Practical Research 1 - Reviewer For Summative Assessment #1

Engaging in research can sharpen problem-solving skills because it requires critical thinking, analysis, and the ability to find innovative solutions to complex problems. Research involves gathering and evaluating information, identifying patterns and trends, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. These skills are transferable and can be applied in various aspects of life, such as work, personal relationships, and decision-making. Research also encourages curiosity, intellectual growth, and the development of a deeper understanding of a subject matter. Overall, participating in research can enhance problem-solving abilities and contribute to personal and professional growth.

Quantitative research is a type of educational research where the researcher analyzes numbers using statistics and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner. This type of research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends. It involves using structured methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis to gather and interpret data. This approach allows researchers to generalize findings and make objective conclusions based on the data collected.

Inquiry refers to the process of looking for information by asking various questions about a specific topic or subject that one is curious about. It involves actively seeking out knowledge and understanding by investigating and exploring the subject matter. Through inquiry, individuals can discover truths and gain insights by actively engaging in the process of questioning and searching for answers.

Ethnography is the type of qualitative research that occurs when a researcher observes a certain group of people. Ethnography involves immersing oneself in the culture and context of the group being studied in order to understand their behaviors, beliefs, and experiences. This method allows the researcher to gain a deep understanding of the group's social interactions, values, and norms through participant observation and interviews. By observing and interacting with the group over an extended period of time, the researcher can generate rich and detailed insights into their lives and experiences.

The explanation for the given answer is that qualitative research focuses on obtaining a holistic understanding of complex phenomena, seeking to describe, explain, and predict. On the other hand, quantitative research aims to break down complex phenomena into specific parts for analysis, exploring, discovering, and constructing knowledge. This fundamental difference in approach sets them apart from each other.

In selecting a research problem, one important factor to consider is the researcher's area of interest. This is because a researcher is more likely to be motivated and dedicated to a problem that aligns with their own interests and expertise. When a researcher is passionate about a particular area, they are more likely to invest time and effort into conducting thorough research and producing meaningful results. Therefore, considering the researcher's area of interest is crucial in selecting a research problem.

The question is asking for the factor that defines the time frame of doing research. Out of the options given, "When" is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the time aspect of conducting research. The "What" refers to the subject or topic of the research, "Who" pertains to the individuals involved in the research, and "Why" relates to the purpose or motivation behind the research. Therefore, "When" is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the time frame aspect of research.

Research is used to gather information and analyze data in order to make informed decisions. By conducting research, you can identify potential solutions and determine which one is most likely to be successful in addressing your specific issue. Research helps to provide evidence and support for your chosen course of action, increasing the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes.

The most reliable and appropriate way to gather information for research is by going to a library and reading about the chosen topic. Libraries provide access to a wide range of books, journals, and other credible sources that can provide in-depth and accurate information. This method ensures that the information gathered is reliable, well-researched, and from reputable sources. It also allows for a comprehensive understanding of the topic by exploring different perspectives and opinions.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles and values, guiding individuals and societies in determining what is right or wrong, proper or improper, and good or bad. It provides a framework for making decisions and judgments based on moral considerations. Ethics helps individuals and organizations navigate complex situations, ensuring that actions align with moral standards and societal norms. It plays a crucial role in various fields, including business, medicine, law, and research, as it promotes fairness, integrity, and accountability.

According to Aquino, research is a simple and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem. This definition suggests that research involves actively seeking out information by posing questions, problems, or scenarios. It is a method or process that aims to discover, find out, and explain phenomena.

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Using The Five W's is a way for remembering important questions to ask when doing research. The Five W's refer to Who, What, Where, When, and Why. By considering these questions, researchers can ensure that they cover all necessary aspects and gather comprehensive information. This method helps in organizing thoughts, identifying gaps in knowledge, and guiding the research process effectively.

Field research is conducted in an open place, such as a natural environment or a public space, and involves observing and studying phenomena that occur naturally. This type of research allows for the collection of real-time data in a natural setting, without manipulating variables or controlling the environment. It is often used in social sciences, anthropology, ecology, and other disciplines to gain a deeper understanding of the subject under study in its natural context. Field research can involve direct observation, interviews, surveys, and other methods to gather information.

The given answer, "Data and Information," is correct because data and information are actively used, interpreted, refined, digested, and discussed. Data refers to raw facts and figures, while information is processed data that has meaning and context. Both data and information are essential in various fields and industries for decision-making, analysis, research, and problem-solving. They are constantly being analyzed, interpreted, refined, and discussed to extract valuable insights and knowledge.

The correct answer is that qualitative research is non-statistical while quantitative research is statistical. This means that qualitative research focuses on gathering and interpreting non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations, to understand the underlying meanings and motivations. On the other hand, quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical methods to draw conclusions and make predictions.

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The odd one out in the Five W's is "Which" because it is the only one that does not start with the letter "W". The other options, "What", "Why", and "Who", all start with the letter "W" and follow the pattern of the Five W's, which are commonly used in journalism and research to gather information. "Which" does not fit this pattern, making it the odd one out.

The useful way of remembering the important questions to ask about your research project is to think of the Five W's. This refers to asking the questions: Who, What, Where, When, and Why. By considering these questions, researchers can ensure that they have covered all the necessary aspects of their project and have a comprehensive understanding of their research objectives and methods. This approach helps to organize and structure the research process, ensuring that no important questions are overlooked.

Ethnography is a type of qualitative research that involves studying a society, culture, or group in depth. It relies heavily on observation and integration into the society being studied. Ethnographers immerse themselves in the culture and community, observing and interacting with its members to gain a deep understanding of their beliefs, behaviors, and practices. Through this approach, ethnography aims to provide a detailed and holistic account of the social phenomena being investigated.

Sending a letter to a certain office before conducting the research is not considered an unethical practice in conducting research. It is a common practice to inform relevant parties, such as offices or organizations, about the research being conducted in order to seek their cooperation or permission. This helps ensure transparency and ethical conduct throughout the research process.

The term "allegorical" refers to the use of symbolism or metaphorical representation, typically found in literature or art. In the context of research, this characteristic is not relevant or applicable. The other characteristics - critical, cyclical, and replicability - are all directly related to the research process and are commonly associated with conducting rigorous and valid research.

Empirical means relying on or derived from observation or experiment. In the context of research, it implies that the researcher directly observes and experiences the phenomenon being studied. This characteristic ensures that the research is based on real-world evidence and data, rather than just theoretical or speculative ideas. By being empirical, the researcher can gather first-hand information, make accurate observations, and draw valid conclusions. Therefore, the answer "Empirical" is correct as it accurately describes the characteristic of research where the researcher directly observes and experiences the research.

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When selecting a research problem in qualitative research, it is important to consider the researcher's area of interest. This is because the researcher's passion and knowledge in a particular area will contribute to their motivation and ability to conduct an in-depth study. It also ensures that the researcher is personally invested in the topic, which can lead to more meaningful and insightful findings. Additionally, the researcher's area of interest may align with their expertise, allowing them to bring unique insights and perspectives to the study.

An effective research question is one that guides and centers the research, helping to provide clarity and focus. This means that the question should be specific and well-defined, allowing the researcher to gather relevant and meaningful data. By having a clear and focused research question, the researcher can ensure that their study is focused and that they are able to address the specific objectives they have set out to achieve.

Retrieving is the correct answer because it refers to the process of locating and collecting resources for research. It involves bookmarking sources on the internet and selecting relevant information. This step is essential in order to gather the necessary information and data for conducting research effectively.

When selecting a research problem, one important factor to consider is the investigator's ability and training. This is because the investigator's skills, knowledge, and expertise in a particular area will greatly influence their ability to conduct thorough and effective research. They need to have the necessary skills and training to design a research study, collect and analyze data, and interpret the results accurately. Without the appropriate ability and training, the investigator may struggle to conduct high-quality research and may not be able to address the research problem effectively.

Collecting data is a crucial step in the research process, and it typically occurs after selecting a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis. This is because data collection is designed to gather information that can help address the research problem or answer the research question. Before collecting data, it is important to have a clear understanding of what information needs to be gathered and why, which is why selecting a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis comes before data collection.

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The characteristic of research that is based on direct experience or observation by the researchers is empirical. Empirical research involves gathering data through direct observation or experimentation and relies on evidence and facts rather than theory or speculation. It emphasizes the use of observable and measurable data to support or refute hypotheses and draw conclusions. This type of research is considered reliable and objective as it is grounded in real-world observations and experiences.

The letter "Budget" does not belong to the research process because it is not a specific step or action involved in conducting research. The research process typically includes steps such as initiating the research, locating relevant information, analyzing data, and presenting findings. However, budgeting is not directly related to the process of conducting research but rather a separate aspect that involves allocating resources and managing financial aspects of the research project.

In 1988, Martinez defined research as a "scientific process of critical selection of data, investigation, and analysis of such to gain new knowledge." This definition highlights the systematic and analytical nature of research, emphasizing the importance of carefully selecting and analyzing data to generate new knowledge.

The correct answer is "Statistical." In qualitative research, statistical analysis is not typically used. Qualitative research focuses on understanding and interpreting subjective experiences, meanings, and perspectives, rather than quantifying data and drawing statistical conclusions. Instead, qualitative research often uses methods such as thematic analysis, which involves identifying and analyzing themes or patterns in the data. Contextual analysis is also commonly used in qualitative research to understand the social, cultural, and historical context in which the research is conducted. Non-statistical analysis refers to any other form of analysis that does not involve statistical methods.

Integrity is not a characteristic of research because it refers to the moral and ethical values of an individual, while research is a systematic and objective investigation that aims to generate new knowledge or validate existing knowledge. While researchers should certainly conduct their work with integrity, it is not a defining characteristic of research itself. Research is characterized by being methodical, logical, and critical, as it follows a systematic approach, uses logical reasoning, and involves analyzing and evaluating information critically.

Research in various fields/areas, including economic research, can benefit our today's generation by promoting improved techniques to ensure sustainable business productivity. Economic research helps in identifying and analyzing market trends, consumer behavior, and economic indicators, which can aid businesses in making informed decisions. By understanding the economic landscape, businesses can develop strategies to optimize their operations, increase efficiency, and ensure long-term sustainability. This can lead to economic growth, job creation, and overall prosperity for the current generation and future generations.

The correct answer is "Concern for context and meaning." This is not a part of the research process because it is a vague statement that does not specify any particular action or step in the research process. The other options, such as collecting data, selecting a specific research problem, and analyzing and presenting the data, are all essential steps in the research process.

The ethical principle that does not belong to the given options is "One-Sidedness". Private Information, Social Responsibility, and Non-Discrimination are all ethical principles that are commonly recognized and practiced. However, "One-Sidedness" is not a recognized ethical principle. It is important to consider multiple perspectives and avoid favoring one side over another, which is why "One-Sidedness" does not fit in this list.

The two general classification types of research are qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research involves exploring and understanding subjective experiences, opinions, and behaviors through methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups. On the other hand, quantitative research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships using statistical methods. These two types of research provide different perspectives and approaches to studying phenomena and are often used together to gain a comprehensive understanding of a research topic.

Research is used to gather necessary information, as it involves the systematic investigation and study of a subject in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It is also used to know our history, as research helps us understand the past through the study of historical documents, artifacts, and records. Additionally, research is used to make changes, as it provides the knowledge and evidence necessary to identify problems, develop new ideas, and implement improvements in various fields. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

Aquino is the correct answer because he is the author who defined research as a simple, systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem.

In selecting a research problem, it is important to consider the interest of the researcher. This is because when a researcher is interested in a particular topic, they are more likely to be motivated and dedicated to conducting thorough research. Their passion for the subject can also lead to more innovative and insightful findings. Additionally, an interested researcher is more likely to enjoy the research process, which can result in a higher quality of work. Therefore, the interest of the researcher is a crucial factor to consider when selecting a research problem.

The given answer is false because research is not inherently expensive, time-consuming, and unreliable. While some research projects may require significant funding, take a long time to complete, or have limitations in terms of reliability, this is not true for all research. Research can be conducted on a small scale with limited resources, can be completed in a relatively short time frame, and can produce reliable results if proper methodologies are followed. Therefore, the statement that research is always expensive, time-consuming, and unreliable is incorrect.

Qualitative research focuses on wide-angled lens and examines the breadth and depth of a topic. This type of research aims to understand the underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations behind certain phenomena, using methods such as interviews, observations, and analysis of textual data. It seeks to provide a holistic and in-depth understanding of a subject, rather than relying on statistical data or numerical measurements, which is the focus of quantitative research. Therefore, the correct answer is qualitative research.

The correct answer is "Analytical" because it is not a type of qualitative research. Qualitative research is a method that focuses on gathering non-numerical data, such as opinions, experiences, and behaviors, to understand a phenomenon in depth. Case study, ethnography, and grounded theory are all examples of qualitative research methods, whereas analytical research typically involves analyzing and interpreting numerical data to draw conclusions.

Empirical research is a type of research that is based on observed and measured phenomena. It focuses on gathering data and evidence from actual experience rather than relying on theory or belief. This approach aims to derive knowledge and understanding through systematic observation and experimentation. By studying real-world phenomena, empirical research seeks to provide objective and reliable information that can be used to make informed decisions and draw meaningful conclusions.

Experience does not belong to the characteristics of research because research is based on systematic investigation and analysis, using logical and critical thinking. It involves gathering empirical evidence through observation and experimentation to generate new knowledge or validate existing theories. Experience, on the other hand, refers to personal knowledge gained through direct involvement or exposure to a particular situation or event, which may not necessarily follow the systematic and objective approach of research.

Field research involves going out of the room and undergoing an experiment outside. It typically involves gathering data and conducting experiments in real-world settings, such as natural environments or communities. This type of research allows researchers to directly observe and interact with the subjects or phenomena they are studying, providing a more accurate and contextual understanding of the research topic.

The characteristic of research that is based on actual observation and experimentation rather than theories is empirical. Empirical research relies on gathering data and evidence through direct observation or experimentation, rather than relying solely on theoretical concepts or assumptions. This type of research aims to provide objective and verifiable information, allowing for the development of reliable conclusions and theories based on real-world observations.

The process that tackles communicating with the audience, presenting new understanding, and demonstrating appropriate audience behavior is sharing. This involves effectively conveying information, ideas, or insights to others, ensuring that they comprehend and engage with the content, and displaying appropriate conduct and etiquette while interacting with the audience. Sharing is an essential step in the Alberta Inquiry Model as it facilitates effective communication and dissemination of knowledge.

Research with a characteristic of design flexibility means that it can vary or deviate based on personal insights, context sensitivity, and other factors. This implies that the research design can be adjusted or modified to accommodate different perspectives, circumstances, or new information that may arise during the research process. It allows for adaptability and openness to different approaches or interpretations, enhancing the overall quality and effectiveness of the research.

Ethics refers to the study of moral principles and values that determine what is right or wrong, proper or improper, and good or bad. It involves examining and evaluating human behavior and actions in order to make ethical judgments. Therefore, ethics is the word being considered to deal with beliefs about what is wrong or right, proper or improper, and the good or bad.

Laboratory research is a type of research that deals more with experimentation. It involves conducting controlled experiments in a controlled environment, such as a laboratory, to gather data and test hypotheses. This type of research allows researchers to manipulate variables and control external factors, providing more control over the research process and allowing for more precise measurements and analysis. It is commonly used in scientific and medical fields to study cause-and-effect relationships and to test the effectiveness of interventions or treatments.

The correct answer is that the educational role of research is to improve educational practice. Research in the field of education helps to identify effective teaching methods, develop new educational strategies, and gather evidence to support educational policies and decisions. By conducting research, educators and policymakers can make informed choices and implement evidence-based practices to enhance the quality of education and improve student outcomes.

The first step in the research process is to select a general problem. This involves identifying a broad area of interest or concern that the researcher wants to investigate further. It is important to choose a problem that is significant, relevant, and feasible to study. Once a general problem is selected, the researcher can then proceed to narrow down the focus by selecting a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.

A researcher engages in unethical practices in conducting research when they analyze data that only reveal part of the facts and falsify findings. This means they intentionally manipulate or withhold information to present a distorted view of the research results. This is considered unethical because it undermines the integrity of the research process and can lead to false conclusions or misleading information. Researchers are expected to be transparent and objective in their analysis and reporting of data to ensure the validity and reliability of their findings.

Most qualitative research focuses on specific cases or contexts rather than generic ones. Researchers aim to gain in-depth understanding of the unique characteristics and complexities of a particular case or phenomenon. Therefore, generic case orientation does not characterize most qualitative research.

Capstone projects are a form of research experience that students undertake for their senior research projects. These projects typically involve applying the knowledge and skills gained throughout their academic program to address real-world problems or explore a specific area of interest. Capstone projects often require students to work independently or in small groups, conducting research, analyzing data, and presenting their findings. This form of research experience allows students to demonstrate their understanding of the subject matter and their ability to apply it in a practical context.

Budget variance analysis does not belong to the research process because it is not a step involved in conducting research. The research process typically involves collecting data, reviewing the literature of the problem, analyzing and presenting data, and drawing conclusions based on the findings. Budget variance analysis, on the other hand, is a financial analysis technique used to compare actual expenses with planned or budgeted expenses. While it may be relevant to the overall research project, it is not a direct part of the research process itself.

This answer is correct because one of the characteristics of classrooms where teachers emphasize inquiry-based learning is that students work collaboratively in groups, rather than individually. The other three options are all characteristics of inquiry-based learning classrooms, such as capitalizing on student curiosity, actively using and discussing data and information, and promoting collaboration between teachers, students, and teacher-librarians.

Research can lift up the economy by promoting improved techniques that ensure sustainable business productivity. Through research, new and innovative methods can be discovered and implemented, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in businesses. This, in turn, can contribute to economic growth by creating more jobs, increasing output, and attracting investments. By continuously researching and adopting better practices, businesses can remain competitive and thrive in the market, ultimately benefiting the overall economy.

Laboratory research is a type of research where studies are conducted in artificial or controlled conditions by isolating the study in a thoroughly specified and equipped area. This type of research allows researchers to manipulate variables and control external factors to study cause-and-effect relationships. By conducting experiments in a controlled environment, researchers can minimize external influences and obtain more accurate and reliable results. Laboratory research is commonly used in scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, and psychology to test hypotheses and gather empirical evidence.

Qualitative research is a type of research in which the researcher relies on the views of the participants. This type of research aims to understand the subjective experiences, opinions, and perspectives of individuals or groups. It involves gathering data through methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups, and analyzing the data using interpretive approaches. Qualitative research is particularly useful in exploring complex social phenomena, providing rich and in-depth insights into the participants' perspectives, and generating theories and hypotheses for further investigation.

Research is the correct answer because it involves a systematic and thorough investigation to discover and report new information or knowledge about a particular subject. It goes beyond simply studying or searching for information, as it requires a more focused and methodical approach to gather data, analyze findings, and draw meaningful conclusions. Research is often conducted to contribute to existing knowledge or address specific questions or problems in a particular field of study.

Questioning is not included in the forms of class-based activities. Class-based activities typically involve experiments, naturalistic observations, and surveys as methods of gathering data and promoting active learning. Questioning, on the other hand, is a technique used by teachers to engage students in discussions and stimulate critical thinking, but it is not considered a separate form of class-based activity.

Research is the correct answer because it refers to the act of conducting a systematic investigation or study to gather information, analyze data, and draw conclusions about a particular topic. It involves the collection and interpretation of data to expand knowledge and understanding in a specific field or subject. Research can be conducted in various ways, such as through experiments, surveys, interviews, or analysis of existing literature and data. It is a crucial process in academia, scientific studies, and many other fields to advance knowledge and make informed decisions.

Qualitative research involves studying real-life situations in their natural settings, which means that naturally occurring settings are actually a characteristic of qualitative research. Therefore, the answer "Naturally not Occurring Settings" is not a characteristic of qualitative research.

IBL stands for Inquiry-Based Learning. This approach to learning focuses on students actively engaging in the process of asking questions, investigating, and problem-solving to deepen their understanding of a topic. It encourages students to be curious, think critically, and develop their own knowledge and skills through exploration and discovery. In IBL, students take ownership of their learning and become active participants in the learning process, rather than passive recipients of information. This approach promotes higher-order thinking, creativity, and independence in students.

Research is integral to the progress and evolution of mankind because it provides and expands knowledge, allowing people to better understand and control their environment. By conducting research, individuals can uncover new information, discover innovative solutions, and gain insights into various aspects of the world. This knowledge can then be applied to improve various fields such as medicine, technology, and environmental conservation. Ultimately, research enables humans to make informed decisions, solve problems, and advance society as a whole.

Empirical research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. It involves gathering data through direct observation or experimentation, rather than relying on theory or speculation. This type of research aims to provide evidence-based conclusions and is often used in scientific and social sciences studies. Empirical research allows researchers to gather firsthand information and draw conclusions based on actual observations, making it a characteristic of research that is based on direct experience or observation.

The question asks for the ethical principles that are NOT included in the given options. The options listed are Competence, Integrity, and Responsible publication. Illegitimacy is not an ethical principle, so it is the correct answer.

Aquino defines "research" as a simple, systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem.

Qualitative research refers to a type of social science research that collects and works with non-numerical data. It seeks to interpret meaning from these data in order to understand social life through the study of targeted populations or places. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research uses methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain insights into the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals or groups. This type of research is particularly useful for exploring complex social phenomena and understanding the context in which they occur.

Ethics is not a characteristic of research because it refers to the moral principles and values that guide the conduct of research, rather than a specific aspect of the research process itself. Research can be analytical, involving the examination and interpretation of data, critical, involving the evaluation and questioning of information, and cyclical, involving the iterative nature of the research process. However, ethics is a separate consideration that ensures research is conducted ethically and with integrity, protecting the rights and well-being of participants and ensuring the validity and credibility of the research findings.

Reviewing plans in research is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it allows for adjustments to the schedule, ensuring that the research stays on track and any necessary changes can be made in a timely manner. Secondly, reviewing plans helps researchers catch up with the schedule if they have fallen behind, allowing them to allocate resources and effort accordingly. Lastly, reviewing plans prompts researchers to exert more effort, ensuring that they are consistently evaluating and improving their work. Therefore, all of the above reasons emphasize the importance of regularly reviewing research plans.

Qualitative research is the type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of participants. This research method involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and open-ended survey responses to gain an in-depth understanding of the participants' perspectives and experiences. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research aims to explore and interpret subjective meanings and social contexts. By relying on the views of participants, qualitative research allows for a rich and comprehensive exploration of educational phenomena.

Treece is the author who defined research as a systematic collection and interpretation of data to illuminate, describe or explain new facts and relationships.

Creating means organizing all the information and facts that you have gathered on your study. When you create something, you are putting together different pieces of information or data in a structured and organized manner. This process involves analyzing and synthesizing the information to form a coherent and meaningful whole. By creating, you are able to make connections between different pieces of information and present them in a way that is logical and understandable. This helps in gaining a deeper understanding of the subject matter and effectively communicating your findings.

Thinking of the 5 W's (Who, What, When, Where, Why) is a useful way of remembering the important questions about a researcher's research project. These questions help to gather comprehensive information and understanding about the project, including the researcher's identity, the purpose of the research, the timeline, the location, and the reasons behind conducting the study. By considering these key aspects, researchers can ensure that they have covered all the necessary elements and have a clear understanding of their project.

Developing a research question is important because it allows the researcher to clarify their concerns and issues related to the chosen topic. It serves as their initial step in the research process, helping them focus their investigation and establish a clear direction. By formulating a research question, the researcher can identify the specific information they want to gather and analyze, ensuring that their study is purposeful and meaningful. Additionally, a well-defined research question helps guide the participant's involvement in the research, as it provides a clear objective for them to address.

Martinez (1998) is the correct answer because they stated that research is a scientific process involving the critical selection of data, investigation, and analysis to gain new knowledge. This suggests that Martinez has a comprehensive understanding of the research process and its components. The other options do not provide any information about research or its scientific nature.

Treece is the author who defines research as a systematic collection and interpretation of data to illuminate, describe or explain new facts and relationships.

Empirical research is the correct answer because it involves gathering data through observation and experimentation to generate new knowledge. This type of research relies on evidence and facts rather than theories or opinions. It aims to test hypotheses and draw conclusions based on the collected data. Empirical research is often conducted in fields such as science, psychology, and social sciences to investigate phenomena and validate or refute existing theories.

Emergent device is not a characteristic of qualitative research. Qualitative research focuses on understanding and interpreting social phenomena in their natural settings, emphasizing context and meaning. It involves collecting and analyzing descriptive data, often through methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis. Additionally, qualitative research recognizes humans as instruments, acknowledging their subjectivity and role in shaping the research process. However, an emergent device is not a specific characteristic associated with qualitative research.

The characteristic of research that describes how it is organized and involves setting and following a time table properly is methodical. Methodical research involves a systematic and organized approach, where researchers plan and schedule their activities and adhere to a specific timeline. This ensures that the research is conducted in a structured and efficient manner, allowing for accurate data collection and analysis.

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The given options are all activities that can be part of a larger process. Researching, creating, processing, and sharing are all steps that can be involved in various tasks or projects. However, "Researching" stands out as it is the only option that does not involve any direct action or output. It is a preliminary step that involves gathering information and data before proceeding with other tasks.

There are seven characteristics of research. These characteristics include systematic investigation, controlled inquiry, validity, reliability, precision, objectivity, and generalizability. These characteristics help ensure that research is conducted in a rigorous and scientific manner, resulting in reliable and valid findings.

Empirical research aims at creating new knowledge by using systematic observation or experimentation to gather data and evidence. It focuses on collecting and analyzing data in order to draw conclusions and make informed decisions. This type of research is based on real-world observations and experiences, and it helps to test theories and hypotheses. Empirical research is often conducted in fields such as science, social sciences, and medicine, where researchers seek to understand phenomena and make evidence-based claims.

Phenomenology is the correct answer because it is a type of qualitative research that focuses on understanding the lived experiences and subjective meanings of individuals. It emphasizes the exploration of consciousness and direct experiences, aiming to uncover the essence of a phenomenon. This approach involves in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of participants' descriptions and interpretations of their experiences. Unlike other options, such as case study, ethnography, and grounded theory, phenomenology specifically emphasizes the study of consciousness and direct experiences.

Prewriting is not included in the process of inquiry-based research. Prewriting refers to the initial stage of the writing process where the researcher generates ideas, plans, and organizes their thoughts before starting the actual writing. However, in inquiry-based research, the focus is on actively investigating a research question or problem through gathering and analyzing data, evaluating evidence, and drawing conclusions. Prewriting is more relevant to the writing process itself rather than the research process.

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The correct answer is Planning, Retrieving, Processing, Creating, Sharing, Evaluating. This sequence represents the six steps of the IBL (Inquiry-Based Learning) process. In the planning phase, the learner identifies the topic or problem to investigate. Retrieving involves gathering relevant information and resources. Processing refers to analyzing and organizing the collected information. Creating involves generating new ideas or solutions based on the processed information. Sharing is the step where the learner communicates their findings or creations with others. Lastly, evaluating involves reflecting on the learning process and outcomes to assess its effectiveness.

Martinez defined research as a scientific process that involves critically selecting data, investigating it, and analyzing it in order to gain new knowledge. This definition emphasizes the importance of using a scientific approach and being critical in the selection and analysis of data to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings. The goal of research, according to Martinez, is to generate new knowledge by systematically examining and interpreting data.