Lom Chapter 7-sxs Chapter 20-essentials Chapter 12
Review week one mod 3.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Portion of the urinary bladder:
- A.
Pylorus
- B.
Hilum
- C.
Trigone
- D.
Medulla
- E.
Fundus
Correct Answer
C. TrigoneExplanation
The correct answer is Trigone. The trigone is a triangular-shaped area in the urinary bladder that is formed by the two ureteral openings and the urethral opening. It is important because it acts as a funnel to direct urine flow from the ureters into the urethra. The trigone is also smooth and relatively free of muscle, which helps prevent urine from being trapped and causing infections.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Glomerular:
- A.
Pertaining to a tube in the bladder
- B.
Pertaining to small balls of capillaries in the kidney
- C.
Pertaining to a collecting chamber in the kidney
- D.
Pertaining to a tube leading from the kidney to the bladder
- E.
Pertaining to the urinary bladder
Correct Answer
B. Pertaining to small balls of capillaries in the kidneyExplanation
The term "glomerular" refers to small balls of capillaries in the kidney. This is the correct answer because the glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine. The other options, such as a tube in the bladder or a collecting chamber in the kidney, do not accurately describe the term "glomerular".Rate this question:
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- 3.
Meatal stenosis:
- A.
Enalrgement of an opening
- B.
Incision of an opening
- C.
Stoppage of blood flow to the kidney
- D.
Narrowing of the urethral opening to the outside of the body
- E.
Widening of the bladder orifice
Correct Answer
D. Narrowing of the urethral opening to the outside of the bodyExplanation
Meatal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the urethral opening to the outside of the body. This condition occurs when the meatus, the external opening of the urethra, becomes abnormally narrow. It can lead to difficulties in urination, such as a weak urine stream or pain during urination. Treatment options for meatal stenosis may include dilation of the meatus or surgical correction to widen the opening.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Electrolyte:
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Albumin
- C.
Bilirubin
- D.
Creatinine
- E.
Glucose
Correct Answer
A. SodiumExplanation
Sodium is the correct answer because it is the only substance listed that can be classified as an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing for the conduction of electric current. Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. The other substances listed, such as albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, and glucose, do not possess electrolyte properties.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Nitrogenous waste:
- A.
Creatinine
- B.
Lipid
- C.
Fatty acid
- D.
Sugar
- E.
Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. CreatinineExplanation
Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste product that is produced in the body as a result of muscle metabolism. It is formed from the breakdown of creatine, which is found in muscle tissue. Creatinine is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. The level of creatinine in the blood is used as an indicator of kidney function, as impaired kidney function can lead to a buildup of creatinine in the blood. Therefore, creatinine is the correct answer as it is a nitrogenous waste product.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Renal pelvis:
- A.
Nephr/o
- B.
Cyst/o
- C.
Pyel/o
- D.
Ren/o
- E.
Py/o
Correct Answer
C. Pyel/oExplanation
The correct answer is "pyel/o". Pyel/o refers to the renal pelvis, which is the funnel-shaped part of the kidney that collects urine before it passes through the ureter.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A term that means no urine production is:
- A.
Diuresis
- B.
Anuria
- C.
Nocturia
- D.
Voiding
- E.
Micturition
Correct Answer
B. AnuriaExplanation
Anuria is the correct answer because it refers to the absence or lack of urine production. It is a medical term used to describe a condition where the kidneys are not producing urine or producing an extremely small amount of urine. This can be caused by various factors such as kidney failure, urinary tract obstruction, or severe dehydration. Anuria is a serious condition that requires medical attention as it can indicate underlying health issues and can lead to complications if not treated promptly.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Surrounding the urinary bladder:
- A.
Perinephric
- B.
Perivisceral
- C.
Perivesical
- D.
Infrarenal
- E.
Suprarenal
Correct Answer
C. PerivesicalExplanation
Perivesical refers to the area surrounding the urinary bladder. It is the correct answer because the other options (perinephric, perivisceral, infrarenal, suprarenal) do not specifically pertain to the bladder but rather to other anatomical structures.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Uremia:
- A.
Dysuria
- B.
Azotemia
- C.
Hemorrhage
- D.
Dysuria
- E.
Cystitis
Correct Answer
B. AzotemiaExplanation
Azotemia refers to an increased level of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to effectively filter these waste products from the body. Uremia, on the other hand, is a condition that arises from the build-up of these waste products in the blood, leading to various symptoms including dysuria (painful urination). Although dysuria can be a symptom of uremia, azotemia is a more specific term that directly relates to the increased levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Therefore, azotemia is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 10.
X-ray of the urinary tract:
- A.
BUN
- B.
Cystoscopy
- C.
Renal ultrasonography
- D.
KUB
- E.
Renal dialysis
Correct Answer
D. KUBExplanation
KUB stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. A KUB x-ray is a diagnostic imaging test that helps visualize the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is commonly used to detect kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and other abnormalities in the urinary tract. Renal ultrasonography is another imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract. Cystoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) is a blood test that measures the level of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, in the blood. Renal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure where a machine filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Oliguria:
- A.
Scanty urination
- B.
Pus in the urine
- C.
Nocturia
- D.
Bacteriuria
- E.
Polyuria
Correct Answer
A. Scanty urinationExplanation
Oliguria refers to a condition characterized by reduced urine output. The term "scanty urination" accurately describes this condition, as it indicates a decrease in the volume of urine produced. The other options, such as "pus in the urine," "nocturia," "bacteriuria," and "polyuria," do not accurately represent oliguria and are therefore incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by all of the following except:
- A.
Glycosuria
- B.
Polydipsia
- C.
Insufficient ADH
- D.
Pituitary gland malfunction
- E.
Ployuria
Correct Answer
A. GlycosuriaExplanation
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by insufficient production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland, leading to excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urine production (polyuria). This condition does not involve the presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria), which is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the correct answer is glycosuria.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Hernia of the tube connecting the kidney and urinary bladder:
- A.
Urethroileostomy
- B.
Herniorrhaphy
- C.
Ureterocele
- D.
Urethrostomy
- E.
Urethrocele
Correct Answer
C. UreteroceleExplanation
A ureterocele is a hernia that occurs in the tube connecting the kidney and urinary bladder. It is a condition where the lower end of the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, balloons out and forms a pouch. This can cause obstruction of urine flow and lead to various symptoms such as urinary tract infections, urinary frequency, and pain. Treatment options for ureterocele include surgical intervention to remove or repair the herniated portion of the ureter.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Artificial kidney machine:
- A.
CAPD
- B.
Hemodialysis
- C.
Renal biopsy
- D.
Renal transplantation
- E.
Lithotripsy
Correct Answer
B. HemodialysisExplanation
Hemodialysis is the correct answer because it is a method used in an artificial kidney machine to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function. During hemodialysis, blood is pumped out of the body into a machine called a dialyzer, where it is filtered and then returned to the body. This process helps to remove toxins and maintain the balance of electrolytes in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Nephrolithotomy:
- A.
Removal of the urinary bladder and kidney stones
- B.
Hardening of a stone
- C.
Removal of the kidney and stones
- D.
Incision to remove a renal calculus
- E.
Bladder calculi
Correct Answer
D. Incision to remove a renal calculusExplanation
Nephrolithotomy refers to the surgical procedure of making an incision to remove a renal calculus. A renal calculus is a medical term for a kidney stone. Therefore, the correct answer is "incision to remove a renal calculus." This procedure involves making an opening in the kidney to access and remove the stone, providing relief to the patient and preventing further complications.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Protein in the urine:
- A.
Albuminuria
- B.
Acetonuria
- C.
Ketonuria
- D.
Hyperbilirubinemia
- E.
Bilirubinuria
Correct Answer
A. AlbuminuriaExplanation
Albuminuria is the presence of excessive amounts of albumin, a protein, in the urine. This condition can be an indication of kidney damage or dysfunction, as the kidneys normally filter out waste products and excess substances, including proteins, from the blood. The presence of albumin in the urine can be a sign of kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or other underlying health conditions. Regular monitoring of albumin levels in the urine is important for early detection and management of kidney problems.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Renal abscess may lead to:
- A.
Nephroptosis
- B.
Ascites
- C.
Pyuria
- D.
Diabetes insipidus
- E.
Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer
C. PyuriaExplanation
A renal abscess is a collection of pus in the kidney, usually caused by a bacterial infection. Pyuria refers to the presence of white blood cells in the urine, which is a common sign of infection. Therefore, it is likely that a renal abscess may lead to pyuria as a result of the infection present in the kidney.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Alkaline:
- A.
PH
- B.
Acetone
- C.
Water
- D.
Acidic
- E.
Basic
Correct Answer
E. BasicExplanation
The given list consists of different substances and their corresponding pH levels. The term "alkaline" refers to substances that have a pH level higher than 7, indicating that they are basic. Since the word "basic" is mentioned in the list, it can be inferred that the answer is referring to the pH level of alkaline substances.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A group of symptoms marked by edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia:
- A.
Renal ischemia
- B.
Essential hypertension
- C.
Polycystic kidney
- D.
Nephrotic syndrome
- E.
Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer
D. Nephrotic syndromeExplanation
Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by a group of symptoms including edema (swelling), proteinuria (presence of excess protein in urine), and hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood). This condition is typically caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to increased permeability and loss of protein. Renal ischemia refers to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, essential hypertension is high blood pressure without a known cause, polycystic kidney is a genetic disorder causing the growth of cysts in the kidneys, and diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels.Rate this question:
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- 20.
High levels of ketones in the blood can lead to:
- A.
Excessive elimination of fats
- B.
Acidosis
- C.
High pH of urine
- D.
Low specific gravity
- E.
Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer
B. AcidosisExplanation
High levels of ketones in the blood can lead to acidosis. This is because the presence of ketones indicates that the body is breaking down fats for energy instead of glucose. This process, known as ketosis, can occur in conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes or starvation. When ketones accumulate in the blood, it can cause an imbalance in the body's pH levels, leading to acidosis. Acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of acid in the blood, which can have various health implications and can be potentially life-threatening if left untreated.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Childhood renal carcinoma:
- A.
Hypernephroma
- B.
Polycystic kidney
- C.
Glomerulonephritis
- D.
Wilms tumor
- E.
Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer
D. Wilms tumorExplanation
Wilms tumor is the correct answer because it is a type of childhood renal carcinoma. It is a malignant tumor that develops in the kidneys, specifically in the cells that give rise to the kidneys during fetal development. Wilms tumor is most commonly found in children aged 3 to 4 years and is rare in older children or adults. It typically presents as a painless abdominal mass and may be associated with other symptoms such as fever, hypertension, and hematuria. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Urine is held in the bladder:
- A.
Pyuria
- B.
Urinary retention
- C.
Polyuria
- D.
Urinary incontinence
- E.
Nocturia
Correct Answer
B. Urinary retentionExplanation
Urinary retention refers to the inability to completely empty the bladder, leading to the accumulation of urine. This condition can be caused by various factors such as obstruction, nerve damage, or weakened bladder muscles. It can result in symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urination, weak urine flow, or a constant feeling of needing to urinate. Therefore, urinary retention is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the concept of urine being held in the bladder.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Test that measures the amount of urea in the blood:
- A.
RP
- B.
CT scan
- C.
Creatinine clearance test
- D.
VCU
- E.
BUN
Correct Answer
E. BUNExplanation
BUN stands for Blood Urea Nitrogen, which is a test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product produced by the liver when it breaks down proteins. The BUN test is commonly used to evaluate kidney function and to diagnose or monitor conditions such as kidney disease or dehydration. A high BUN level may indicate kidney dysfunction, while a low BUN level may suggest liver disease or malnutrition. Therefore, the BUN test is an important tool in assessing overall kidney and liver health.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Nephrosclerosis:
- A.
A test of kidney function
- B.
Loss of protein in the urine
- C.
Prolapse of the kidney
- D.
Hardening of blood vessels in the kidney
- E.
Excess fluid in the kidney
Correct Answer
D. Hardening of blood vessels in the kidneyExplanation
Nephrosclerosis refers to the hardening of blood vessels in the kidney. This condition occurs due to the deposition of fatty materials, calcium, and other substances in the blood vessels, leading to their narrowing and reduced blood flow. As a result, the kidney's ability to filter waste and regulate fluid balance is compromised. Symptoms may include high blood pressure, proteinuria (presence of protein in urine), and decreased kidney function. Treatment options aim to manage underlying conditions, such as hypertension, and prevent further damage to the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Lithotripsy:
- A.
Shock waves crush urinary tract stones
- B.
Panendoscopy
- C.
Renal transplant
- D.
Foley catheterization
- E.
Radioscopic study
Correct Answer
A. Shock waves crush urinary tract stonesExplanation
Lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses shock waves to break down urinary tract stones. It is a non-invasive technique where the shock waves are generated outside the body and then directed towards the stones. These shock waves create vibrations that cause the stones to break into smaller pieces, making it easier for them to pass through the urinary tract and be eliminated from the body. This method is preferred over invasive surgeries as it reduces the risk of complications and allows for a quicker recovery.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Swelling;fluid in tissues:
- A.
Edema
- B.
Edemia
- C.
Ademia
Correct Answer
A. EdemaExplanation
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- 27.
Visual examination of the bladder:
- A.
Cystascopy
- B.
Sistoscopy
- C.
Cystoscopy
Correct Answer
C. CystoscopyExplanation
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- 28.
Hardening of vessels in the kidney:
- A.
Neferosclerosis
- B.
Nephrosclerosis
- C.
Nephroscherosis
Correct Answer
B. NephrosclerosisExplanation
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- 29.
Protein in the urine:
- A.
Albuminuria
- B.
Albuminurea
- C.
Albumenuria
Correct Answer
A. AlbuminuriaExplanation
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- 30.
Stone:
- A.
Calculis
- B.
Calculus
- C.
Calkulus
Correct Answer
B. CalculusExplanation
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- 31.
Excessive thirst:
- A.
Polydipsia
- B.
Polidipsia
- C.
Polydypsia
Correct Answer
A. PolydipsiaExplanation
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- 32.
Collecting area in the kidney:
- A.
Kalyx
- B.
Calics
- C.
Calyx
Correct Answer
C. CalyxExplanation
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- 33.
Inability to hold urine in bladder:
- A.
Incontinence
- B.
Incontinance
- C.
Incontenence
Correct Answer
A. IncontinenceExplanation
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- 34.
Chemical that carries an electrical charge
- A.
Electrolite
- B.
Electricolyte
- C.
Electrolyte
Correct Answer
C. ElectrolyteExplanation
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- 35.
Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cells:
- A.
Erythropoietin
- B.
Erithropoeitin
- C.
Erythropoeitin
Correct Answer
A. ErythropoietinExplanation
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- 36.
Disease of the kidney: nephro____________
Correct Answer
pathyExplanation
The term "nephropathy" refers to a disease of the kidney. The word "pathy" is a suffix commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a disorder or disease. In this case, it is added to the root word "nephro-" which specifically relates to the kidney. Therefore, "nephropathy" accurately describes a disease or disorder affecting the kidney.Rate this question:
- 37.
Incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis: ____________lithotomy
Correct Answer
pyeloExplanation
The correct answer is "pyelo." Pyelo refers to the renal pelvis, which is the part of the kidney where the stone is located. Therefore, an incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis is called pyelolithotomy.Rate this question:
- 38.
Protein in the urine: ____________________uria
Correct Answer
albuminExplanation
Protein in the urine is referred to as albuminuria. Albumin is a type of protein that is normally present in the blood, but when it appears in the urine, it indicates a potential problem with kidney function. The presence of albumin in the urine can be a sign of kidney damage or disease, as the kidneys should normally filter out and retain proteins in the blood. Therefore, albuminuria is a term used to describe the condition of having albumin in the urine.Rate this question:
- 39.
Visual examination of the urinary bladder: _________________scopy
Correct Answer
cystoExplanation
The term "cysto" is derived from the word "cystoscopy," which refers to the visual examination of the urinary bladder. This procedure involves using a cystoscope, a thin tube with a light and a camera, to view the inside of the bladder. By inserting the cystoscope through the urethra, healthcare professionals can diagnose and treat various bladder conditions, such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or bladder cancer. Therefore, "cysto" is the correct answer as it accurately represents the procedure of visual examination of the urinary bladder.Rate this question:
- 40.
Sugar in the urine: _____________uria
Correct Answer
glycosExplanation
The term "glycosuria" is used to describe the presence of sugar in the urine. The word "glycos" is derived from the Greek word for sugar, and the suffix "-uria" refers to the presence of a substance in the urine. Therefore, "glycosuria" is the correct term to describe the condition of having sugar in the urine.Rate this question:
- 41.
Vesic/o
Correct Answer
urinary bladderExplanation
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- 42.
Lith/o
Correct Answer
stone,calcus
stone
calcusExplanation
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- 43.
Ren/o
Correct Answer
kidneyExplanation
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- 44.
Py/o
Correct Answer
pusExplanation
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- 45.
-tripsy
Correct Answer
to crushExplanation
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- 46.
-poietin
Correct Answer
substance that forms
formationExplanation
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- 47.
-sclerosis
Correct Answer
hardeningExplanation
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- 48.
Peri-
Correct Answer
surroundingExplanation
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- 49.
Poly-
Correct Answer
many, much
many
muchExplanation
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- 50.
Dys-
Correct Answer
painfulExplanation
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