L.P. Book Medical / Lesson Plan #1 – Bleeding & Shock

The correct answer is "All of the above". This is because the general considerations for bleeding include being aware of the risk of infectious disease from contact with blood or body fluids, recognizing that bleeding can be internal or external, and understanding that uncontrolled bleeding or significant blood loss can lead to shock or death.

The dressing and bandaging function serves multiple purposes. It helps to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound. It also protects the wound from further damage by providing a barrier between the wound and the external environment. Additionally, dressing and bandaging help to prevent further contamination and infection by keeping the wound clean and sterile. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

Abrasions occur when the outermost layer of the skin is damaged by a shearing force. This can happen when the skin rubs against a rough surface or is scraped against something. Profuse bleeding may occur because the blood vessels in the damaged skin are exposed and can be easily injured. The blood from an abrasion is bright red and can spurt out due to the pressure in the vessels. Controlling bleeding from an abrasion can be challenging because the damaged area is often large and difficult to cover or apply pressure to.

Venous bleeding is identified by bleeding that can be profuse, but is easier to control compared to arterial bleeding. This is because venous pressure is lower than arterial pressure. Venous bleeding is characterized by blood oozing from the wound rather than spurting, and the blood is usually bright red and oxygen-enriched.

Penetration or puncture wounds can result in little or no external bleeding, as the skin may not be torn or damaged significantly. However, internally, these wounds can cause severe bleeding, as the underlying tissues and organs may be affected. Therefore, both options a and b are correct, as there may be little or no external bleeding but severe internal bleeding can occur. It is important to be aware of these types of wounds and seek medical attention promptly to assess and treat any internal injuries.

A laceration is a break in the skin of varying depth. This type of injury can result in severe bleeding, making it difficult to control. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both b & c" which means that lacerations can cause severe bleeding and are also breaks in the skin of varying depth.

Arterial bleeding is identified by both bright, red, oxygen-enriched blood and the blood spurting from the wound. This is because arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure, so when an artery is cut, the blood spurts out in a pulsating manner. The bright red color of the blood indicates that it is oxygenated. Therefore, both options a and b are correct indicators of arterial bleeding.

Shock is a condition resulting from inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood to body tissues. It occurs when there is a disruption in the body's normal blood flow, leading to a decrease in oxygen and nutrient supply to the tissues. This can be caused by various factors such as severe bleeding, heart failure, or severe infection. In shock, the body's organs and tissues are unable to function properly, which can lead to organ damage and potentially death if not treated promptly.

Capillary bleeding is identified by both blood oozing from the wound and being dark red in color, as well as bleeding often clotting spontaneously. This means that the blood flows slowly from the wound and has a dark red appearance, and it may also form clots on its own. This is in contrast to arterial bleeding, where blood spurts from the wound.

The first responder must always be aware of the implications of not using body substance isolation. This is because body substance isolation is a set of infection control practices that are used to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. By not using body substance isolation, the first responder puts themselves and others at risk of contracting and spreading infections. Therefore, it is crucial for the first responder to always be aware of the implications and to use body substance isolation to ensure their safety and the safety of others.