Arts And Science College, Pulgaon Dist-wardha Affiliated To R.T.M.N.U Nagpur. "Microbio-quiz On Immunity"

Explanation
T and B cells are produced in the bone marrow, not in the heart or spleen. However, the thymus is also involved in the production and maturation of T cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Thymus.

Explanation
Phagocytes and lymphocytes are the two types of white blood cells. Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens, while lymphocytes are involved in the immune response and produce antibodies to fight against infections. These two types of white blood cells work together to protect the body from harmful pathogens and maintain a healthy immune system.

Explanation
The immune system's role is to protect the body from pathogens, which are disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It does this by recognizing and attacking these foreign invaders, helping to prevent infections and keep the body healthy.

Explanation
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical and chemical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, which prevent pathogens from entering the body. Phagocytosis is another component of the innate immune system, where specialized cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is "Barrier and Phagocytosis".

Explanation
B cells are responsible for making antibodies. B cells are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. When they encounter antigens, they differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. This process is essential for the body's defense against pathogens and foreign substances. Killer T cells, helper T cells, and macrophages have different roles in the immune response but are not directly responsible for producing antibodies.

Explanation
An antibody is a protein produced by a B cell of the immune system that specifically targets and destroys pathogens. When a pathogen enters the body, B cells recognize it and produce antibodies that bind to the pathogen's surface, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response by neutralizing pathogens and preventing them from causing harm to the body.

Explanation
Lysozyme is an enzyme present in saliva and tears that has antibacterial properties. It works by breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria, leading to their destruction. This enzyme is effective against a range of bacteria, including those that cause infections in the mouth and eyes. Therefore, lysozyme plays an important role in the defense against bacterial infections in these areas of the body.

Explanation
A plasma cell is a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response by producing and secreting immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies. These antibodies are proteins that specifically recognize and bind to foreign substances, such as pathogens or toxins, in order to neutralize and eliminate them from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is Immunoglobulin.

Explanation
Cell mediated immunity is carried out by T cells while humoral immunity is mainly carried out by B cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that directly attack infected cells and coordinate the immune response. They recognize specific antigens on the surface of infected cells and destroy them. B cells, on the other hand, are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and neutralize antigens in body fluids. This division of labor allows for a coordinated immune response, with T cells targeting infected cells directly and B cells producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens in the bloodstream.

Explanation
A vaccine is a substance that is injected into the body to stimulate the immune system and provide immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. It contains weakened or killed forms of the pathogen or similar but less dangerous pathogens. This exposure to the pathogen triggers the immune system to produce a specific immune response, including the production of memory cells that remember the pathogen and provide long-term immunity. Fever is not the correct answer as it is a symptom of an immune response, not the process of injecting a weakened pathogen. Specific immunity and memory cells are related to the immune response but do not directly refer to the process of vaccination.