Trivia Quiz: What Do You Know About Unicellular Organisms?
What do you know about unicellular organisms? One fact you should know by now is that they are single-celled and either be prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms. Over the course of your studies, you have covered some of their basic characteristics and the different organisms that fall under this group. Test how much you know about them by taking this test!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The theory of endosymbiosis proposes the:
- A.
Origin of prokaryotic cells
- B.
Origin of mitochondria
- C.
Origin of fossils
- D.
Origin of eukaryotic cells
Correct Answer
D. Origin of eukaryotic cellsExplanation
The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between different types of prokaryotic cells. According to this theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by a larger host cell. Over time, they became integrated within the host cell and formed a mutually beneficial relationship. This theory provides an explanation for the presence of these organelles within eukaryotic cells and their similarities to certain types of bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is "Origin of eukaryotic cells."Rate this question:
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- 2.
Protozoa are always unicellular organisms whereas fungi and algae can be unicellular or multicellular.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Protista. They are characterized by their ability to move and feed on other organisms. On the other hand, fungi and algae can exist as either unicellular or multicellular organisms. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter, while algae are photosynthetic organisms that can be found in a variety of habitats. Therefore, the statement that protozoa are always unicellular organisms is true.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Eukaryotic cells evolved about 2 billion years before prokaryotic cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because prokaryotic cells are believed to have evolved around 3.5 billion years ago, while eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved around 1.5 billion years later, making them younger than prokaryotic cells. Therefore, eukaryotic cells did not evolve 2 billion years before prokaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In eukaryotic cells, what structure is embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- A.
Vesicles
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Chromatin
- D.
Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer
B. RibosomesExplanation
Ribosomes are embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells. The rough ER is studded with ribosomes on its surface, giving it a rough appearance under a microscope. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and by being attached to the rough ER, they allow for the direct transfer of newly synthesized proteins into the ER for further processing and modification. This process is important for the production of proteins that are destined for secretion or for insertion into the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are composed of a '9+2' arrangement of microtubules encased in a membrane.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are indeed composed of a '9+2' arrangement of microtubules encased in a membrane. This arrangement refers to the structure of these cellular appendages, where nine pairs of microtubules surround a central pair, forming a cylindrical shape. This arrangement provides support and movement to the flagella and cilia, allowing cells to propel themselves or move substances across their surfaces. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects this characteristic of eukaryotic flagella and cilia.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In eukaryotic cells, the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and a collection area for ribosomal subunits is the __________________.
Correct Answer
nucleolusExplanation
The nucleolus is the correct answer because it is the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and a collection area for ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells. The nucleolus is a distinct structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomal subunits. These subunits are then exported to the cytoplasm where they assemble to form functional ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.Rate this question:
- 7.
Which eukaryotic cell types have a cell wall?
- A.
Fungi
- B.
Algae and fungi
- C.
Protzoa
- D.
Algae
Correct Answer
B. Algae and fungiExplanation
Algae and fungi are the correct answers because both of these eukaryotic cell types have a cell wall. Algae are photosynthetic organisms that can be found in various aquatic environments, and their cell walls are made up of cellulose. Fungi, on the other hand, are heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by absorbing them from their surroundings. Their cell walls are composed of chitin, a tough and flexible polysaccharide.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Yeasts are _______________fungi, and molds are ________________fungi.
- A.
Water, terrestrial
- B.
Unicellular, filamentous
- C.
Motile, nonmotile
- D.
Macroscopic, nonmacroscopic
Correct Answer
B. Unicellular, filamentousExplanation
Yeasts are unicellular fungi, meaning they exist as single-celled organisms. They reproduce asexually through budding or fission. On the other hand, molds are filamentous fungi, which means they form long, branching filaments called hyphae. These hyphae can intertwine to create a network called mycelium. Molds reproduce through the production of spores, which can be dispersed through the air or other means.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Yeasts cells reproduce by spore formation, whereas molds reproduce by budding.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Yeasts cells reproduce by budding, not by spore formation. On the other hand, molds reproduce by spore formation, not by budding. Therefore, the statement that yeasts reproduce by spore formation and molds reproduce by budding is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In general, fungi derive their nutrients by:
- A.
Engulfing bacteria
- B.
Photosynthesis
- C.
Parasitism
- D.
Digesting organic substrates
Correct Answer
D. Digesting organic substratesExplanation
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their nutrients by breaking down organic substrates. Unlike plants, they cannot perform photosynthesis to produce their own food. Fungi secrete enzymes that break down complex organic molecules into simpler forms, which they can then absorb and use for energy. This process is known as digestion. Fungi can decompose dead organic matter, such as decaying plants and animals, and also engage in mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as mycorrhizal associations with plant roots. Therefore, the correct answer is digesting organic substrates.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is true of the nuclear envelope?
- A.
It has pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm
- B.
It is the site of lipid synthesis in the cell
- C.
It contains ribosomes
- D.
It is a not a membraned structure
Correct Answer
A. It has pores that allow communication with the cytoplasmExplanation
The nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells has pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm. These pores are called nuclear pores and they regulate the movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This communication is essential for the exchange of proteins, RNA, and other molecules that are necessary for various cellular processes. The nuclear envelope itself is a double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and organization of the genetic material within the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called:
- A.
Nonseptate
- B.
Septate
- C.
Perfect
- D.
Imperfect
Correct Answer
B. SeptateExplanation
A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called septate. These cross walls, known as septa, separate the hypha into distinct compartments or cells. This division allows for the efficient transport of nutrients and resources throughout the hypha, as well as the isolation of different cellular processes. The presence of septa is a characteristic feature of many fungal hyphae, distinguishing them from nonseptate hyphae, which lack these cross walls.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A mass of hyphae that makes up the colony of mold is called a __________________
Correct Answer
myceliumExplanation
A mass of hyphae that makes up the colony of mold is called mycelium. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine, branching hyphae. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients and providing structural support to the mold colony. The mycelium can spread and grow rapidly, allowing the mold to colonize and thrive in favorable conditions.Rate this question:
- 14.
All algae contain some type of chlorophyll.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
All algae contain some type of chlorophyll, which is a pigment responsible for capturing light energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is essential for algae to convert sunlight into chemical energy, allowing them to grow and survive. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement "All algae contain some type of chlorophyll" is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of protozoa?
- A.
Locomotion
- B.
Cyst formation
- C.
Trophozoite form
- D.
Spore formation
Correct Answer
D. Spore formationExplanation
Protozoa are unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Protista. They are known for their ability to move, which is called locomotion. They can move using various structures like cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia. Protozoa can also form cysts, which are protective structures that allow them to survive in unfavorable conditions. The trophozoite form refers to the active, feeding stage of protozoa. However, spore formation is not a characteristic of protozoa. Spore formation is more commonly seen in fungi and some types of bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Mushrooms belong to which Phylum of Fungi?
- A.
Ascomycota
- B.
None of these
- C.
Zygomycota
- D.
Basidiomycota
Correct Answer
D. BasidiomycotaExplanation
Basidiomycota is the correct answer because mushrooms belong to this phylum of fungi. Basidiomycota is a diverse group of fungi that includes mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. These fungi are characterized by their reproductive structures called basidia, which produce spores. Mushrooms, being a type of basidiomycete, have basidia on their gills or pores, where spores are produced and released. Therefore, Basidiomycota is the correct phylum for mushrooms.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Enterobius vermicularis is the organism that causes malaria.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Enterobius vermicularis is not the organism that causes malaria. Enterobius vermicularis is actually a parasitic worm that causes the infection known as pinworm. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Therefore, the statement that Enterobius vermicularis causes malaria is false.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Human fungal infections involve and affect what areas of the body?
- A.
Skin
- B.
Lungs
- C.
Mucous membranes
- D.
All of these
Correct Answer
D. All of theseExplanation
Human fungal infections can involve and affect various areas of the body, including the skin, lungs, and mucous membranes. Fungal infections on the skin can lead to conditions such as athlete's foot or ringworm. Infections in the lungs can occur through inhalation of fungal spores, causing respiratory problems. Fungi can also affect the mucous membranes, leading to infections in the mouth, throat, or genital area. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of these" as fungal infections can occur in multiple areas of the body.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The number of cases of helminth infections worldwide is less than 10,000 per year since these are not common infections.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that the number of cases of helminth infections worldwide is less than 10,000 per year because these infections are not common. However, the correct answer is False, indicating that the statement is incorrect. This implies that the number of helminth infections worldwide is actually more than 10,000 per year, contradicting the notion that these infections are uncommon.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Viruses are not considered living things because:
- A.
All of these
- B.
They lack metabolism
- C.
They cannot reproduce by themselves
- D.
They are not cells
Correct Answer
A. All of theseExplanation
Viruses are not considered living things because they lack metabolism, meaning they do not have the ability to obtain and use energy. Additionally, viruses cannot reproduce by themselves as they require a host cell to replicate. Furthermore, viruses are not cells themselves, but rather they are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. Therefore, all of these characteristics contribute to the classification of viruses as non-living entities.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A virus has either DNA or RNA, not both.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but not both at the same time. Some viruses, such as the herpesvirus, have DNA as their genetic material, while others, like the influenza virus, have RNA. The type of genetic material determines how the virus replicates and interacts with host cells.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The specific viral structure consisting of a 3-dimensional polyhedron which resembles a hollow sphere with the nucleic acid inside is called a(an)___________________ virus.
- A.
Naked
- B.
Icosahedral
- C.
Enveloped
- D.
Helical
Correct Answer
B. IcosahedralExplanation
An icosahedral virus refers to a specific viral structure that has a 3-dimensional polyhedron shape resembling a hollow sphere. This structure is characterized by having twenty equilateral triangular faces, twelve vertices, and thirty edges. The nucleic acid of the virus is contained inside this icosahedral structure.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Viruses are measured using what unit of measure?
- A.
Nanometers
- B.
Milimeters
- C.
Centimeters
- D.
Micrometers
Correct Answer
A. NanometersExplanation
Viruses are measured using the unit of measure called nanometers. This unit is used because viruses are extremely small and can only be observed under a microscope. Nanometers are one billionth of a meter, which is the appropriate scale to measure the size of viruses. Milimeters, centimeters, and micrometers are larger units of measure and not suitable for measuring the size of viruses.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Viruses are capable of infecting:
- A.
Only animals
- B.
Only plants
- C.
Only bacteria
- D.
All organisms
Correct Answer
D. All organismsExplanation
Viruses are capable of infecting all organisms. Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can infect a wide range of living organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. They are not considered living organisms themselves, as they lack the ability to reproduce and carry out metabolic processes on their own. However, they can invade the cells of various organisms and hijack the cellular machinery to replicate themselves. This ability to infect different types of organisms makes viruses highly adaptable and capable of causing diseases in a variety of hosts.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The identical protein subunits which make up the viral capsid are called spikes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the identical protein subunits that make up the viral capsid are not called spikes. The spikes are actually separate structures on the surface of the viral capsid that are responsible for attaching to host cells and facilitating viral entry. The protein subunits that make up the viral capsid are typically called capsomeres.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The viral envelope of an animal virus is derived from the ____________________of the host cell.
- A.
Cell wall
- B.
Glyocalyx
- C.
Spikes
- D.
Cell membrane
Correct Answer
D. Cell membraneExplanation
The viral envelope of an animal virus is derived from the cell membrane of the host cell. This means that when the virus infects a host cell, it takes a portion of the cell membrane and incorporates it into its own structure. The viral envelope is important for the virus because it allows it to enter and exit host cells more easily, as well as protect it from the host's immune system.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The major steps in the interaction of an animal virus with its host cell are:
- A.
Adsorption, duplication, assembly, lysis
- B.
Endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, exocytosis
- C.
Endocytosis, replication, assembly, release
- D.
Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release
Correct Answer
D. Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, releaseExplanation
The correct answer is adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release. This sequence of steps describes the typical process by which an animal virus interacts with its host cell. Adsorption refers to the attachment of the virus to the surface of the host cell. Penetration involves the entry of the virus into the host cell. Synthesis refers to the replication and production of viral components within the host cell. Assembly involves the packaging of these components to form new viral particles. Finally, release refers to the exit of the newly formed viruses from the host cell to infect other cells.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The major difference between a naked virus and an enveloped virus is that a naked virus does not contain nucleic acid and an enveloped virus contains nucleic acid.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that both naked viruses and enveloped viruses contain nucleic acid. The major difference between them lies in their outer structure. Naked viruses have a protein coat called a capsid, while enveloped viruses have an additional outer lipid membrane called an envelope.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The most important function for viral spikes is:
- A.
Release of the virus from the host cell
- B.
Attachment of the virus to a specific host cell
- C.
Maturation of viral particles in the host cell
- D.
Disruption of the host immune system so that the virus is not destroyed
Correct Answer
B. Attachment of the virus to a specific host cellExplanation
The viral spikes are crucial for the attachment of the virus to a specific host cell. This attachment is necessary for the virus to enter the host cell and initiate the infection process. The spikes on the surface of the virus bind to specific receptors on the host cell, allowing the virus to dock onto the cell membrane. This attachment is the first step in the viral life cycle and is essential for the virus to gain entry into the host cell and replicate.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Bacteriophages are:
- A.
Viruses that infect animal cells
- B.
Bacteria that infect animal cells
- C.
Viruses that infect bacteria
- D.
Bacteria that infect viruses
Correct Answer
C. Viruses that infect bacteriaExplanation
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. They are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. Bacteriophages attach to the surface of bacteria and inject their genetic material into the host cell. Once inside, they hijack the cellular machinery of the bacteria to replicate themselves. This eventually leads to the lysis (breakdown) of the bacterial cell and the release of newly formed bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are extensively used in phage therapy, a potential alternative to antibiotics, for treating bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The suffix '-viridae' indicates that it is a viral _________________.
- A.
Class
- B.
Genus
- C.
Family
- D.
Species
Correct Answer
C. FamilyExplanation
The suffix '-viridae' is commonly used in virology to denote the taxonomic rank of family. Therefore, when a name ends with '-viridae', it indicates that it belongs to a viral family.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following methods cannot be used to study viruses in a laboratory?
- A.
Cultures in broth or agar media
- B.
Cell cultures
- C.
Bird embryos
- D.
Animal models
Correct Answer
A. Cultures in broth or agar mediaExplanation
Cultures in broth or agar media can be used to study viruses in a laboratory. This method involves growing viruses in a liquid or solid medium, allowing them to replicate and be studied. This method is commonly used to study and isolate viruses.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Prions are a group of highly infectious viruses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Prions are not viruses, but rather misfolded proteins that can cause diseases in animals and humans. Unlike viruses, prions do not have genetic material or a protective outer layer. They are able to convert normal proteins into misfolded ones, leading to the accumulation of these abnormal proteins in the brain and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the statement that prions are a group of highly infectious viruses is false.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell_________________, and DNA viruses multiply in the cell_________________.
- A.
Nucleus, nucleus
- B.
Nucleus, cytoplasm
- C.
Endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus
- D.
Cytoplasm, nucleus
Correct Answer
D. Cytoplasm, nucleusExplanation
RNA viruses generally multiply in the cell cytoplasm, while DNA viruses multiply in the cell nucleus. This is because RNA viruses do not require the host cell's machinery for transcription and translation, so they can replicate in the cytoplasm where ribosomes are present. On the other hand, DNA viruses need to access the host cell's nucleus in order to utilize the cell's machinery for transcription and replication of their genetic material.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Viruses that can persist in the cell and cause recurrent infections are considered:
- A.
Oncogenic
- B.
Latent
- C.
Cytopathic
- D.
Resistant
Correct Answer
B. LatentExplanation
Viruses that can persist in the cell and cause recurrent infections are considered latent. Latent viruses have the ability to remain dormant within the host cell for extended periods of time without causing immediate harm. These viruses can reactivate and cause recurrent infections later on, making them different from cytopathic viruses that cause immediate cell damage and oncogenic viruses that can lead to the development of cancer. The term "resistant" does not accurately describe viruses that can persist in cells and cause recurrent infections.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Clear, well-defined patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called ____________________.
Correct Answer
plaque, plaquesExplanation
Clear, well-defined patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called plaques. Plaques are formed when viruses infect and kill cells in a localized area, creating a visible hole or clearing in the cell culture. These plaques can be counted and used to determine the viral titer or concentration in the culture. Plaque assays are commonly used in virology research to study virus replication, pathogenesis, and to measure the effectiveness of antiviral drugs or vaccines.Rate this question:
- 37.
A prophage is a/an _______________________stage in the cycle of ___________________________.
- A.
Latent, bacterial viruses
- B.
Late, enveloped viruses
- C.
Early, poxviruses
- D.
Infective, RNA viruses
Correct Answer
A. Latent, bacterial virusesExplanation
A prophage is a latent stage in the cycle of bacterial viruses. During this stage, the viral DNA is integrated into the bacterial host's genome and remains dormant until triggered by certain environmental factors to enter the lytic cycle, where it replicates and produces new viral particles. This latent stage allows the virus to persist within the host without causing immediate harm, but can be activated under appropriate conditions to initiate the lytic cycle and cause cell lysis.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A _______________________is an inserted piece of viral DNA into the host bacterial cell chromosome. The source of the viral DNA is a bacteriophage.
- A.
Plaque
- B.
Prophage
- C.
Capsomere
- D.
Spike
Correct Answer
B. ProphageExplanation
A prophage is an inserted piece of viral DNA into the host bacterial cell chromosome. The source of the viral DNA is a bacteriophage.Rate this question:
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- 39.
An oncovirus is capable of initiating_______________________.
- A.
A rash
- B.
The flu
- C.
Tumor development
- D.
Plaque formation
Correct Answer
C. Tumor developmentExplanation
Oncoviruses are viruses that have the ability to cause cancer. They can initiate tumor development by infecting cells and altering their normal growth and division processes. These viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, leading to the disruption of normal cellular functions and the promotion of uncontrolled cell growth. This can eventually result in the formation of tumors.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The major source of energy for a photoautotroph is:
- A.
Simple inorganic chemicals
- B.
Organic nutrients
- C.
Sunlight
- D.
Organic matter from dead organisms
Correct Answer
C. SunlightExplanation
Photoautotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. They use sunlight as the major source of energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of the cells, where sunlight is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll. Therefore, sunlight is the correct answer as it provides the energy needed for photoautotrophs to carry out photosynthesis and produce food.Rate this question:
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- 41.
A heterotroph is an organism that can make its own food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food and relies on consuming other organisms or organic matter for energy. This is in contrast to autotrophs, which can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Therefore, the statement "A heterotroph is an organism that can make its own food" is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The main difference between organic and inorganic nutrients is that organic nutrients contain ______________________.
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
- C.
Carbon and hydrogen
- D.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
C. Carbon and hydrogenExplanation
Organic nutrients are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. These nutrients are derived from living organisms and are essential for the growth and maintenance of living organisms. Inorganic nutrients, on the other hand, do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are typically derived from non-living sources such as minerals and water. Therefore, the main difference between organic and inorganic nutrients is the presence of carbon and hydrogen in organic nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following substances are required by all organisms?
- A.
Simple inorganic chemicals
- B.
Organic nutrients
- C.
Growth factors
- D.
Oxygen gas
Correct Answer
B. Organic nutrientsExplanation
All organisms require organic nutrients for their survival. Organic nutrients are essential for providing energy and building blocks for growth, maintenance, and repair of cells. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are obtained from the food we consume and are broken down through digestion and metabolism to release energy and perform various biological functions. Without organic nutrients, organisms would not be able to carry out essential life processes and would ultimately cease to exist.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following cellular transport mechanisms requires energy?
- A.
Simple diffusion
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Endocytosis
- D.
Facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer
C. EndocytosisExplanation
Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from the outside environment by engulfing them in a vesicle. This process requires energy because it involves the formation of a vesicle, which requires the cell to expend energy to change its shape and membrane composition. In contrast, simple diffusion and osmosis are passive processes that do not require energy, as they involve the movement of molecules or water down their concentration gradients. Facilitated diffusion also does not require energy, as it relies on the use of transport proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Osmosis involves the diffusion of ____________________into the cell.
- A.
Ions
- B.
Sugar
- C.
Water
- D.
Nutrients
Correct Answer
C. WaterExplanation
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, the correct answer is water because osmosis involves the diffusion of water into the cell.Rate this question:
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- 46.
A hypotonic condition is one in which the external environment has a higher solute concentration than the cell's internal environment.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A hypotonic condition is actually the opposite of what is described in the statement. In a hypotonic condition, the external environment has a lower solute concentration than the cell's internal environment. This causes water to move into the cell, potentially leading to cell swelling or bursting. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 47.
In a hypertonic environment, ______________________________.
- A.
There is no net flow of water across the cell membrane and the cell volume remains the same
- B.
Water flows into the cell and the cell swells
- C.
Water flows out of the cell and the cell shrinks
- D.
The cell is destroyed by lysis
Correct Answer
C. Water flows out of the cell and the cell shrinksExplanation
In a hypertonic environment, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. This causes water to flow out of the cell through osmosis, resulting in the cell shrinking. The higher concentration of solutes outside the cell creates a concentration gradient that drives the movement of water out of the cell in order to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane. As a result, there is no net flow of water across the cell membrane and the cell volume remains the same.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following active transport mechanisms involves a membrane carrier protein which binds to a specific molecule and transports it across the membrane with the input of energy? In the process of transport, the molecule is chemically altered or activated for immediate use within the cell.
- A.
Group translocation
- B.
Carrier-mediated active transport
- C.
Phagocytosis
- D.
Pinocytosis
Correct Answer
A. Group translocation -
- 49.
A psychrophile is an organism that functions optimally in a temperature range of 20-40 degrees C.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A psychrophile is an organism that functions optimally in a temperature range of -20 to 10 degrees C, not 20-40 degrees C. Therefore, the given statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The atmospheric gases which most influence microbial growth are oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because oxygen and carbon dioxide are two of the most important atmospheric gases that affect microbial growth. Oxygen is essential for the growth of aerobic microorganisms, which require oxygen for their metabolism. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is important for the growth of autotrophic microorganisms, such as photosynthetic bacteria, that use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon for their growth. Therefore, the presence or absence of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can greatly impact the growth and survival of different types of microorganisms.Rate this question:
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