Pharmacology Sulfa And Tmp
Sulfas
TMP
antibiotics actiing on Folic acid synthesis and DNA synthesis
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following are true about sulfadiazine?
- A.
Most potent Sulfa drug
- B.
Commonly used in combination with TMP
- C.
Used parentally only
- D.
Penetrates Blood brain barrier
- E.
Crystalluria common side effects
Correct Answer(s)
A. Most potent Sulfa drug
C. Used parentally only
D. Penetrates Blood brain barrier
E. Crystalluria common side effectsExplanation
Sulfadiazine is considered the most potent sulfa drug, meaning it is highly effective in treating bacterial infections. It is commonly used in combination with trimethoprim (TMP) to enhance its antimicrobial activity. Sulfadiazine is administered parentally, meaning it is given through injection or infusion rather than taken orally. It is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to treat infections in the central nervous system. However, a common side effect of sulfadiazine is crystalluria, which is the formation of crystals in the urine.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is true regarding the action of sulfonamides?
- A.
Increased PABA concentrations decrease their effectiveness
- B.
Inhibit the dihydrofolate enzyme
- C.
Work synergistically with TMP
- D.
Prevents the formation of folic acid
- E.
Bacteriocidal
Correct Answer(s)
A. Increased PABA concentrations decrease their effectiveness
C. Work synergistically with TMP
D. Prevents the formation of folic acidExplanation
they are bacteriostatic and inhibit the dihydropteroic acid enzyme (TMP inhibits dihydrofolate)Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which organisms are affected by sulfonamides?
- A.
Gram negative rods
- B.
Streptococcus
- C.
Staphylococcus
- D.
E Coli.
- E.
Chlamydiae
Correct Answer(s)
A. Gram negative rods
D. E Coli.
E. ChlamydiaeExplanation
Sulfonamides affect gram negative rods, E. coli, and Chlamydiae. Sulfonamides are a type of antibiotic that work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Gram negative rods are a group of bacteria that have a specific cell wall structure and include bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Chlamydiae. Therefore, these organisms are susceptible to the effects of sulfonamides. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are not mentioned as being affected by sulfonamides in the given options.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is true about sulfadiazine?
- A.
Excreted by the kidney
- B.
Acetylated in the liver (loss of antimicrobial effect but not toxicity)
- C.
Most Commonly used orally
- D.
Very short halflife
- E.
Binds to serum albumin
Correct Answer(s)
A. Excreted by the kidney
B. Acetylated in the liver (loss of antimicrobial effect but not toxicity)
E. Binds to serum albuminExplanation
Sulfadiazine is excreted by the kidney, meaning that it is eliminated from the body through urine. It is also acetylated in the liver, which results in a loss of its antimicrobial effect but not its toxicity. Additionally, sulfadiazine binds to serum albumin, a protein found in the blood. However, there is no information provided in the question about sulfadiazine being the most commonly used orally or having a very short half-life.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the two most commonly used sulfonamides?
- A.
Sulfadiazene
- B.
Sulfamethoxazole
- C.
Sulfathalidine
- D.
Sulfasoxazole
- E.
Sulfacetamide
Correct Answer(s)
B. Sulfamethoxazole
D. SulfasoxazoleExplanation
Sulfamethoxazole and Sulfasoxazole are the two most commonly used sulfonamides. These drugs belong to a class of antibiotics known as sulfonamides, which are used to treat bacterial infections. Sulfamethoxazole is often combined with trimethoprim to create a potent antibiotic known as co-trimoxazole, which is used to treat a variety of infections. Sulfasoxazole is also used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by gram-negative bacteria. Both sulfamethoxazole and sulfasoxazole are widely prescribed due to their effectiveness in treating various types of infections.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is true regarding sulfonamide kinetics?
- A.
Most are given IV
- B.
Excreted by the kidney primarily
- C.
Acetylated in the liver
- D.
Half-life about 6 hours
- E.
Some are used topically and opthallamically
Correct Answer(s)
B. Excreted by the kidney primarily
C. Acetylated in the liver
E. Some are used topically and opthallamicallyExplanation
Sulfonamides are primarily excreted by the kidney, meaning that they are eliminated from the body mainly through urine. They are also acetylated in the liver, which refers to a metabolic process where the drug is transformed into an inactive form. Additionally, some sulfonamides can be used topically and ophthalmically, indicating that they can be applied directly to the skin or eyes for localized treatment. The statement about most sulfonamides being given intravenously or having a half-life of 6 hours is not mentioned in the question and therefore cannot be confirmed.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which adverse effects are associated with Sulfa drugs?
- A.
Crystalluria
- B.
Leukopenia and agranulocytosis
- C.
Cross allergy with furosemide
- D.
Ototoxicity
- E.
Hemolytic anemia (favism)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Crystalluria
B. Leukopenia and agranulocytosis
C. Cross allergy with furosemideExplanation
Sulfa drugs are known to have several adverse effects. Crystalluria refers to the formation of crystals in the urine, which can lead to kidney damage. Leukopenia and agranulocytosis are conditions characterized by a decrease in white blood cell count, which can weaken the immune system. Cross allergy with furosemide means that individuals who are allergic to sulfa drugs may also have an allergic reaction to furosemide, a diuretic medication. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss or balance problems. Hemolytic anemia, specifically favism, is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed, often triggered by certain foods or medications.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Long acting sulfonamides are associated with ______
- A.
Steven's Johnson's syndrome
- B.
Inflammation of the airway
- C.
Increased patient tolerance
- D.
Increased used with TMP
Correct Answer(s)
A. Steven's Johnson's syndrome
B. Inflammation of the airwayExplanation
Long acting sulfonamides are associated with Steven's Johnson's syndrome and inflammation of the airway. Steven's Johnson's syndrome is a severe and potentially life-threatening skin condition characterized by a rash, blisters, and skin peeling. Inflammation of the airway refers to irritation and swelling of the respiratory tract, which can cause difficulty in breathing. These adverse effects are known to be associated with long-acting sulfonamides and can occur as a result of an allergic reaction to the medication. Increased patient tolerance and increased use with TMP are not associated with long-acting sulfonamides.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the Following are true statements about Mafenide and Silver sulfadiazene?
- A.
They are both used topically for burns
- B.
Mafenide is painless
- C.
They are both absorbed systemically after topical application
- D.
The Silver adds the the antimicrobial effect
Correct Answer(s)
A. They are both used topically for burns
D. The Silver adds the the antimicrobial effectExplanation
Mafenide and Silver sulfadiazene are both used topically for burns. This means that they are applied directly to the skin surface to treat burn injuries. Additionally, the presence of silver in Silver sulfadiazene contributes to its antimicrobial effect. Silver has been known for its antimicrobial properties and is often used in wound care to prevent infection. Therefore, both statements are true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following drugs is used in eye infections because of its high aqueous solubility, and non-irritating nature?
- A.
Sulfamethoxazole
- B.
Sulfazoxazole
- C.
Sulfacetamide
- D.
Salacylazosulfapyridine
- E.
Sulfadiazine
Correct Answer
C. SulfacetamideExplanation
Sulfacetamide is used in eye infections due to its high aqueous solubility and non-irritating nature. Its high solubility allows it to dissolve easily in the eye, ensuring effective treatment. Additionally, its non-irritating nature minimizes discomfort or adverse reactions when applied to the eye.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which drug is notably useful in inflammatory bowel disease?
- A.
Sulfasalazine
- B.
Sulfacetamide
- C.
Sulfadiazene
- D.
Salacylazosulfapyridine
- E.
Sulfasoxazole
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sulfasalazine
D. SalacylazosulfapyridineExplanation
Sulfasalazine and salacylazosulfapyridine are both drugs that are notably useful in inflammatory bowel disease. These drugs belong to a class called aminosalicylates, which have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. They work by reducing inflammation in the intestines and helping to control the immune response. Sulfacetamide, sulfadiazene, and sulfasoxazole are not typically used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following about Sulfasalazine (salacylazosulfapyridine)
- A.
Effect is caused in bloodstream
- B.
Most of the effect is due to the sulfa drug
- C.
Greatly absorbed from GI tract
- D.
Not used in inflamed bowel disease
- E.
NSAID causes non-inflammatory effect
Correct Answer
E. NSAID causes non-inflammatory effectExplanation
The correct answer is "NSAID causes non-inflammatory effect." Sulfasalazine is not an NSAID, but rather a medication that is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. It works by reducing inflammation in the intestines. Therefore, the statement that the NSAID causes a non-inflammatory effect is accurate.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following are contraindicated in patients on sulfonamides?
- A.
Oral anticoagulants
- B.
Parenteral anticoagulants
- C.
Oral hypoglycemics
- D.
Parenteral hypoglycemics
- E.
Albumin
Correct Answer(s)
A. Oral anticoagulants
C. Oral hypoglycemicsExplanation
Sulfonamides can potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulants, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Additionally, sulfonamides can increase the hypoglycemic effects of oral hypoglycemics, which can result in dangerously low blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is contraindicated to use oral anticoagulants and oral hypoglycemics in patients on sulfonamides.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is true about TMP?
- A.
Penetrates the CNS
- B.
Halflife is about 6 hours
- C.
Used with sulfadiazine in combination often
- D.
Resistant organisms lack dihydrofolate reductase
Correct Answer(s)
A. Penetrates the CNS
D. Resistant organisms lack dihydrofolate reductaseExplanation
TMP (trimethoprim) is a medication that is known to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), which means it can reach and act on infections in the brain and spinal cord. It has a relatively short half-life of about 6 hours, meaning it is quickly metabolized and eliminated from the body. TMP is often used in combination with sulfadiazine to treat various infections, particularly those caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Resistant organisms lack dihydrofolate reductase, which is the target enzyme of TMP, making them unable to be affected by the drug.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Why is TMP selective for bacteria?
- A.
Human dyhidrofolate enzyme is much less sensitive to TMP inhibition
- B.
Humans do not metabolize PABA
- C.
Sulfa drugs cause TMP to work on bacteria alone
- D.
Dihydropteroate synthase enzyme is selective for TMP
Correct Answer
A. Human dyhidrofolate enzyme is much less sensitive to TMP inhibitionExplanation
The correct answer is that the human dihydrofolate enzyme is much less sensitive to TMP inhibition. This means that TMP is able to effectively inhibit the dihydrofolate enzyme in bacteria, but not in humans. This selectivity allows TMP to specifically target and inhibit bacterial growth without affecting human cells.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What are the side effects of TMP?
- A.
Contraindicated in pregnancy
- B.
Leukopenia due to decreased folic acid
- C.
Liver damage
- D.
Renal damage
- E.
Ototoxicity
Correct Answer(s)
A. Contraindicated in pregnancy
B. Leukopenia due to decreased folic acid
D. Renal damageExplanation
TMP (trimethoprim) is a medication commonly used to treat bacterial infections. It is important to note that TMP is contraindicated in pregnancy, meaning it should not be used during pregnancy as it may harm the developing fetus. Additionally, TMP can cause leukopenia, a decrease in the number of white blood cells, due to decreased folic acid levels. This can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections. Lastly, TMP can also cause renal damage, affecting the kidneys and potentially leading to kidney dysfunction.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Typically Adverse effects of Bactrim are more effective in which population?
- A.
Anemic children
- B.
Immunocompromised patients
- C.
AIDS patients
- D.
Elderly
- E.
Infants
Correct Answer
C. AIDS patientsExplanation
AIDS patients are more likely to experience adverse effects of Bactrim compared to other populations. This is because AIDS patients have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections and complications. Bactrim, which is an antibiotic, may cause adverse reactions such as allergic reactions, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Due to their compromised immune systems, AIDS patients may have a heightened sensitivity to the medication, leading to a higher likelihood of experiencing adverse effects.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is NOT treated by Sulfamethoxazole/TMP combination?
- A.
HAemophilus
- B.
UTIs
- C.
Klebsiella Pneumo
- D.
Pneumocystis jurivicii
- E.
Mycoplasma
Correct Answer
E. MycoplasmaExplanation
Sulfamethoxazole/TMP combination is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), Haemophilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. However, it is not effective against Mycoplasma infections. Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall, making it resistant to antibiotics that target the cell wall. Therefore, Sulfamethoxazole/TMP combination is not an appropriate treatment for Mycoplasma infections.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 31, 2010Quiz Created by
Jwells488
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