MS. Terri's Bology For 10th Grade

The Ribosome is often referred to as the factories of the cell because they are responsible for protein synthesis. They function as machines that read the genetic information in mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. This process is essential for the functioning and survival of the cell.

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, where solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is essential for plants to produce their own food and is the primary source of energy for all living organisms on Earth. Therefore, the term "solar power" accurately describes the role of chloroplasts in harnessing sunlight to fuel the life processes of plants.

Active transport is the energy-requiring process that moves molecules and ions across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. Unlike passive transport, which relies on the concentration gradient, active transport uses energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient. This process is essential for maintaining proper ion concentrations and nutrient uptake in cells.

Organisms whose cells lack nuclei are called prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are a type of single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, and they are characterized by their simplicity and small size compared to eukaryotic cells. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes lack many membrane-bound organelles and have a simpler internal structure. This distinction in cell structure is important in understanding the classification and characteristics of different organisms.

Plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms are called eukaryotes because they have cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes are characterized by their complex cellular structure and are distinct from prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus and organelles. This classification is based on the presence of a true nucleus and other shared characteristics among these organisms.

The chloroplast is the correct answer because it is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a form of energy-rich food. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight, and other enzymes necessary for photosynthesis to occur. Therefore, the chloroplast uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food.

Ribosomes are small particles made up of RNA and protein that are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. They are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes receive instructions from the nucleus in the form of mRNA and use these instructions to assemble amino acids into proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosome.

The mitochondrion is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. It converts the energy from food molecules into high-energy compounds that can be used by the cell for various functions. This process occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, where enzymes and proteins are involved in the production of ATP. Therefore, the mitochondrion is the correct answer as it uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds.

Lysosomes are organelles filled with enzymes that aid in breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be utilized by the cell. These enzymes are capable of breaking down various macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion and recycling of cellular waste materials, as well as the destruction of foreign substances that may enter the cell. Therefore, the given statement accurately describes the function of lysosomes.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an internal membrane system in which components of the cell membrane and some proteins are constructed. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins, as well as lipid metabolism. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the production of membrane phospholipids and proteins that are essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the cell membrane. Additionally, it provides a platform for the attachment of ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer in this context.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It consists of a stack of membranes called cisternae, where enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins, a process known as glycosylation and lipidation. This modification is crucial for the proper functioning and targeting of proteins within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus is the correct answer for this question.