A&p Of The Urinary System
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Anatomy and Physiology of the urinary system. All the questions with *** pertain to our class. Some others may loosely, but not as much.
- 1.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 2.What is a kidney composed of? (More than 1 answer) ***
- A.
Outer cortex
- B.
Ureter
- C.
Central medulla
- D.
Internal calices
- E.
Pelvis
- 3.Convex portion (renal hilum) of the kidney is __________ the _____________, artery, and veins exit the _______________.
- A.
Proximal to; rib; ureter
- B.
The point at which; renal pelvis; perenchyma
- C.
The point at which;urine; ureter
- D.
The point at which; renal pelvis; outer cortex
- 4.The kidney lies in the retroperitoneal space. ***
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.The kidney is situated approximately at a 90-angle from the spine adjacent to what levels of the spinal column?
- A.
L1 or L2 to C4
- B.
T8 to L1 or L2
- C.
T12 to L2 or L3
- D.
T12 to C1 or C2
- 6.What surrounds the medulla forming columns and lobules that surround and fill the space between the pyramids? ***
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Parenchyma
- C.
Cortex
- D.
Calices
- 7.What are projected portions between the papillae and fornices called?
- A.
Columns of Berlin
- B.
Columns of Burton
- C.
Columns of Bromen
- D.
Columns of Bertin
- 8.What does the cortex surround? ***
- A.
The renal pelvis
- B.
The bladder
- C.
The medulla of the kidney
- D.
The medulla of the bladder
- 9.What are pale conical shape structures called? ***
- A.
Pyramids
- B.
Cylinders
- C.
Columns
- D.
Bob
- 10.How many minor calyces are there in each kidney? ***
- A.
4-13
- B.
2-3
- C.
8-18
- D.
10-12
- 11.What drains into the minor calices at the tip of the papillae?
- A.
Nephron
- B.
Renal Pelvis
- C.
Medulla
- D.
Ureter
- 12.(calices) Tips are indented by the projecting pyramids.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Minor calices unite to form ______ major calices that join and form the renal pelvis. ***
- A.
4-13
- B.
2-3
- C.
8-18
- D.
10-12
- 14.A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter. ***
- A.
Nephron
- B.
Renal Pelvis
- C.
Cortexes
- D.
Medulla
- 15.Renal Pelvis drains urine from the _________ to the _________. ***
- A.
Kidney; ureter
- B.
Kidney; urethra
- C.
Bladder; ureter
- D.
Bladder; urethra
- 16.What is the functional unit of the kidney? ***
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Calices
- C.
Nephron
- D.
Ureter
- 17.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.Approximately how many nephrons does each kidney have? ***
- A.
1 thousand
- B.
1 million
- C.
10 million
- D.
1.1 billion
- 19.Excretory functions are contained largely within the cortex.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Excretory functions consist of the ________________.
- A.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- B.
Glomerular filtration
- C.
Ureteropelvic Junction
- D.
Renal corpuscle
- 21.What is the first step in the filtration of blood for urine formation? ***
- A.
Bladder
- B.
Renal corpuscle
- C.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- D.
Glomerulus
- 22.Where does the Glomerulus lay?
- A.
Bladder
- B.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- C.
Bowman's capsule
- D.
Nephron
- 23.What are three basic processes of urine production?
- A.
Glomerular filtration; Tubular reabsorption; tubular secretion
- B.
Proximal convolution, Glomular filtration, tubular secretion
- C.
Tubular reabsorption, Proximal convolution; tubular secretion
- D.
Proximal convolution; Secretary filtration, tubular secretion
- 24.
- A.
Sodium,
- B.
Bicarbonate
- C.
Potassium
- D.
Glucose
- E.
Water
- 25.What encases the glomerulus? ***
- A.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- B.
Bowman's capsule
- C.
Distal convoluted tubule
- D.
Loop of Henle
- 26.The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately how much of the water and solutes?
- A.
100%
- B.
99%
- C.
87%
- D.
64%
- 27.In a healthy individual, the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately how much of the glucose? ***
- A.
100%
- B.
99%
- C.
87%
- D.
64%
- 28.The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately how much of the amino acids?
- A.
0%
- B.
99%
- C.
87%
- D.
64%
- 29.What does the proximal convoluted tubule resist reabsorbing?***
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Amino acids
- C.
Nitrogeneous waste
- 30.What is the mechanism for further reabsorption of water that effects the concentration of the urine? ***
- A.
Distal convoluted tubule
- B.
Minor calyx
- C.
Proximal convoluted tubule
- D.
Loop of Henle
- 31.In the decending limb of the Loop of Henle, _______ is/are actively secreted as ______ is/are passively reabsorbed. ***
- A.
Saccarin ions, water
- B.
Sodium ions, water
- C.
Phosphoric waste, water
- D.
Phenalphaline ions, water
- 32.The descending limb of the loop disallows the reabsorption of water. ***
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 33.If sodium concentration is too ________, the bottom of the loop of Henle will selectively reabsorb water causing urine concentration.
- A.
High
- B.
Low
- 34.What hormone influences the permeability of the tubular cells to water? ***
- A.
Antidiurectic
- B.
Excretory
- C.
Testosterone
- D.
Adrenal
- 35.Distal convoluted tubule:As fluid flows along the ____________ and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials such as waste, drugs, and ________ into the fluid.
- A.
Fallopian tubules; sodium
- B.
Renal tubule; sodium
- C.
Fallopian tubules; excess ions
- D.
Renal tubule; excess ions
- 36.What consists of the collecting tubule which empties its contents through the tip of a pyramid into the minor calyx?
- A.
Distal convoluted tubule
- B.
Excretory function
- C.
Secretory function
- D.
Arterial supply
- 37.What is arterial supply?
- A.
Paired with the arteries, but any of them will drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off.
- B.
One renal artery, a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis, and the renal vein.
- C.
Maintain the internal homeostatic environment of the body by the regulation of the hydrogen ion.
- D.
Regulates electrolyte concentrations, controls blood volume, and regulates blood pressure.
- 38.Arterial supply divides into anterior and posterior branches.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.What is venous supply?
- A.
Paired with the arteries, but any of them will drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off.
- B.
One renal artery, a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis, and the renal vein.
- C.
Maintain the internal homeostatic environment of the body by the regulation of the hydrogen ion.
- D.
Regulates electrolyte concentrations, controls blood volume, and regulates blood pressure.
- 40.The kidney maintains the internal homeostatic environment of the body by regulation of the ______.
- A.
Amino acids
- B.
Hydrogen ion
- C.
Sodium concentration
- D.
Sodium ion
- 41.What excretes unneeded end products of metabolic function, including creatinine, urea, uric acid, nitrates, and phenol? (best answer) ***
- A.
Kidney
- B.
Renal pelvis
- C.
Gall bladder
- D.
Ureters
- 42.The kidney provides long term regulation of acid-based balance by selective _________ or __________ of hydrogen ions.
- A.
Use, disuse
- B.
Excretion, secretion
- C.
Excretion, reabsorption
- D.
Use, excretion
- 43.The kidney regulates __________, controls ____________, and regulates__________.
- A.
Blood volume, electrolyte concentrations, blood pressure
- B.
Electrolyte concentrations, blood volume, blood pressure
- 44.A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter ***
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Ureters
- C.
Bladder
- D.
Urethra
- 45.Narrow muscular tubes that originate at the lower portion of the renal pelvis, and terminate in the bladder wall
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Bladder
- D.
Ureters
- 46.Transport urine from kidney to the bladder before expulsion from the body by peristalsis. ***
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Ureters
- D.
Bladder
- 47.Reservoir for urine ***
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Ureters
- D.
Bladder
- 48.Hollow, muscular organ that lies in the true pelvis. ***
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Kidney
- C.
Ureters
- D.
Bladder
- 49.What drains urine from the kidney into the ureter?
- A.
Renal pelvis
- B.
Bladder
- C.
Ureter
- D.
Urethra
- 50.The ureters are ______ to _________ long and follow a smooth S curve.
- A.
24-30 inches
- B.
10-20 inches
- C.
24-30 cm
- D.
10-20 cm
- 51.Which ureter is slightly longer than the other?
- A.
Left
- B.
Right
- 52.Choose the three areas of narrowing in the ureters
- A.
Ureteroplevic junction
- B.
Ureteroisotopic junction
- C.
Ureteroiliac junction
- D.
Ureteroventrical junction
- E.
Ureterovesical junction
- 53.What is the size and shape of the bladder dependant on?
- A.
Gender, fullness
- B.
Gender, age
- C.
Fullness, age
- D.
Fullness, race
- 54.Forms a portion of the urethra
- A.
Apex
- B.
Base
- C.
Superior right and left inferolateral surfaces
- D.
Bladder neck
- 55.Triangular in shape, and defined by the borders of the trigone
- A.
Apex
- B.
Base
- C.
Superior right and left inferolateral surfaces
- D.
Bladder neck
- 56.Oriented toward the abdominal wall
- A.
Apex
- B.
Base
- C.
Superior right and left inferolateral surfaces
- D.
Bladder neck
- 57.What is the capacity of the adult bladder?
- A.
300-400 ml
- B.
400-500 ml
- C.
500-600 ml
- D.
600-700 ml
- 58.A conduit for urine or semen, and its posterior segment serves as a sphincter mechanism in preventing urinary leakage during bladder filing and storage
- A.
Bladder
- B.
Kidney
- C.
Ureter
- D.
Urethra
- 59.The urethra is a hollow tube that originates at the bladder neck and terminates at ___________
- A.
The penis
- B.
The kidney
- C.
The external meatus
- D.
The scrotal sac
- 60.How long is the male urethra? ***
- A.
30 cm
- B.
10 cm
- C.
18-20 cm
- D.
20-30 cm
- 61.During ejaculation, the smooth muscle of the __________ contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder.
- A.
Urethra
- B.
Bladder neck
- C.
Renal pelvis
- D.
Prostate
- 62.The male urethra originates at the __________, transverse through the ____________, and end at the __________.
- A.
Glans penis; prostate; bladder neck
- B.
Bladder neck; glans penis; prostate
- C.
Bladder neck; prostate; glans penis
- D.
Prostate; bladder neck; glans penis
- 63.The external meatus forms a vertical slit approximately ______ long.
- A.
6 mm
- B.
2-5 cm
- C.
3 cm
- D.
8 mm
- 64.Originates at the bladder neck and is composed of a prostatic and membranous portion
- A.
Posterior urethra
- B.
Anterior urethra
- 65.Segment most distal from the bladder.
- A.
Posterior urethra
- B.
Anterior urethra
- 66.Prostatic urethra is in what part?
- A.
Posterior urethra
- B.
Anterior urethra
- 67.Membranous urethra is in what part?
- A.
Posterior urethra
- B.
Anterior urethra
- 68.Approximately how long is the prostatic urethra?
- A.
23 cm long
- B.
8 mm long
- C.
3 cm long
- D.
2-5 cm long
- 69.Approximately how long is the membranous urethra?
- A.
23 cm long
- B.
8 mm long
- C.
3 cm long
- D.
2-5 cm long
- 70.The anterior urethra tunnels through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, and ends at the glans penis
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 71.How long is the anterior urethra?
- A.
23 cm
- B.
3.5 to 5.5 cm
- C.
8 mm
- D.
15 cm
- 72.How long is the female urethra? ***
- A.
2-3 cm
- B.
3-4 cm
- C.
3-4 mm
- D.
1-5 cm
- 73.Where does the female urethra lie? ***
- A.
Beneath the external urethral sphincter
- B.
Beneath the urethral sphincter
- C.
Beneath the pubic symphysis (bound to anterior vaginal wall)
- D.
Above the urogenital diaphragm
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