A&p Of The Urinary System

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Quizzes Created: 11 | Total Attempts: 42,398

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1/73 Questions

The kidney lies in the retroperitoneal space. ***
- True
- False

About This Quiz

The urinary system contains kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The principal purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body. It also controls blood volume and blood pressure, regulates electrolytes and metabolites, and controls blood pH. If you need to comprehend more regarding the urinary system, try this quiz.

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2.

What is the functional unit of the kidney? ***
- Medulla
- Calices
- Nephron
- Ureter
Correct Answer

A. Nephron

Explanation

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Nephrons are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and producing urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which consist of a glomerulus, a tubule, and associated blood vessels. The nephron is essential for maintaining the body's fluid balance, regulating electrolyte levels, and removing waste products through urine formation. The other options, such as medulla, calices, and ureter, are not the functional units of the kidney but rather different structures or components within the kidney.

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3.

Reservoir for urine ***
- Renal pelvis
- Urethra
- Ureters
- Bladder
Correct Answer

A. Bladder

Explanation

The bladder is the correct answer because it is the organ that serves as a reservoir for urine. It collects and stores urine that is produced by the kidneys before it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The renal pelvis, ureters, and urethra are also involved in the urinary system, but they do not specifically function as a reservoir for urine like the bladder does.

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4.

What does the cortex surround? ***
- The renal pelvis
- The bladder
- The medulla of the kidney
- The medulla of the bladder
Correct Answer

A. The medulla of the kidney

Explanation

The cortex surrounds the medulla of the kidney. The kidney is composed of an outer layer called the cortex and an inner region called the medulla. The cortex contains the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules, while the medulla contains the renal pyramids and the collecting ducts. The cortex surrounds and protects the medulla, playing a crucial role in the filtration and reabsorption of waste products and water in the kidney.

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1
5.

What are three basic processes of urine production?
- Glomerular filtration; Tubular reabsorption; tubular secretion
- Proximal convolution, Glomular filtration, tubular secretion
- Tubular reabsorption, Proximal convolution; tubular secretion
- Proximal convolution; Secretary filtration, tubular secretion
Correct Answer

A. Glomerular filtration; Tubular reabsorption; tubular secretion

Explanation

The correct answer is Glomerular filtration; Tubular reabsorption; tubular secretion. These three processes are the main steps involved in urine production in the kidneys. Glomerular filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to form a fluid called filtrate. Tubular reabsorption takes place in the renal tubules, where useful substances like water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Tubular secretion involves the transfer of waste products, drugs, and excess ions from the bloodstream into the renal tubules to be eliminated in urine.

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6.

(calices) Tips are indented by the projecting pyramids.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The statement is true because calices, which are the small cup-shaped structures in the kidney that collect urine, are indeed indented by the projecting pyramids. The pyramids, also known as renal pyramids, are triangular structures in the kidney that contain collecting ducts and loop of Henle. These pyramids project into the calices, creating an indented appearance. Therefore, the statement is correct.

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7.

What encases the glomerulus? ***
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Bowman's capsule
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
Correct Answer

A. Bowman's capsule

Explanation

Bowman's capsule encases the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located in the kidney that filters waste products and excess water from the blood. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and acts as a protective barrier. It collects the filtered fluid, known as the glomerular filtrate, and transports it to the proximal convoluted tubule for further processing in the kidney. The other options listed, such as the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and loop of Henle, are all different parts of the renal tubule system and are involved in the reabsorption and secretion of substances in the urine, but they do not directly encase the glomerulus.

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1
8.

The anterior urethra tunnels through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, and ends at the glans penis
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The anterior urethra does indeed pass through the corpus spongiosum, which is a spongy tissue in the penis. It then terminates at the glans penis, which is the rounded tip of the penis. Therefore, the statement is true.

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9.

What hormone influences the permeability of the tubular cells to water? ***
- Antidiurectic
- Excretory
- Testosterone
- Adrenal
Correct Answer

A. Antidiurectic

Explanation

The hormone that influences the permeability of the tubular cells to water is antidiuretic hormone. This hormone, also known as vasopressin, is released by the pituitary gland and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption. By increasing the permeability of the tubular cells, antidiuretic hormone allows more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the bloodstream, resulting in concentrated urine and preventing excessive water loss from the body.

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10.

A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter ***
- Renal pelvis
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
Correct Answer

A. Renal pelvis

Explanation

The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that is located at the top of the ureter. It collects urine from the major calices, which are small cup-like structures that collect urine from the kidney's minor calices. The renal pelvis then tapers down into the ureter, which carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. This explanation describes the correct answer without explicitly stating it.

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11.

In the decending limb of the Loop of Henle, _______ is/are actively secreted as ______ is/are passively reabsorbed. ***
- Saccarin ions, water
- Sodium ions, water
- Phosphoric waste, water
- Phenalphaline ions, water
Correct Answer

A. Sodium ions, water

Explanation

In the descending limb of the Loop of Henle, sodium ions are actively secreted while water is passively reabsorbed. This means that the body actively transports sodium ions out of the tubule and into the surrounding tissue, while water moves out of the tubule through osmosis. This process helps to concentrate the urine and maintain the body's water balance.

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1
12.

Where does the Glomerulus lay?
- Bladder
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Bowman's capsule
- Nephron
Correct Answer

A. Bowman's capsule

Explanation

The correct answer is Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule in the nephron. It is responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the kidney. The bladder, proximal convoluted tubule, and nephron are all parts of the urinary system, but they are not specifically where the glomerulus is located.

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13.

If sodium concentration is too ________, the bottom of the loop of Henle will selectively reabsorb water causing urine concentration.
- High
- Low
Correct Answer

A. High

Explanation

If the sodium concentration is too high, it means there is an excess of sodium ions in the body. In this case, the bottom of the loop of Henle, which is a part of the kidney responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, will selectively reabsorb water. This reabsorption of water will result in a higher concentration of solutes in the urine, leading to urine concentration.

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14.

Narrow muscular tubes that originate at the lower portion of the renal pelvis, and terminate in the bladder wall
- Renal pelvis
- Urethra
- Bladder
- Ureters
Correct Answer

A. Ureters

Explanation

The correct answer is ureters. The given description states that these narrow muscular tubes originate at the lower portion of the renal pelvis, which is the area where urine collects in the kidney, and terminate in the bladder wall. The ureters are responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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15.

What are pale conical shape structures called? ***
- Pyramids
- Cylinders
- Columns
- Bob
Correct Answer

A. Pyramids

Explanation

Pale conical shape structures are called pyramids.

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16.

A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter. ***
- Nephron
- Renal Pelvis
- Cortexes
- Medulla
Correct Answer

A. Renal Pelvis

Explanation

The correct answer is Renal Pelvis. The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calices and transports it to the ureter. It is located at the center of the kidney and serves as a reservoir for urine before it is expelled from the body.

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17.

Prostatic urethra is in what part?
- Posterior urethra
- Anterior urethra
Correct Answer

A. Posterior urethra

Explanation

The correct answer is "Posterior urethra." The prostatic urethra is a section of the urethra that passes through the prostate gland. It is located in the posterior part of the urethra, which means it is towards the back or rear of the urethra. The prostatic urethra is responsible for transporting urine and semen out of the body.

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18.

Approximately how many nephrons does each kidney have? ***
- 1 thousand
- 1 million
- 10 million
- 1.1 billion
Correct Answer

A. 1 million

Explanation

Each kidney has approximately 1 million nephrons. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the blood to produce urine. The large number of nephrons in each kidney allows for efficient filtration and maintenance of proper fluid balance in the body.

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19.

What drains urine from the kidney into the ureter?
- Renal pelvis
- Bladder
- Ureter
- Urethra
Correct Answer

A. Renal pelvis

Explanation

The renal pelvis is a structure in the kidney that collects urine before it is transported to the ureter. It is located at the top of the ureter and serves as a funnel-like structure that drains urine from the kidney. The urine then passes through the ureter, which is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. The bladder stores the urine until it is ready to be eliminated through the urethra. Therefore, the renal pelvis is responsible for draining urine from the kidney into the ureter.

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20.

Transport urine from kidney to the bladder before expulsion from the body by peristalsis. ***
- Renal pelvis
- Urethra
- Ureters
- Bladder
Correct Answer

A. Ureters

Explanation

The ureters are responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. They do this by using peristalsis, which is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that push the urine along the ureters. Once the urine reaches the bladder, it can be stored until it is expelled from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is ureters.

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1
21.

What does the proximal convoluted tubule resist reabsorbing?***
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Nitrogeneous waste
Correct Answer

A. Nitrogeneous waste

Explanation

The proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney resists reabsorbing nitrogenous waste. This waste includes substances like urea and creatinine, which are byproducts of protein metabolism. The tubule plays a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in urine. While it reabsorbs essential substances like glucose and amino acids, it actively resists reabsorbing nitrogenous waste to ensure their elimination from the body. This helps maintain the body's overall nitrogen balance and prevent accumulation of harmful waste products.

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22.

The left kidney lies lower than the right due to the position of the liver. ***
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The left kidney does not lie lower than the right due to the position of the liver. In fact, the left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney. The liver is located on the right side of the body, and it does not affect the position of the kidneys.

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1
23.

Renal Pelvis drains urine from the _________ to the _________. ***
- Kidney; ureter
- Kidney; urethra
- Bladder; ureter
- Bladder; urethra
Correct Answer

A. Kidney; ureter

Explanation

The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the kidney and funnels it into the ureter. The ureter then carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder. Therefore, the correct answer is "kidney; ureter."

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24.

A conduit for urine or semen, and its posterior segment serves as a sphincter mechanism in preventing urinary leakage during bladder filing and storage
- Bladder
- Kidney
- Ureter
- Urethra
Correct Answer

A. Urethra

Explanation

The urethra is a tube that serves as a conduit for urine or semen. Its posterior segment acts as a sphincter mechanism, preventing urinary leakage during bladder filling and storage. The bladder is the organ responsible for storing urine, the kidney filters waste products from the blood, and the ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Therefore, the correct answer is urethra.

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25.

Segment most distal from the bladder.
- Posterior urethra
- Anterior urethra
Correct Answer

A. Anterior urethra

Explanation

The anterior urethra is the segment of the urethra that is located closest to the external opening of the urinary tract. It extends from the bladder neck to the external urethral meatus. The posterior urethra, on the other hand, is the segment that is located closer to the bladder and extends from the bladder neck to the prostate gland in males and to the urethral sphincter in females. Since the question asks for the segment most distal from the bladder, the correct answer is the anterior urethra.

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26.

Hollow, muscular organ that lies in the true pelvis. ***
- Renal pelvis
- Kidney
- Ureters
- Bladder
Correct Answer

A. Bladder

Explanation

The correct answer is bladder because it is a hollow, muscular organ that lies in the true pelvis. The bladder is responsible for storing urine before it is eliminated from the body. It is located in the lower abdomen and is connected to the kidneys through the ureters.

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27.

What is the first step in the filtration of blood for urine formation? ***
- Bladder
- Renal corpuscle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Glomerulus
Correct Answer

A. Glomerulus

Explanation

The first step in the filtration of blood for urine formation is the glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located in the renal corpuscle. It is responsible for filtering waste products, toxins, and excess water from the blood, allowing only essential substances like nutrients and ions to pass through. The filtered blood then moves on to the proximal convoluted tubule for further processing and reabsorption. The bladder is not involved in the initial filtration process.

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28.

Arterial supply divides into anterior and posterior branches.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The statement is true because the arterial supply of the body does indeed divide into anterior and posterior branches. This division occurs in various regions of the body, such as the brain, where the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries supply blood to different areas. In other regions, such as the upper and lower limbs, the arterial supply also divides into anterior and posterior branches to ensure proper blood flow to different parts of the body. Therefore, the statement is correct.

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29.

Which ureter is slightly longer than the other?
- Left
- Right
Correct Answer

A. Left

Explanation

The left ureter is slightly longer than the right ureter. This is because the left kidney sits slightly higher than the right kidney in the body, causing the left ureter to have a longer distance to travel to reach the bladder.

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30.

Oriented toward the abdominal wall
- Apex
- Base
- Superior right and left inferolateral surfaces
- Bladder neck
Correct Answer

A. Apex

Explanation

The term "apex" refers to the highest or topmost point of something. In the context of the given options, the apex would be the highest point of the structure being described. Since the other options mention specific surfaces or positions, they do not represent the highest point. Therefore, "apex" is the correct answer.

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31.

The male urethra originates at the __________, transverse through the ____________, and end at the __________.
- Glans penis; prostate; bladder neck
- Bladder neck; glans penis; prostate
- Bladder neck; prostate; glans penis
- Prostate; bladder neck; glans penis
Correct Answer

A. Bladder neck; prostate; glans penis

Explanation

The male urethra originates at the bladder neck, which is the opening of the bladder. It then transverses through the prostate, which is a gland located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. Finally, it ends at the glans penis, which is the tip or head of the penis.

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32.

The descending limb of the loop disallows the reabsorption of water. ***
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

ascending limb

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33.

What excretes unneeded end products of metabolic function, including creatinine, urea, uric acid, nitrates, and phenol? (best answer) ***
- Kidney
- Renal pelvis
- Gall bladder
- Ureters
Correct Answer

A. Kidney

Explanation

please say kidney

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1
34.

The kidney is situated approximately at a 90-angle from the spine adjacent to what levels of the spinal column?
- L1 or L2 to C4
- T8 to L1 or L2
- T12 to L2 or L3
- T12 to C1 or C2
Correct Answer

A. T12 to L2 or L3

Explanation

The correct answer is T12 to L2 or L3. The kidney is situated at a 90-angle from the spine, and it is adjacent to the levels of the spinal column between T12 and L2 or L3.

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35.

Originates at the bladder neck and is composed of a prostatic and membranous portion
- Posterior urethra
- Anterior urethra
Correct Answer

A. Posterior urethra

Explanation

The correct answer is the posterior urethra. The explanation for this answer is that the posterior urethra originates at the bladder neck and is composed of a prostatic and membranous portion. This portion of the urethra is located behind the pubic bone and extends through the prostate gland and the urogenital diaphragm. It is responsible for the passage of urine and semen in males. On the other hand, the anterior urethra is the portion of the urethra that extends from the external urethral orifice to the membranous urethra.

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36.

Distal convoluted tubule:As fluid flows along the ____________ and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials such as waste, drugs, and ________ into the fluid.
- Fallopian tubules; sodium
- Renal tubule; sodium
- Fallopian tubules; excess ions
- Renal tubule; excess ions
Correct Answer

A. Renal tubule; excess ions

Explanation

As fluid flows along the renal tubule and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials such as waste, drugs, and excess ions into the fluid.

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37.

What is arterial supply?
- Paired with the arteries, but any of them will drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off.
- One renal artery, a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis, and the renal vein.
- Maintain the internal homeostatic environment of the body by the regulation of the hydrogen ion.
- Regulates electrolyte concentrations, controls blood volume, and regulates blood pressure.
Correct Answer

A. One renal artery, a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis, and the renal vein.

Explanation

The arterial supply refers to the blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the kidneys. In this case, the correct answer states that the renal artery, which is a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis and the renal vein. This is accurate because the renal artery is responsible for supplying blood to the kidneys, allowing them to filter waste products and maintain the body's internal homeostatic environment.

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38.

The kidney provides long term regulation of acid-based balance by selective _________ or __________ of hydrogen ions.
- Use, disuse
- Excretion, secretion
- Excretion, reabsorption
- Use, excretion
Correct Answer

A. Excretion, reabsorption

Explanation

The kidney provides long-term regulation of acid-based balance by selectively excreting or reabsorbing hydrogen ions. This means that the kidney can remove excess hydrogen ions from the body through excretion or retain and reabsorb them when needed to maintain the acid-base balance. This process helps to regulate the pH of the blood and maintain homeostasis in the body.

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39.

Where does the female urethra lie? ***
- Beneath the external urethral sphincter
- Beneath the urethral sphincter
- Beneath the pubic symphysis (bound to anterior vaginal wall)
- Above the urogenital diaphragm
Correct Answer

A. Beneath the pubic symphysis (bound to anterior vaginal wall)

Explanation

The female urethra lies beneath the pubic symphysis and is bound to the anterior vaginal wall. This positioning allows for efficient urine flow and prevents leakage.

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1
40.

The urethra is a hollow tube that originates at the bladder neck and terminates at ___________
- The penis
- The kidney
- The external meatus
- The scrotal sac
Correct Answer

A. The external meatus

Explanation

The urethra is a hollow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It originates at the bladder neck and terminates at the external meatus, which is the opening at the tip of the penis in males. This is where urine is expelled from the body during urination. The kidney is not the correct answer as it is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, not for the termination of the urethra. The scrotal sac is also not the correct answer as it is a pouch of skin that holds the testicles, but it is not directly related to the termination of the urethra.

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41.

Excretory functions are contained largely within the cortex.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

(AKA nephrons)

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42.

Forms a portion of the urethra
- Apex
- Base
- Superior right and left inferolateral surfaces
- Bladder neck
Correct Answer

A. Bladder neck

Explanation

The bladder neck is the correct answer because it forms a portion of the urethra. The bladder neck is the area where the bladder connects to the urethra, and it acts as a valve to control the flow of urine from the bladder to the urethra.

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43.

What surrounds the medulla forming columns and lobules that surround and fill the space between the pyramids? ***
- Renal pelvis
- Parenchyma
- Cortex
- Calices
Correct Answer

A. Cortex

Explanation

In a lot more words than A&Peers need too know

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44.

How long is the female urethra? ***
- 2-3 cm
- 3-4 cm
- 3-4 mm
- 1-5 cm
Correct Answer

A. 3-4 cm

Explanation

A&P class says 3-4 cm. 3.5 to 5.5 cm is urology tech school

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45.

How many minor calyces are there in each kidney? ***
- 4-13
- 2-3
- 8-18
- 10-12
Correct Answer

A. 8-18

Explanation

pyramids as well.

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46.

Minor calices unite to form ______ major calices that join and form the renal pelvis. ***
- 4-13
- 2-3
- 8-18
- 10-12
Correct Answer

A. 2-3

Explanation

The minor calices in the kidney combine to form 2-3 major calices. These major calices then join together to form the renal pelvis.

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47.

The kidney regulates __________, controls ____________, and regulates__________.
- Blood volume, electrolyte concentrations, blood pressure
- Electrolyte concentrations, blood volume, blood pressure
Correct Answer

A. Electrolyte concentrations, blood volume, blood pressure

Explanation

The kidney plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte concentrations, blood volume, and blood pressure. It helps maintain the balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body, which is essential for proper nerve and muscle function. The kidney also controls blood volume by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed or excreted, which in turn affects blood pressure. By regulating these factors, the kidney ensures overall fluid balance and helps maintain homeostasis in the body.

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48.

What is venous supply?
- Paired with the arteries, but any of them will drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off.
- One renal artery, a branch of the aorta, enters the hilum of the kidney between the pelvis, and the renal vein.
- Maintain the internal homeostatic environment of the body by the regulation of the hydrogen ion.
- Regulates electrolyte concentrations, controls blood volume, and regulates blood pressure.
Correct Answer

A. Paired with the arteries, but any of them will drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off.

Explanation

The venous supply refers to the system of veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the organs and tissues back to the heart. In the context of the given options, the correct answer suggests that the venous supply of the kidney is paired with the arteries. This means that there are corresponding veins for the renal arteries that carry blood away from the kidney. Additionally, it states that any of these veins can drain the entire kidney if the others are tied off, indicating that there is redundancy in the venous drainage system of the kidney.

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49.

What is the size and shape of the bladder dependant on?
- Gender, fullness
- Gender, age
- Fullness, age
- Fullness, race
Correct Answer

A. Fullness, age

Explanation

The size and shape of the bladder are dependent on two factors: fullness and age. The bladder can expand and contract based on the amount of urine it contains, so its size will vary depending on how full it is. Additionally, as a person ages, the elasticity of the bladder decreases, causing it to become smaller and less able to hold as much urine. Therefore, both fullness and age play a role in determining the size and shape of the bladder.

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Quiz Edited by
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Mar 28, 2010

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A&p Of The Urinary System

The kidney lies in the retroperitoneal space. ***

Quiz Preview

What is the functional unit of the kidney? ***

Reservoir for urine ***

What does the cortex surround? ***

What are three basic processes of urine production?

(calices) Tips are indented by the projecting pyramids.

What encases the glomerulus? ***

The anterior urethra tunnels through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, and ends at the glans penis

What hormone influences the permeability of the tubular cells to water? ***

A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter ***

In the decending limb of the Loop of Henle, _______ is/are actively secreted as ______ is/are passively reabsorbed. ***

Where does the Glomerulus lay?

If sodium concentration is too ________, the bottom of the loop of Henle will selectively reabsorb water causing urine concentration.

Narrow muscular tubes that originate at the lower portion of the renal pelvis, and terminate in the bladder wall

What are pale conical shape structures called? ***

A funnel-shape structure that originates at the major calices and tapers into the ureter. ***

Prostatic urethra is in what part?

Approximately how many nephrons does each kidney have? ***

What drains urine from the kidney into the ureter?

Transport urine from kidney to the bladder before expulsion from the body by peristalsis. ***

What does the proximal convoluted tubule resist reabsorbing?***

The left kidney lies lower than the right due to the position of the liver. ***

Renal Pelvis drains urine from the _________ to the _________. ***

A conduit for urine or semen, and its posterior segment serves as a sphincter mechanism in preventing urinary leakage during bladder filing and storage

Segment most distal from the bladder.

Hollow, muscular organ that lies in the true pelvis. ***

What is the first step in the filtration of blood for urine formation? ***

Arterial supply divides into anterior and posterior branches.

Which ureter is slightly longer than the other?

Oriented toward the abdominal wall

The male urethra originates at the __________, transverse through the ____________, and end at the __________.

The descending limb of the loop disallows the reabsorption of water. ***

What excretes unneeded end products of metabolic function, including creatinine, urea, uric acid, nitrates, and phenol? (best answer) ***

The kidney is situated approximately at a 90-angle from the spine adjacent to what levels of the spinal column?

Originates at the bladder neck and is composed of a prostatic and membranous portion

Distal convoluted tubule:As fluid flows along the ____________ and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials such as waste, drugs, and ________ into the fluid.

What is arterial supply?

The kidney provides long term regulation of acid-based balance by selective _________ or __________ of hydrogen ions.

Where does the female urethra lie? ***

The urethra is a hollow tube that originates at the bladder neck and terminates at ___________

Excretory functions are contained largely within the cortex.

Forms a portion of the urethra

What surrounds the medulla forming columns and lobules that surround and fill the space between the pyramids? ***

How long is the female urethra? ***

How many minor calyces are there in each kidney? ***

Minor calices unite to form ______ major calices that join and form the renal pelvis. ***

The kidney regulates __________, controls ____________, and regulates__________.

What is venous supply?

What is the size and shape of the bladder dependant on?

In the decending limb of the Loop of Henle, _ is/are actively secreted as is/are passively reabsorbed. ***

Renal Pelvis drains urine from the _ to the _. ***

The male urethra originates at the , transverse through the , and end at the .

Distal convoluted tubule:As fluid flows along the ____ and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials such as waste, drugs, and into the fluid.

The kidney provides long term regulation of acid-based balance by selective _ or __ of hydrogen ions.

The kidney regulates , controls , and regulates.