Beta-lactamases
Cell membrane synthesis
N-acetylmuramic acid synthesis
Peptidoglycan cross-linking
Transglycosylation
A single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone
Amoxicillin orally for 7 d
Procaine penicillin G intramuscularly as a single dose plus oral probenecid
Meropenem orally for 7 d
Vancomycin intramuscularly as a single dose
Administer a single oral dose of fosfomycin
Give no other antibiotics because drug treatment of gonorrhea provides coverage for incubating syphilis
Inject intramuscular benzathine penicillin G
Treat with oral tetracycline for 7 d
Treat with vancomycin
Cephalexin and other first-generation cephalosporins do not cross the blood-brain barrier
Ceftriaxone and nafcillin are both eliminated mainly via biliary secretion
Instability of penicillins in gastric acid can limit their oral absorption
Renal tubular reabsorption of amoxicillin is inhibited by probenecid
Ticarcillin has activity against several gram-negative rods
Aztreonam
Ceftriaxone
Meropenem
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid
Amoxicillin
Cephalexin
Ceftriaxone plus vancomycin
Nafcillin
Piperacillin
Alterations in porin structure
Beta-lactamase production
Changes in chemical structure of target penicillin-binding proteins
Changes in the d-Ala-d-Ala building block of peptidoglycan precursor
Decreased intracellular accumulation of penicillin G
Ampicillin
Cefoxitin
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Aztreonam
Ceftriaxone
Ticarcillin
Vancomycin
Active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci
Bacteriostatic
Binds to PBPs
Hepatic metabolism
Oral bioavailability