Antibiotics Drug Quiz Questions

It is not recommended to take doxy with calcium, iron, antacids, and multivitamins because they can decrease the effectiveness of the medication. These substances can bind to doxy in the stomach and prevent its absorption into the bloodstream. It is best to take doxy on an empty stomach, at least 1-2 hours before or after consuming these products.

Amoxicillin is renally excreted and also may decrease the efficacy of OCP.

Other side effects of vancomycin include hypotension, fever, nephrotoxicity and thrombophlebitis.

In addition to cephalosporins, penicillins and vancomycin also inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Other common side effects include hypersensitivity reaction and candidiasis.
Instruct patients to take with food or milk to decrease GI effects.

In addition to tetracyclines, macrolides, and clindamycin also inhibit protein synthesis.

Nitrofurantoin may also cause rash and pneumonitis. Additionally, It should not be used in patients with significant renal dysfunction.

In addition to quinolines (DNA gyrase), sulfonamides/trimethoprim (folate synthesis) and rifampin (RNA polymerase).

Metronidazole is the correct answer because it is known to cause a metallic taste in the mouth, which can be unpleasant. Additionally, metronidazole should not be taken with alcohol as it can cause a severe reaction known as the "disulfiram reaction," which includes symptoms such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, and increased heart rate. Therefore, it is important to avoid alcohol consumption while taking metronidazole to prevent these adverse effects.

Amoxicillin is also effective against AOM, streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis (treponema pallidum), and Lyme disease (b. burgdorferi).

Ceftriaxone is also effective against lower respiratory tract infections, pyelonephritis, Lyme disease, PID, and skin infections.
It covers gram + and has strong gram - coverage.

Metronidazole is also effective for PID, amebiasis (giardiasis), trichomoniasis, C. diff, H. pylori, diverticulitis/appendicitis (mixed gram + and - anaerobes in the gut)

Doxycycline is classified as pregnancy category D. This means that there is evidence of risk to the fetus based on human data, but the potential benefits of using the medication during pregnancy may outweigh the risks in certain situations. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking doxycycline during pregnancy to weigh the potential risks and benefits.

especially when treating pneumocystis infections

Clindamycin may also cause thrombocytopenia.
More commonly Clindamycin causes N/V/D and rash.

Uncomplicated UTIs are best treated and prevented with nitrofurantoin. It treats E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Doxycycline is also used for acne vulgaris (P. acnes), syphilis (T. pallidum), urethritis, PID, epididymitis, atypical CAP, bacterial bronchitis, Lyme disease (B. burgdorferi), Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
*other organisms include H. pylori, Chlamydia

treat with amoxicillin/clavulanate

The most likely pathogen is pasteurella.
Amoxicillin/clavulanate is also best for treating AOM, resistant sinus infections, diabetic ulcers, aspiration pneumonia, and animal and human bites.

Clindamycin is also indicated for AOM, erysipelas, mastoiditis, skin and soft tissue infections, topical use for acne, and malaria (plasmodium)
*strep and staph infections

Thrombocytopenia and pseudomembranous colitis are also serious side effects of amoxicillin.

Ciprofloxacin may also cause insomnia in younger patients, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, and prolonged QT interval

Ceftriaxone is a medication commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Neonates, or newborn babies, have immature liver and kidney function, which can affect the metabolism and excretion of drugs. Therefore, caution is advised when using ceftriaxone in neonates to avoid potential adverse effects or complications.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also effective against UTI, traveler's diarrhea (E. coli, klebsiella, legionella), pneumocystis pneumonia (P. jirovecii)
*other organisms: H. flu, S. pneumoniae

Cephalexin is also used for surgical prophylaxis, staphylococcal endocarditis, and skin infections (ex: impetigo).

In addition to most enteric GNRs (E.coli, proteus, klebsiella), ciprofloxacin is also effective against H. flu, pseudomonas, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and legionella and can be used to treat UTI, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, anthrax, CAP, chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and epididymitis.

When treating with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, it is important to exercise caution if the patient is also taking coumadin. This is because trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole can increase the effects of coumadin, which is a blood thinner. Therefore, close monitoring of the patient's blood clotting time is necessary to prevent excessive bleeding.

Ceftriaxone is the correct answer because it has a serious side effect of pseudomembranous colitis, which is an inflammation of the colon caused by the bacteria Clostridium difficile (C. diff). This antibiotic is strongly associated with C. diff diarrhea, making it the most likely choice in this scenario. Vancomycin is also used to treat C. diff infections, but it does not have the same strong association as ceftriaxone. Azithromycin and metronidazole are not typically associated with pseudomembranous colitis or C. diff diarrhea.

The likely condition is scarlet fever.
Azithromycin is also used to treat walking pneumonia (M. pnumoniae), other CAPs (Chlamydia pnumoniae and Legionella pneumophilia), COPD exacerbations, bacterial bronchitis, pharyngitis (strep), sinusitis, AOM, pertussis (b. pertussis), PID, PUD
Azithromycin is also effective against M. catarrhalis, M. avium, Chlamydia, H. pylori and H. flu

Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He observed that the mold Penicillium notatum produced a substance that killed a wide range of bacteria.

more serious side effects include neutropenia and pseudomembranous colitis.

This condition is known as erysipelas, a type of cellulitis.
Vancomycin is also effective for hospitalized patients being treated for MRSA pneumonia and bacteremia and C. diff associated diarrhea.

 Antibiotics are designed to target bacterial infections and are ineffective against viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza. Antiviral medications are required to treat viral infections.

Doxycycline is a commonly used antibiotic that can have several side effects. Headache and nausea are common side effects that may occur during treatment. Phototoxicity is another potential side effect, where the skin becomes more sensitive to sunlight and can lead to sunburn or rash. C. diff diarrhea is a severe side effect that can occur when the normal balance of bacteria in the gut is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria. Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage that can occur with the use of doxycycline.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic commonly used to treat various infections. One serious side effect associated with its use is dose-related, reversible peripheral neuropathy. This means that the risk of developing nerve damage increases with higher doses of the medication. However, the good news is that this side effect is reversible, meaning that it can be resolved once the medication is discontinued or the dose is adjusted. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely when prescribing metronidazole to minimize the risk of this potential side effect.