Midterm Physical Science Study Guide Part 1

Physical science can be used in everyday life because it involves the study of the natural world and the physical properties of matter and energy. It helps us understand how things work and enables us to make informed decisions in various situations. For example, knowledge of physical science can help us understand the principles behind cooking, driving a car, using electronic devices, or even predicting weather patterns. By applying the concepts of physical science, we can solve problems, improve technologies, and make our lives more efficient and convenient.

The correct answer is "Distance over time" because average speed is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. It is a measure of how quickly an object is moving over a certain period of time. By dividing the distance by the time, we can determine the average speed of the object.

The correct answer is "Mass over volume" because density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. This means that density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a given volume.

The statement "The grass is green" is an example of an observation because it is a direct and factual statement about the color of the grass. Observations are made through direct sensory perception and do not involve any interpretation or inference. In this case, the color of the grass can be directly observed and stated without any further analysis or explanation.

In a cup with many different liquids, the liquid with the least density will float to the top. This is because density is a measure of how much mass is packed into a given volume. A liquid with lower density means that it has less mass packed into the same volume compared to the other liquids. As a result, it will be less dense than the other liquids and will therefore float on top of them.

When a liquid turns into a gas, the particles gain enough energy to break the intermolecular forces holding them together. As a result, they are freed from their fixed positions and move more freely in the gas phase. This process is known as vaporization or evaporation.

Pressure is the force per unit area exerted on a surface. It is the result of the force applied perpendicular to the surface divided by the area over which the force is applied. Pressure can be caused by various factors such as weight, temperature, or buoyancy. Therefore, pressure is the correct answer as it encompasses the concept of force per area.

Rusting metal is an example of a chemical change because it involves a chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water or moisture. This reaction leads to the formation of iron oxide, which is commonly known as rust. Unlike physical changes such as bending a nail or melting butter, rusting metal involves the transformation of the substance at a molecular level, resulting in a new substance with different properties.

Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas, while condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid. Therefore, the opposite of condensation is evaporation.

Melted crayons are an example of physical change because they undergo a change in their physical state from solid to liquid when heated. The chemical composition of the crayons remains the same, only their physical appearance and state change. This is different from chemical changes where the substances involved undergo a transformation at the molecular level, resulting in a new substance with different properties.

The conversion factor for liters to milliliters is 1000. This means that there are 1000 milliliters in 1 liter. Therefore, the correct answer is 1000.

Temperature can be found by measuring the speed of the molecules. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. As the temperature increases, the molecules move faster and vice versa. By measuring the speed of the molecules, we can determine the temperature of the substance. Weight, mass, and volume are not related to the speed of molecules and therefore cannot be found by measuring their speed.

The correct answer is solute because in a solution, the solute is the substance that is being dissolved. In this case, the salt is being dissolved in water, making it the solute. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving, which in this case is the water.

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Weight is the measure of gravitational pull on an object. It is the force with which the object is pulled towards the center of the Earth or any other celestial body. Weight depends on the mass of the object as well as the strength of the gravitational field. It is measured in units such as pounds or kilograms.

Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant. This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases, and vice versa. This law was discovered by Robert Boyle in the 17th century and is an important principle in the study of gases. It helps explain the behavior of gases and is used in various applications, such as in the design of compressed gas systems and understanding the behavior of gases in closed containers.

Physical science is a branch of science that studies the natural world and the properties of matter and energy. Physics is the branch of physical science that deals with the fundamental principles of matter and energy, including motion, forces, and energy transformations. Chemistry, on the other hand, is the branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of substances. Therefore, the correct answer is physics and chemistry, as these two branches together encompass the study of matter and energy in physical science.

Scientific laws and theories serve different purposes in the field of science. Laws describe and explain observable phenomena or patterns in nature, stating what will consistently happen under certain conditions. On the other hand, theories provide explanations for why these phenomena occur, offering a framework of understanding based on evidence and logical reasoning. While laws are generally accepted as true and reliable, theories are subject to change and refinement as new evidence emerges. Therefore, the correct answer explains that laws tell you what happens, while theories tell you why it happens.

The correct answer is "Both A and C" because volume can be measured in liters, which is a unit of volume commonly used for measuring liquids, and also in cubic centimeters, which is a unit of volume commonly used for measuring solids. Kilograms, on the other hand, is a unit of weight and not volume.

The first step of the Scientific Method is to ask a question. This is because the scientific method is a systematic approach to conducting scientific research, and it starts with identifying a problem or a question that needs to be answered. By asking a question, scientists can define the scope of their research and identify what they want to investigate. Once the question is formulated, they can then proceed to make observations, form a hypothesis, conduct experiments, analyze data, and communicate results.

Dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, undergoes sublimation when it turns into gas. Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without first becoming a liquid. In order for this phase change to occur, energy needs to be added to the dry ice. Therefore, the correct answer is "Gain" as dry ice needs to gain energy to turn into air.

Physical Science is the study of matter and energy. It involves understanding the properties, behavior, and interactions of both matter and energy in the physical world. This field of science explores various aspects such as forces, motion, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms and molecules. By studying matter and energy, scientists can gain insights into the fundamental principles that govern the universe and develop technologies that benefit society.

The Kelvin scale is the SI unit for temperature. It is an absolute temperature scale where zero Kelvin represents absolute zero, the point at which all molecular motion ceases. The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are not SI units, but rather derived scales based on the freezing and boiling points of water. Therefore, the correct answer is Kelvin.

The correct answer is "2 metals combined." An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, typically created to enhance the properties of the individual metals involved. This combination results in a material with improved strength, durability, or other desirable characteristics. Alloys are commonly used in various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and aerospace, due to their unique properties and versatility.

Salt, like most substances, has a freezing point. This is the temperature at which it transitions from a solid to a liquid state. When salt reaches its freezing point, the intermolecular forces holding its particles together weaken, allowing them to move more freely and form a liquid. Therefore, the correct answer is "It's freezing point."