Lesson 5 Philosophy

Kant believed that the true essence of a person lies in their ability to make autonomous choices and exercise their free will. According to him, a person's true self is revealed when they are able to act in accordance with their own rationality and moral principles, rather than being influenced by external factors or societal expectations. Therefore, the statement that "For Kant, the real me is a being who can choose or will for himself" is true.

The answer correctly identifies Descartes' Meditations as a series of six short articles/meditations that Descartes wrote in the late 1630's to summarize some of his views in epistemology and metaphysics. This explanation accurately captures the main idea of Descartes' Meditations and provides a concise summary of its purpose and content.

According to Hegel, the self's struggle for freedom refers to the individual's desire and effort to break free from external constraints and achieve autonomy. Hegel argues that this struggle leads to a dynamic relationship between masters and slaves, where the master seeks to dominate and control the slave, while the slave submits and serves the master. This power dynamic arises as a result of the self's quest for freedom, making the statement true.

The correct answer explains that the term "atomistic view" refers to the belief that the self is a distinct entity that exists independently and can be influenced by culture. This perspective suggests that the individual self is separate from the social and cultural influences it experiences.

The given correct answer "To allow" is the most appropriate choice because tolerance refers to the acceptance and respect for the beliefs, opinions, and practices of others that may differ from one's own. In this context, the concept of tolerance implies allowing or accepting the idea that the self is shaped by various social-historical forces. This aligns with the understanding that individuals are influenced by their cultural, historical, and societal contexts, and their identities are not solely determined by their individual choices or characteristics. Therefore, "To allow" accurately captures the essence of tolerance in this context.

The answer provided describes the Sami people, who are a culture of nomadic people living in areas of northern Scandinavia, Finland, and northwestern Russia. The other options mentioned in the question are not related to the Sami people.

The correct answer is "Self." In this episode, the term "self" is being defined as the part of a person that remains consistent or unchanged despite any external changes or experiences. It refers to one's core identity or essence that remains constant throughout life's transformations.

The given answer provides a concise explanation for the term "Romantic Era" by stating that it began around the turn of the nineteenth century in European history. This aligns with the commonly accepted understanding of the Romantic Era, which was a period characterized by a shift in artistic, literary, and intellectual movements. During this time, there was an emphasis on emotions, individualism, and a rejection of rationalism. By specifying the time period and geographical location, the answer accurately captures the essence of the Romantic Era.

The social view of the self suggests that the self is essentially a reflection of its historical-social forces. This means that an individual's sense of self is shaped by the social and historical context in which they live. It recognizes that our identities, beliefs, and behaviors are influenced by the society and culture we are a part of. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social interactions, norms, values, and institutions in shaping who we are as individuals. It highlights the idea that our sense of self is not solely determined by genetic factors, but is instead shaped by the social environment we are exposed to.

The correct answer is "Those features or properties that define as individual as that particular individual." The explanation is that identity refers to the unique characteristics and qualities that make a person who they are. It encompasses both physical attributes and personal traits that distinguish one individual from another. In the given context, identity is being described as something that is influenced by culture, suggesting that cultural factors can shape and influence a person's sense of self.

The answer is "The inclusion of many cultures; tolerance of cultural diversity." This is because multiculturalism refers to the acceptance and inclusion of multiple cultures within a society, promoting tolerance and respect for cultural diversity. It recognizes that different cultures have their own unique values, traditions, and perspectives, and seeks to create an environment where all cultures are valued and celebrated.

The ancient Greeks primarily took an atomistic view of the self, which means they believed that the self is composed of individual, separate and distinct parts. This view suggests that the self is not a unified whole, but rather a collection of independent elements. This perspective can be seen in various aspects of Greek philosophy, such as the teachings of Democritus and Epicurus, who emphasized the importance of individual pleasure and the pursuit of personal happiness. By understanding the self as atomistic, the Greeks focused on individual autonomy and self-interest rather than collective identity or social obligations.

The correct answer is "Applies in every context. To be true in all possible worlds." This answer is the best explanation because it accurately captures the meaning of the term "universal" as described in the given passage. The passage states that universal means something that applies in every context and is true in all possible worlds. Therefore, this answer aligns perfectly with the definition provided in the passage.

Hegel believed that the self is best understood in social views. He argued that individuals develop their sense of self through their interactions and relationships with others in society. According to Hegel, the self is not an isolated entity but rather a product of social and historical contexts. Through social interactions, individuals come to understand their own desires, values, and beliefs, shaping their identity and self-awareness. Hegel emphasized the importance of community and collective consciousness in the development of the self, highlighting the interconnectedness between individuals and society.

not-available-via-ai

The Age of Enlightenment refers to an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century. It was characterized by the belief that reason and rationality could be used to solve intellectual and social problems. The thinkers of this period were optimistic about the power of reason to provide answers and solutions to various issues. This movement emphasized the importance of scientific inquiry, skepticism towards traditional authority, and the promotion of individual rights and freedoms.

Tolerance refers to the acceptance and respect for different beliefs, opinions, and practices. In the context of culture, tolerance can undermine a culture's identity because it promotes inclusivity and openness to diverse perspectives. This can lead to the dilution or blending of cultural traditions and values, making it difficult for a culture to maintain its distinct identity. Therefore, ironically, while tolerance is generally seen as a positive value, it can also weaken a culture's sense of identity.

Descartes' view of the self is an atomistic view because he believed that the self is an individual, separate entity that exists independently from others. He emphasized the importance of individual consciousness and self-awareness, considering the self as a distinct and autonomous being. This perspective contrasts with a social view, which would emphasize the interconnectedness and influence of society on the self, or a biological view, which would focus on the biological determinants of the self.

The given answer correctly defines the term "paradox" as beliefs that are accepted as true but are contrary or contradictory. In this context, it refers to the paradoxical nature of the self being shaped by various social-historical forces. This suggests that the self is not a fixed entity but rather a result of complex interactions and influences, which may seem contradictory or contrary to common beliefs about individual autonomy and agency.

The correct answer is essentially independent of historical-social forces. The atomistic view of the self suggests that the self is primarily shaped by individual genetic factors and is not heavily influenced by historical or social forces. This view emphasizes the autonomy and independence of the self, suggesting that it is not solely formed by external factors but rather has an inherent nature that is separate from societal and historical contexts.

not-available-via-ai

Descartes actually turned away from the company of others and sought solitude in order to discover the truth about himself. He believed that by removing himself from the distractions and influences of society, he could better focus on his own thoughts and reasoning. This is evident in his famous statement, "I think, therefore I am," which reflects his emphasis on individual introspection and self-reflection.

not-available-via-ai

The correct answer is B. The social view. This is because the statements "You have a closeness all the time in Sami families that you don't have in Swedish families" and "To be actually come from the people we do come from, and not flattened out and become something else" both suggest a focus on the social aspects of human beings and the importance of our connections and relationships with others.

Taylor's belief is actually the opposite of the statement provided. According to Taylor, we become full human beings not by withdrawing from others, but by engaging in social relationships and recognizing our interconnectedness with others. He argues that our identity is shaped by our relationships and interactions with others, and that our sense of self is developed through these connections. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The statement "I must acknowledge my belonging before I can understand myself" is not written by Descartes. Descartes is known for his famous quote "Cogito, ergo sum" which means "I think, therefore I am." This quote emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and consciousness in understanding one's existence. However, the given statement does not align with Descartes' philosophy and is therefore false.