Medical Terminology - Urinary System

The correct answer is "Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney." Glomerulonephritis refers to the inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. This inflammation can impair the kidney's ability to function properly, leading to symptoms such as blood in the urine, proteinuria, and decreased urine output. If left untreated, glomerulonephritis can progress to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

The correct answer is "Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma". Pyelonephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma, which are parts of the kidney. This inflammation is usually caused by a bacterial infection, and it can lead to symptoms such as fever, flank pain, and urinary tract symptoms. Inability to urinate and tumor of the urinary bladder are unrelated conditions and not associated with pyelonephritis.

Interstitial nephritis is the inflammation of the connective tissue that surrounds the renal tubules. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, autoimmune disorders, and certain diseases. It often leads to impaired kidney function and can present with symptoms like blood in the urine, fever, and swelling. Treatment typically involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, as well as managing symptoms and supporting kidney function.

A catheter is a tube that is used to inject or remove fluids from the body. It is commonly used in medical procedures to deliver medication, drain fluids, or collect samples. Catheters are typically made of flexible material and can be inserted into various parts of the body, such as blood vessels, the bladder, or the urethra. They are essential tools in healthcare settings and are used for a variety of purposes, including urinary catheterization, intravenous therapy, and drainage of fluids or gases.

The term "pyel/o" refers to the renal pelvis, which is the funnel-shaped part of the kidney that collects urine from the renal tubules and funnels it into the ureter. The other options, tongue and uteres, are not related to the term "pyel/o" and are therefore incorrect.

The correct answer is the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that serves as a temporary reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvis and expands as it fills with urine, allowing for the storage of urine until it is excreted from the body through the urethra. The kidney, on the other hand, is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood to form urine, while the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The term "cyst/o" refers to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is an organ in the body that stores urine before it is eliminated from the body. It is a part of the urinary system and is responsible for the storage and release of urine. Therefore, the correct answer is "Urinary Bladder".

The glomerulus is a network of tiny capillaries that forms in the shape of a small ball. It is located in the kidney and plays a crucial role in the filtration of blood. The glomerulus is responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood, which are then processed and eliminated from the body as urine. Therefore, the glomerulus is the correct answer in this case.

The hilum is a depression on the medial border of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit. It serves as the entry and exit point for the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter. This is an important anatomical feature of the kidney as it allows for the transportation of blood and urine to and from the organ.

Renin is a hormone that is secreted by the kidney. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining fluid balance in the body. Renin acts on a protein called angiotensinogen, converting it into angiotensin I, which is then further converted into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels and stimulates the release of aldosterone, another hormone that helps regulate blood pressure. Overall, renin helps to control blood pressure and maintain homeostasis in the body.

The term "meatus" refers to an opening or canal in the body. In this context, it is likely referring to the urethral meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra. The other options, renal artery and urea, do not fit the definition of an opening or canal. The correct answer is "meatus."

The term "Vesic/o" refers to the urinary bladder. This is the correct answer because "Vesic/o" is a combining form that specifically relates to the urinary bladder. The other options, such as "Stone" and "Ketone," do not directly relate to the term "Vesic/o." Therefore, "Uninary Bladder" is the most appropriate explanation for the given term.

The term "Azot/o" refers to nitrogen. Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It is a crucial element for life as it is a component of proteins and nucleic acids. Nitrogen is also a major component of the Earth's atmosphere, making up about 78% of it. Therefore, "Nitrogen" is the correct answer in this context.

Secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure that is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. In this case, the abnormal condition of glomerulonephritis is causing the high blood pressure. Glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease that affects the filtering units of the kidneys, leading to inflammation and damage. This damage can disrupt the normal regulation of blood pressure, resulting in hypertension. Therefore, secondary hypertension is the correct answer in this scenario.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a resistance to its effect on the kidneys. ADH is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, so when it is not secreted adequately or the kidneys are resistant to it, excessive amounts of urine are produced. This leads to increased thirst and frequent urination, which are common symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Therefore, the given explanation correctly identifies diabetes insipidus as the condition associated with the inadequate secretion or resistance to ADH.