Chapter 15: Urinary System Quiz
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Each kidney has a medial ______________________, where in the renal ___________, renal _________, and the ____________ are seen.
Explanation
Each kidney has a medial indentation or hilus, where the renal artery, renal vein, and the ureter are seen. This indentation or hilus serves as the entry point for the blood vessels and ureter, allowing them to enter and exit the kidney. The renal artery brings oxygenated blood to the kidney, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney. The ureter is responsible for transporting urine from the kidney to the bladder.Rate this question:
- 2.
The ____________ are slender tubes running from each kidney to the bladder.
Explanation
The ureter is a slender tube that connects each kidney to the bladder. It is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination.Rate this question:
- 3.
The ____________ is a muscular sac posterior to the pubic symphsis.
Explanation
The bladder is a muscular sac located behind the pubic symphysis.Rate this question:
- 4.
The action of emptying the urinary bladder is called _________.
- A.
Urination
- B.
Peristalsis
- C.
Eversion
- D.
Micturition
- E.
Urochrome
Correct Answer
D. MicturitionExplanation
Micturition refers to the process of emptying the urinary bladder. It is the physiological process that allows urine to be expelled from the body.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys involved in forming urine?
- A.
Calyces
- B.
Medullary pyramids
- C.
Nephrons
- D.
Renal columns
- E.
Renal pelvises
Correct Answer
C. NephronsExplanation
The nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidneys involved in forming urine. They are responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which consist of a glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels, and a tubule. The glomerulus filters the blood, and the tubule reabsorbs necessary substances and excretes waste products. Together, the nephrons play a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance and eliminating waste through urine.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following substances enters the renal tubule by both filtration and secretion?
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Creatine
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Urea
- E.
Water
Correct Answer
B. CreatineExplanation
Creatine is the correct answer because it is both filtered and secreted by the renal tubule. Filtration is the process by which substances pass from the blood into the renal tubule, and secretion is the process by which substances are actively transported from the blood into the renal tubule. Creatine is a waste product that is filtered by the glomerulus and then actively secreted into the renal tubule. This allows the body to eliminate excess creatine from the bloodstream through urine.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The regulation of blood pH by the elimination of excess acids or alkaline substances from the body is accomplished by the:
- A.
Bicarbonate buffer system
- B.
Phosphate buffer system
- C.
Protein buffer system
- D.
Respiratory system
- E.
Renal mechanism
Correct Answer
E. Renal mechanismExplanation
The renal mechanism refers to the regulation of blood pH through the elimination of excess acids or alkaline substances from the body. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the acid-base balance by selectively reabsorbing or excreting ions such as hydrogen and bicarbonate. This process helps to regulate the pH of the blood and maintain it within a narrow range. The other options, such as the bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system, and respiratory system, also contribute to the regulation of blood pH, but the renal mechanism specifically refers to the role of the kidneys in this process.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The notch on the medial surface of the kidney, through which the blood vessels enter and leave the kidney, is called the:
- A.
Calyx
- B.
Hilus
- C.
Renal pelvis
- D.
Renal cortex
- E.
Ureter
Correct Answer
B. HilusExplanation
The correct answer is hilus. The hilus is a notch on the medial surface of the kidney where the blood vessels, including the renal artery and renal vein, enter and leave the kidney. It is also the site where the ureter, which carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, exits the kidney. The hilus serves as a gateway for the blood vessels and ureter, allowing for the transport of blood and urine to and from the kidney.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The uptake of substances from the lumen of the nephrons is known as tubular reabsorption.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tubular reabsorption refers to the process of substances being absorbed from the lumen of the nephrons back into the bloodstream. This is an important step in kidney function as it allows for the reabsorption of essential substances such as water, glucose, and electrolytes. Therefore, the statement that "The uptake of substances from the lumen of the nephrons is known as tubular reabsorption" is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The portion of the nephron closest to the collecting duct is called the glomerulus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The glomerulus is actually the portion of the nephron that is closest to the renal corpuscle, not the collecting duct. The collecting duct is a different part of the nephron that comes after the glomerulus. Therefore, the statement that the portion of the nephron closest to the collecting duct is called the glomerulus is false.Rate this question:
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