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1. Shock can result in tachypnea...

True

False

Shock is a condition in which there is a significant decrease in blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Tachypnea refers to rapid breathing. When a person is in shock, their body tries to compensate for the decreased blood flow by increasing their breathing rate. This is known as tachypnea. Therefore, it is true that shock can result in tachypnea.

Explanation

Shock is a condition in which there is a significant decrease in blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Tachypnea refers to rapid breathing. When a person is in shock, their body tries to compensate for the decreased blood flow by increasing their breathing rate. This is known as tachypnea. Therefore, it is true that shock can result in tachypnea.

2. Your patient was shot mind-line in the back. He is conscious, has a strong/regular radials pulse. VS are as follows: BP of 64/40, HR of 56, O2 SATs of 96% on NRB, RR: 22 BPM. Patient's arms are warm and pink. You notice he is moving both of his arms, but not his legs. You suspect which kind of shock?

Compensated shock

Uncompensated shock

Neurogenic shock

Irreversible shock

Based on the given information, the patient has been shot in the back and is conscious with a strong and regular pulse. However, the patient's blood pressure is low (64/40) and the patient is not moving his legs. These signs suggest neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock occurs when there is a disruption of the autonomic nervous system, leading to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone. This can result in low blood pressure and loss of motor function below the level of injury, which explains why the patient is not moving his legs.

Explanation

Based on the given information, the patient has been shot in the back and is conscious with a strong and regular pulse. However, the patient's blood pressure is low (64/40) and the patient is not moving his legs. These signs suggest neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock occurs when there is a disruption of the autonomic nervous system, leading to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone. This can result in low blood pressure and loss of motor function below the level of injury, which explains why the patient is not moving his legs.

3. Shock Is Best Defined As:

Massive amounts of bleeding due to trauma.

Hypotension as a direct result from blood loss.

Tissue hyper-perfusion secondary to the disruption of blood supply to that tissue.

Tissue hypo-perfusion secondary to the disruption of blood supply to that tissue.

Shock is best defined as tissue hypo-perfusion secondary to the disruption of blood supply to that tissue. This means that shock occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow to the tissues, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, blood loss, or other conditions that disrupt the normal blood supply. Hypotension and massive bleeding are possible consequences of shock, but they are not the best definition of shock itself.

Explanation

Shock is best defined as tissue hypo-perfusion secondary to the disruption of blood supply to that tissue. This means that shock occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow to the tissues, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, blood loss, or other conditions that disrupt the normal blood supply. Hypotension and massive bleeding are possible consequences of shock, but they are not the best definition of shock itself.

4. Uncompensated shock cannot be reversed...

True

False

Uncompensated shock can be reversed. Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's vital organs do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. In the uncompensated stage, the body's compensatory mechanisms are unable to restore normal blood flow and oxygen delivery. However, with prompt medical intervention and appropriate treatment, it is possible to reverse uncompensated shock and restore normal blood flow and organ function. Therefore, the statement that uncompensated shock cannot be reversed is false.

Explanation

Uncompensated shock can be reversed. Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's vital organs do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. In the uncompensated stage, the body's compensatory mechanisms are unable to restore normal blood flow and oxygen delivery. However, with prompt medical intervention and appropriate treatment, it is possible to reverse uncompensated shock and restore normal blood flow and organ function. Therefore, the statement that uncompensated shock cannot be reversed is false.

5. You are responding on an 76 YOM who was involved in an auto-pedestrian accident. Which medication might disguise his compensated shock?

Lipitor due to its effects on the HR

Aspirin due to its effects on the blood’s viscosity.

Metoprolol due to it’s effect on the HR.

Furosemide due to it’s effect on the BP.

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that slows down the heart rate (HR). Compensated shock is a condition in which the body is able to maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs despite a decrease in blood volume. By slowing down the heart rate, metoprolol can help disguise the signs of shock by maintaining an adequate blood pressure. This can be dangerous as it can delay the recognition and treatment of shock, which can lead to further complications. Therefore, metoprolol can potentially disguise compensated shock.

Explanation

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that slows down the heart rate (HR). Compensated shock is a condition in which the body is able to maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs despite a decrease in blood volume. By slowing down the heart rate, metoprolol can help disguise the signs of shock by maintaining an adequate blood pressure. This can be dangerous as it can delay the recognition and treatment of shock, which can lead to further complications. Therefore, metoprolol can potentially disguise compensated shock.

6. Shock results in which of the following changes on the cellular level?

Aerobic Metabolism

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Anaerobic Metabolism

Kreb Cycle Activation

Shock results in a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues, leading to a switch from aerobic metabolism (which requires oxygen) to anaerobic metabolism (which does not require oxygen). Anaerobic metabolism produces energy through the breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. This metabolic shift is a response to the reduced oxygen availability and helps to provide some energy to the cells in the absence of sufficient oxygen.

Explanation

Shock results in a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues, leading to a switch from aerobic metabolism (which requires oxygen) to anaerobic metabolism (which does not require oxygen). Anaerobic metabolism produces energy through the breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. This metabolic shift is a response to the reduced oxygen availability and helps to provide some energy to the cells in the absence of sufficient oxygen.

7. A patient suffering from a pulmonary embolism is suffering from which type of shock?

Distributive Shock.

Cardiogenic Shock

Hypoxic Shock

Obstructive Shock

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries in the lungs, leading to a decrease in blood flow and oxygenation. This obstruction of blood flow can cause a decrease in cardiac output, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. This aligns with the characteristics of obstructive shock, where there is a mechanical obstruction preventing normal blood flow and causing inadequate tissue perfusion. Distributive shock is characterized by abnormal distribution of blood flow, cardiogenic shock is caused by a dysfunction in the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, and hypoxic shock is caused by a lack of oxygen in the tissues.

Explanation

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries in the lungs, leading to a decrease in blood flow and oxygenation. This obstruction of blood flow can cause a decrease in cardiac output, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. This aligns with the characteristics of obstructive shock, where there is a mechanical obstruction preventing normal blood flow and causing inadequate tissue perfusion. Distributive shock is characterized by abnormal distribution of blood flow, cardiogenic shock is caused by a dysfunction in the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, and hypoxic shock is caused by a lack of oxygen in the tissues.

8. Which of the following patients is not experiencing a form of obstructive shock?

56 YOF who has a saddleback PE secondary to knee surgery.

84 YOM who is suffering from an anaphylactic reaction after eating a cookie with nuts it in.

14 YOM with an Asthma exacerbation and pressure on the vena cava due to air trapping.

76 YOF suffering from a thrombus that has lodged in one of her great vessels.

The correct answer is 84 YOM who is suffering from an anaphylactic reaction after eating a cookie with nuts in it. This patient is not experiencing a form of obstructive shock because anaphylactic shock is a form of distributive shock, not obstructive shock. Obstructive shock occurs when there is a physical obstruction that prevents blood flow, such as a saddleback PE or a thrombus lodged in a great vessel.

Explanation

The correct answer is 84 YOM who is suffering from an anaphylactic reaction after eating a cookie with nuts in it. This patient is not experiencing a form of obstructive shock because anaphylactic shock is a form of distributive shock, not obstructive shock. Obstructive shock occurs when there is a physical obstruction that prevents blood flow, such as a saddleback PE or a thrombus lodged in a great vessel.

9. Which of the following is not a form of distributive shock

Septic Shock

Anaphylactic Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Neurogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock is not a form of distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by widespread vasodilation and impaired distribution of blood flow, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance and hypotension. Septic shock is caused by a severe infection, anaphylactic shock is an allergic reaction, and neurogenic shock is a result of damage to the nervous system. In contrast, cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, usually due to a heart attack or severe heart failure.

Explanation

Cardiogenic shock is not a form of distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by widespread vasodilation and impaired distribution of blood flow, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance and hypotension. Septic shock is caused by a severe infection, anaphylactic shock is an allergic reaction, and neurogenic shock is a result of damage to the nervous system. In contrast, cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, usually due to a heart attack or severe heart failure.