ago. It's smaller than it was." How might the nurse analyze these data?

Explanation

The nurse might analyze these data by considering that a diminished inflammatory response in the elderly increases healing time. This is supported by Stanley's age of 72 and his reported periods of confusion and forgetfulness, which may indicate age-related changes. The open sore on his arm that is smaller than before suggests that there is healing occurring, but at a slower rate due to the diminished inflammatory response commonly seen in the elderly. This explanation takes into account Stanley's age, symptoms, and the observed data of the open sore.

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