Lom Chapter 7-sxs Chapter 20-essentials Chapter 12

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is crucial in preventing complications. PID can lead to the formation of pelvic adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that can cause chronic pain and infertility. Additionally, PID increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, which can be life-threatening. Moreover, untreated PID can progress to peritonitis, an infection of the lining of the abdomen, and septicemia, a severe bloodstream infection. Therefore, all of the listed complications can be prevented by early diagnosis and prompt treatment of PID.

Urinary retention refers to the inability to completely empty the bladder, leading to the accumulation of urine. This condition can be caused by various factors such as obstruction, nerve damage, or weakened bladder muscles. It can result in symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urination, weak urine flow, or a constant feeling of needing to urinate. Therefore, urinary retention is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the concept of urine being held in the bladder.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of deaths attributed to the female reproductive system. It is a type of cancer that develops in the ovaries, which are responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Ovarian cancer can be difficult to detect in its early stages, leading to late diagnosis and a higher mortality rate. It often spreads to other parts of the body before being diagnosed, making it more challenging to treat effectively. Therefore, ovarian cancer is considered the primary cause of deaths related to the female reproductive system.

Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but serious condition caused by a bacterial infection, usually from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The bacteria produce toxins that can enter the bloodstream and cause a severe immune response. In the case of toxic shock syndrome related to tampon use, the superabsorbent fibers in tampons can create an environment for bacteria to grow and produce more toxins. This can increase the risk of developing toxic shock syndrome. Unprotected sexual intercourse and estrogen replacement therapy are not direct causes of toxic shock syndrome.

The correct answer is hypertension, edema, protein in the urine, and convulsions. These symptoms and signs are characteristic of toxemia in pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, edema is the swelling caused by fluid retention, protein in the urine is a sign of kidney damage, and convulsions are seizures that can occur in severe cases. These symptoms indicate a serious condition that requires medical attention during pregnancy.

The first sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump discovered in the testicle. This is because testicular cancer often presents as a painless mass or lump in the testicle. It is important for individuals to regularly perform testicular self-examinations to detect any abnormal changes or lumps in the testicles, as early detection can greatly improve the prognosis and treatment outcomes for testicular cancer. Therefore, if a painless lump is discovered in the testicle, it is important to seek medical attention for further evaluation and diagnosis.

The correct answer is "initial and subsequent history, physical exams, recording of weight, blood pressures, fetal heart tones, and routine UA." Antepartum care involves a comprehensive assessment of the pregnant woman's health. This includes obtaining a detailed initial and subsequent history to monitor any changes or developments throughout the pregnancy. Physical exams are performed to assess the woman's overall well-being and identify any potential complications. Recording weight, blood pressures, fetal heart tones, and routine urinalysis are important in monitoring the health of both the mother and the fetus during the antepartum period.

The lysis of adhesions is a surgical procedure that involves breaking down scar tissue that has formed between organs or tissues. In this case, the adhesions are being performed on either the fallopian tubes or the ovaries. Since the question asks for the correct answer, which is "ovaries," it can be inferred that the lysis of adhesions is performed on the ovaries to remove any scar tissue that may be causing issues or complications.

select the term that is spelled correctly

The correct answer is "all of the above" because a diagnostic evaluation for prostatic cancer typically includes a rectal examination, blood testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. A rectal examination allows the doctor to feel the prostate gland for any abnormalities, while blood testing for PSA can help detect elevated levels of this antigen, which may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. However, the only definitive way to confirm the diagnosis is through a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken from the prostate gland and examined under a microscope.

The statement is true because epididymitis is often caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI) that spreads to the epididymis. By treating UTIs early on, it reduces the likelihood of the infection spreading to the epididymis and developing into epididymitis. Therefore, early treatment of UTIs is an effective prevention method for epididymitis.

Sodium is the correct answer because it is the only substance listed that can be classified as an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing for the conduction of electric current. Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. The other substances listed, such as albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, and glucose, do not possess electrolyte properties.

A ureterocele is a hernia that occurs in the tube connecting the kidney and urinary bladder. It is a condition where the lower end of the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, balloons out and forms a pouch. This can cause obstruction of urine flow and lead to various symptoms such as urinary tract infections, urinary frequency, and pain. Treatment options for ureterocele include surgical intervention to remove or repair the herniated portion of the ureter.

Hemodialysis is the correct answer because it is a method used in an artificial kidney machine to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function. During hemodialysis, blood is pumped out of the body into a machine called a dialyzer, where it is filtered and then returned to the body. This process helps to remove toxins and maintain the balance of electrolytes in the blood.

select the term that is spelled correctly

The correct answer is "all of the above" because all of the mentioned factors - family history, being over age 50, history of exposure to radiation or carcinogens, never having been pregnant or a first pregnancy after age 35, early menarche, and menopause occurring after age 50 - have been identified as risk factors that increase the chances of developing breast cancer in women.

The code 59400 does not include a cerclage procedure. A cerclage is a surgical procedure in which the cervix is stitched closed to prevent premature labor. The code 59400 is specifically for routine obstetric care including antepartum care, delivery, and postpartum care. However, it does not cover the additional procedure of a cerclage.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of morning sickness that is characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is not usually self-limiting and transient, as it can last throughout the entire pregnancy and may require medical intervention. Therefore, the statement is false.

HPV, or Human Papillomavirus, is commonly associated with genital warts and many different types of cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause the growth of warts on the genitals or surrounding areas. Additionally, certain strains of HPV have been linked to the development of various types of cancer, including cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, and throat cancer. Regular screenings and vaccination can help prevent the transmission of HPV and reduce the risk of associated health issues.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition where the prostate gland enlarges, causing various urinary symptoms. One of the common symptoms of BPH is a weak stream of urine, which occurs due to the obstruction caused by the enlarged prostate. Additionally, BPH can also lead to the inability to completely empty the bladder. Therefore, the given answer, "a weak stream of urine with inability to empty the bladder," is correct as it accurately describes the urinary symptoms associated with BPH.

Hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women is highly individualized because the treatment plan needs to be tailored to each woman's specific needs and health conditions. Factors such as the severity of menopausal symptoms, medical history, and personal preferences all play a role in determining the appropriate hormone therapy regimen. What works for one woman may not be suitable for another, so individualization is crucial to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Endometrial cancer can be detected on a routine pap smear, making it an important screening tool for early detection. It is primarily a disease of postmenopausal women, as the risk increases with age and decreased estrogen levels. Additionally, high cumulative exposure to estrogen, such as in women with a history of hormone replacement therapy or obesity, can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer. Therefore, all of the statements are correct and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of endometrial cancer.

The statement is true because a hydatidiform mole is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of placental tissue in the uterus. This abnormal growth can cause symptoms that are similar to those experienced during pregnancy, such as missed periods, enlarged uterus, breast tenderness, and nausea. However, unlike a normal pregnancy, a hydatidiform mole does not result in the development of a fetus.

Nephrolithotomy refers to the surgical procedure of making an incision to remove a renal calculus. A renal calculus is a medical term for a kidney stone. Therefore, the correct answer is "incision to remove a renal calculus." This procedure involves making an opening in the kidney to access and remove the stone, providing relief to the patient and preventing further complications.

Albuminuria is the presence of excessive amounts of albumin, a protein, in the urine. This condition can be an indication of kidney damage or dysfunction, as the kidneys normally filter out waste products and excess substances, including proteins, from the blood. The presence of albumin in the urine can be a sign of kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or other underlying health conditions. Regular monitoring of albumin levels in the urine is important for early detection and management of kidney problems.

select the term that is spelled correctly

select the term that is spelled correctly

The correct code for a fetal non-stress test completed on a 36-week pregnancy is 59025. This code specifically represents the interpretation and report of a non-stress test, which is a common prenatal test to assess the baby's heart rate response to movement. It involves monitoring the baby's heart rate and movement patterns for a specific period of time. Therefore, 59025 is the appropriate code for this procedure.

Anuria is the correct answer because it refers to the absence or lack of urine production. It is a medical term used to describe a condition where the kidneys are not producing urine or producing an extremely small amount of urine. This can be caused by various factors such as kidney failure, urinary tract obstruction, or severe dehydration. Anuria is a serious condition that requires medical attention as it can indicate underlying health issues and can lead to complications if not treated promptly.

Placenta previa is a condition in pregnancy where the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment and encroaches on the internal cervical os, leading to vaginal bleeding. This condition can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby, as it can cause severe bleeding during labor. It usually requires careful monitoring and may require a cesarean section delivery. Abruptio placentae is a different condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. Ectopic pregnancy refers to a pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

The correct answer is "introduction" because the removal of an IUD involves the initial insertion of the device into the uterus. The term "introduction" refers to the act of putting something into a specific place or position, which aligns with the process of inserting or removing an IUD. The other options (removal, excision, manipulation) do not accurately describe the act of removing an IUD.

When coding a service for an amniocentesis, it is expected to use a code from the female genital system subsection, as the procedure involves accessing the amniotic sac through the female reproductive system. Additionally, a code from the radiology section should be used, as imaging techniques such as ultrasound are commonly used during the procedure to guide the needle insertion and monitor the fetus. Therefore, the correct answer is radiology.

The treatment of genital herpes is focused on reducing the duration and frequency of outbreaks. While it is not curable, medications can help manage the symptoms and decrease the frequency of outbreaks. This approach aims to improve the quality of life for individuals with genital herpes by minimizing the discomfort and inconvenience caused by outbreaks. Additionally, reducing the frequency of outbreaks can also help in preventing transmission of the virus to others.

Testicular cancer is actually most common in young and middle-aged men, typically between the ages of 15 and 40. While it can occur in older men, it is not the most common age group affected by this type of cancer.

The term "glomerular" refers to small balls of capillaries in the kidney. This is the correct answer because the glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine. The other options, such as a tube in the bladder or a collecting chamber in the kidney, do not accurately describe the term "glomerular".

Nephrosclerosis refers to the hardening of blood vessels in the kidney. This condition occurs due to the deposition of fatty materials, calcium, and other substances in the blood vessels, leading to their narrowing and reduced blood flow. As a result, the kidney's ability to filter waste and regulate fluid balance is compromised. Symptoms may include high blood pressure, proteinuria (presence of protein in urine), and decreased kidney function. Treatment options aim to manage underlying conditions, such as hypertension, and prevent further damage to the kidneys.

A radical vulvectomy is not the removal of greater than 80% of the vulvar area. It is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire vulva, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and sometimes the underlying tissues. It is typically performed in cases of advanced vulvar cancer or other serious conditions affecting the vulva.

The correct answer is ovary. The question is asking about the progression of anatomy in the female genital system subsection. The anatomy starts with the vulva and then progresses upward to the ovary. The fallopian tube, uterus, and perineum are not mentioned in relation to the progression of anatomy in this subsection.

Human papillomavirus virus (HPV) is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. This is because HPV is highly contagious and can be transmitted through various sexual activities. Additionally, many people infected with HPV may not show any symptoms, leading to the widespread transmission of the virus. HPV can also lead to various health complications, including genital warts and certain types of cancers. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness about HPV and promote safe sexual practices to prevent its spread.

Syphilis can be cured with a course of antibiotic therapy. This means that if a person is diagnosed with syphilis, they can be treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection from their body. Antibiotics are effective in killing the bacteria that cause syphilis and can help prevent further complications or transmission of the disease. It is important for individuals who are diagnosed with syphilis to seek medical treatment and complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed by their healthcare provider.

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Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste product that is produced in the body as a result of muscle metabolism. It is formed from the breakdown of creatine, which is found in muscle tissue. Creatinine is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. The level of creatinine in the blood is used as an indicator of kidney function, as impaired kidney function can lead to a buildup of creatinine in the blood. Therefore, creatinine is the correct answer as it is a nitrogenous waste product.

Lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses shock waves to break down urinary tract stones. It is a non-invasive technique where the shock waves are generated outside the body and then directed towards the stones. These shock waves create vibrations that cause the stones to break into smaller pieces, making it easier for them to pass through the urinary tract and be eliminated from the body. This method is preferred over invasive surgeries as it reduces the risk of complications and allows for a quicker recovery.

The given statement is false. The code 17000 does not represent the destruction of a vaginal lesion. This code is actually used for the destruction of a single benign or premalignant lesion, such as a skin tag or wart. It is not specific to vaginal lesions.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because loop electrode excision procedures can be referred to as LEEP, LETZ, or cervical loop diathermy. These terms are all used interchangeably to describe the same procedure, which involves using a thin wire loop to remove abnormal cells from the cervix.

The correct answer is "all of the above". This is because the pathologic outcomes of endometriosis can include functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, changes that result from menopause, and fluid-filled sacs that form on or near the ovaries.

Perivesical refers to the area surrounding the urinary bladder. It is the correct answer because the other options (perinephric, perivisceral, infrarenal, suprarenal) do not specifically pertain to the bladder but rather to other anatomical structures.

KUB stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. A KUB x-ray is a diagnostic imaging test that helps visualize the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is commonly used to detect kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and other abnormalities in the urinary tract. Renal ultrasonography is another imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract. Cystoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) is a blood test that measures the level of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, in the blood. Renal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure where a machine filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by insufficient production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland, leading to excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urine production (polyuria). This condition does not involve the presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria), which is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the correct answer is glycosuria.

A renal abscess is a collection of pus in the kidney, usually caused by a bacterial infection. Pyuria refers to the presence of white blood cells in the urine, which is a common sign of infection. Therefore, it is likely that a renal abscess may lead to pyuria as a result of the infection present in the kidney.

The given list consists of different substances and their corresponding pH levels. The term "alkaline" refers to substances that have a pH level higher than 7, indicating that they are basic. Since the word "basic" is mentioned in the list, it can be inferred that the answer is referring to the pH level of alkaline substances.

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by a group of symptoms including edema (swelling), proteinuria (presence of excess protein in urine), and hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood). This condition is typically caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein. Renal ischemia refers to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, essential hypertension is high blood pressure without a known cause, polycystic kidney is a genetic disorder causing the growth of cysts in the kidneys, and diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels.

According to the text, vulvectomy codes are divided based on the size and extent of vulvar area removed during the procedure. This means that the codes for vulvectomy procedures are categorized based on the size of the area that is removed, indicating the extent of the surgery.

Invasive cervical cancer is often considered a preventable disease because it is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular screening tests such as Pap smears and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in the cervix early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of the development of invasive cancer. Additionally, vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, through screening and vaccination, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer can be greatly reduced, making it a preventable disease.

The diagnosis of PID may include a Gram stain and sensitivity studies, which involve examining a sample of vaginal discharge for the presence of bacteria and determining which antibiotics are effective against them. A laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, may also be performed to directly visualize the pelvic organs and look for signs of inflammation or infection. Ultrasonography, a non-invasive imaging technique, can be used to assess the reproductive organs and detect any abnormalities. Therefore, all of the mentioned methods can be used in the diagnosis of PID.

Azotemia refers to an increased level of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to effectively filter these waste products from the body. Uremia, on the other hand, is a condition that arises from the build-up of these waste products in the blood, leading to various symptoms including dysuria (painful urination). Although dysuria can be a symptom of uremia, azotemia is a more specific term that directly relates to the increased levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Therefore, azotemia is the correct answer in this case.

High levels of ketones in the blood can lead to acidosis. This is because the presence of ketones indicates that the body is breaking down fats for energy instead of glucose. This process, known as ketosis, can occur in conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes or starvation. When ketones accumulate in the blood, it can cause an imbalance in the body's pH levels, leading to acidosis. Acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of acid in the blood, which can have various health implications and can be potentially life-threatening if left untreated.

Colpocentesis is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical procedure of making an incision in the vagina to gain access to the peritoneal cul-de-sac. This procedure is commonly performed to explore or drain an abscess in the pelvic area. Perineoplasty is a surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct the perineum, colpocleisis is a procedure to close or partially close the vaginal canal, and oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

If a patient has had a previous cesarean delivery and then delivers vaginally, the correct code would be 59610. This code is used to indicate a vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean delivery. The other options (59400, 59410, 59618) do not specifically address the scenario of a previous cesarean delivery followed by a vaginal delivery.

The correct answer is "pyel/o". Pyel/o refers to the renal pelvis, which is the funnel-shaped part of the kidney that collects urine before it passes through the ureter.

Diagnostic amniocentesis does not involve radiologic supervision and interpretation. It is a procedure performed by a healthcare provider, usually an obstetrician, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. The purpose of diagnostic amniocentesis is to obtain genetic information about the fetus, such as detecting chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders. The fluid sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis and interpretation by genetic specialists, not radiologists. Therefore, the statement is false.

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The incision and drainage of Skene's glands, Bartholin's glands, Weber's glands, and Virchow's glands are not reported using female genital system codes. Instead, they are reported using surgery section, urinary system codes.

The correct answer is Trigone. The trigone is a triangular-shaped area in the urinary bladder that is formed by the two ureteral openings and the urethral opening. It is important because it acts as a funnel to direct urine flow from the ureters into the urethra. The trigone is also smooth and relatively free of muscle, which helps prevent urine from being trapped and causing infections.

The correct answer is E/M. E/M stands for Evaluation and Management, which includes reporting additional professional services for medical complications of pregnancy. This section or subsection of codes is specifically designed for documenting and billing for the evaluation and management of patients, including pregnant women with complications. It encompasses a wide range of services, such as office visits, consultations, and hospital visits, that are necessary for managing and treating medical conditions during pregnancy.

The given statement is false. Fibroadenoma is actually a benign tumor of the breast, not a malignant one. It is a common condition that is typically painless and noncancerous.