Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 3
I created these quizzes to help me study for my A&p exams. This quiz deals with the lower respiratory system.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The lower respiratory tract includes the _______, ________, __________ and ________.
Explanation
The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. The larynx is responsible for producing sound and protecting the airway, while the trachea serves as the main airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree. The bronchial tree branches out into smaller tubes called bronchi, which further divide into bronchioles and eventually lead to the alveoli in the lungs. The lungs are the main organs of respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.Rate this question:
- 2.
The ______ (aka the ________) is an enlargement at the top of the trachea.
Explanation
The larynx, also known as the voice box, is an enlargement at the top of the trachea. It is responsible for producing sound and enabling speech. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate when air passes through them, resulting in the production of sound. Additionally, the larynx plays a crucial role in protecting the airway by closing off during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from entering the lungs.Rate this question:
- 3.
The larynx has three important functions. They are to provide a _________, to act as a _________ to route air and food into the proper channels and for ____________.
Explanation
The larynx has three important functions. It provides a patent area, which means it keeps the airway open and unobstructed. It acts as a switching mechanism, directing air and food into the appropriate channels - the trachea for air and the esophagus for food. Lastly, the larynx is responsible for voice production, allowing us to speak and produce sound.Rate this question:
- 4.
The larynx is composed of a framework of ______ and ____ bound by _________.
Explanation
The larynx is made up of muscles, cartilages, and elastic tissue. These components form the framework of the larynx and are bound together. The muscles in the larynx help control the movement of the vocal cords, allowing for speech and sound production. The cartilages provide support and protection to the larynx, while the elastic tissue allows for flexibility and stretching of the vocal cords during speech and singing. Together, these three components play a crucial role in the functioning of the larynx and the production of sound.Rate this question:
- 5.
______ is named for the gland that covers it and is the shield-like structure that protrudes in the front of the neck.
- A.
Cricoid cartilage
- B.
Artenoid cartilage
- C.
The epiglottis
- D.
Thyroid cartilage
- E.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
D. Thyroid cartilageExplanation
The correct answer is thyroid cartilage. The thyroid cartilage is named after the gland that covers it and is a shield-like structure that protrudes in the front of the neck. It is the largest cartilage of the larynx and helps to protect the vocal cords and support the structure of the neck.Rate this question:
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- 6.
________ is ring-shaped and is the lowermost point of the larynx.
- A.
Cricoid cartilage
- B.
Arytenoid cartilage
- C.
The epiglottis
- D.
Thyroid cartilage
- E.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
A. Cricoid cartilageExplanation
The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped structure located at the lowermost point of the larynx. It is the only complete ring of cartilage in the larynx and serves as a support for the vocal cords. It is connected to the thyroid cartilage above it and the trachea below it. The cricoid cartilage is important for maintaining the shape and stability of the larynx during swallowing and speaking.Rate this question:
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- 7.
_________ is large, leaf-shaped cartilage that stimulates a cough reflex when something other than air enters the larynx.
- A.
Cricoid cartilage
- B.
Arytenoid cartilage
- C.
The epiglottis
- D.
Arytenoid cartilages
- E.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
C. The epiglottisExplanation
The epiglottis is a large, leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the entrance of the larynx during swallowing. It prevents food or liquid from entering the airway and stimulates the cough reflex if something other than air tries to enter the larynx.Rate this question:
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- 8.
_______ is ladle-shaped.
- A.
Cricoid cartilage
- B.
Arytenoid cartilage
- C.
The epiglottis
- D.
Thyroid cartilage
- E.
Hyaline cartilage
Correct Answer
B. Arytenoid cartilageExplanation
The arytenoid cartilage is ladle-shaped.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The thyroid cartilage is composed of ________ and is sometimes referred to as the ________.
Correct Answer
hyaline cartilage, adam's appleExplanation
The thyroid cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage, which is a type of cartilage that provides support and flexibility. It is often called the "adam's apple" because it forms a prominent protrusion in the front of the neck, particularly in males. This term is commonly used to describe the visible and palpable structure in the neck, which is more prominent in males due to hormonal differences.Rate this question:
- 10.
The cricoid cartilage lies ________ to the thyroid cartilage.
Correct Answer
inferiorExplanation
The cricoid cartilage is positioned below or inferior to the thyroid cartilage. This means that the cricoid cartilage is located lower in the neck compared to the thyroid cartilage.Rate this question:
- 11.
The epiglottis usually remains _____ during breathing. This allows air to enter the ________. When eating, it moves upward due to ___________ and the base of the ______ presses the epiglottis _________ which causes it to ______.
Correct Answer
erect, larynx, muscular contraction, tongue, downward, closeExplanation
During breathing, the epiglottis usually remains erect, allowing air to enter the larynx. However, when eating, the epiglottis moves upward due to muscular contraction, and the base of the tongue presses the epiglottis downward. This causes the epiglottis to close, preventing food or liquid from entering the larynx and instead directing it towards the esophagus.Rate this question:
- 12.
The arytenoid cartilage is located ______ to and on the other side of the ________.
Correct Answer
superior, cricoid cartilageExplanation
The arytenoid cartilage is positioned above and on the opposite side of the cricoid cartilage.Rate this question:
- 13.
The ______ are superior folds in the mucous membrane that are located in the larynx.
- A.
True vocal cords
- B.
False vocal cords
- C.
Glottises
- D.
Thyroid cartilages
- E.
Arytenoid cartilages
Correct Answer
B. False vocal cordsExplanation
The false vocal cords are superior folds in the mucous membrane that are located in the larynx. These folds are not involved in producing sound but instead help to protect the true vocal cords and assist in closing off the airway during swallowing.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The false vocal cords are also known as the _________. They are covered by typical ______ and are relatively ________. They do not function in the production of ______ but instead help to prevent foreign objects from entering the ____ and help protect delicate ___________. Muscles within these folds also help close the larynx during _________.
Correct Answer
vestibular folds, respiratory mucosa, sound, glottis, true vocal cords, swallowingExplanation
The false vocal cords are also known as the vestibular folds. They are covered by typical respiratory mucosa and are relatively sound. They do not function in the production of sound but instead help to prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis and help protect delicate true vocal cords. Muscles within these folds also help close the larynx during swallowing.Rate this question:
- 15.
_____ is related to the tension on the vocal chords. The tighter the true vocal cords are pulled by the actions of the ______ the higher the pitch of sounds. The true vocal cords of males are ______ and _______ and thus produce lower tones
Correct Answer
pitch, intrinsic muscles, thicker, longerExplanation
The answer states that pitch is related to the tension on the vocal chords. The tighter the true vocal cords are pulled by the actions of the intrinsic muscles, the higher the pitch of sounds. It also mentions that the true vocal cords of males are thicker and longer, which results in the production of lower tones.Rate this question:
- 16.
The ________ or ______ of a sound is related to the force of the air passing over the cords. _______ sounds are produced by using stronger blasts of air to cause cords to ________. The true vocal cords do not move as we whisper, but when we yell they ________.
Correct Answer
intensity, loudness, loud, vibrate, vibrate vigorouslyExplanation
The intensity or loudness of a sound is related to the force of the air passing over the cords. Louder sounds are produced by using stronger blasts of air to cause cords to vibrate. The true vocal cords do not move as we whisper, but when we yell they vibrate vigorously.Rate this question:
- 17.
The _____ is the triangular opening between the vocal cords that leads into the trachea. When food or liquid is swallowed, it is closed by muscles in the ________. This prevents food/drink from entering the _________.
Correct Answer
glottis, false vocal cords, larynxExplanation
The glottis is the triangular opening between the vocal cords that leads into the trachea. When food or liquid is swallowed, it is closed by muscles in the false vocal cords. This prevents food/drink from entering the larynx.Rate this question:
- 18.
The ________ continues to filter the incoming air and traps particles and moves them upward to the _______ by the action of the ________.
Correct Answer
respiratory epithelium, pharynx, ciliaExplanation
The respiratory epithelium is responsible for filtering the incoming air and trapping particles. These trapped particles are then moved upward to the pharynx by the action of the cilia. The cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures, create a wave-like motion that helps to propel the trapped particles out of the respiratory system.Rate this question:
- 19.
The _____ is a thin-walled tube joining the larynx to the primary bronchi.
Correct Answer
tracheaExplanation
The trachea is a thin-walled tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the primary bronchi in the lungs. It is made up of rings of cartilage that provide support and prevent collapse of the airway. The trachea plays a crucial role in facilitating the passage of air from the upper respiratory tract to the lungs.Rate this question:
- 20.
Another name for the trachea is the _________.
Correct Answer
windpipe
wind pipeExplanation
The trachea is commonly known as the windpipe. It is a tube-like structure that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi in the lungs, allowing air to pass through during breathing. The term "windpipe" is often used interchangeably with "trachea" to refer to this vital respiratory organ.Rate this question:
- 21.
The trachea is _____ inches in length and ___ inches in width.
- A.
5;2
- B.
6;3
- C.
4;1
- D.
7;4
- E.
5;1
Correct Answer
C. 4;1Explanation
The trachea is 4 inches in length and 1 inch in width.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The trachea is very flexible and mobile. It lies anterior to the _____ and is the ______ for _____.
Correct Answer
esophagus, passageway, airExplanation
The trachea is a flexible and mobile structure that is located in front of the esophagus. It serves as a passageway for air, allowing it to travel from the throat to the lungs.Rate this question:
- 23.
The trachea consists of ________ rings composed of ____________. There are about _____ incomplete rings that open __________. These prevent the trachea from _______ and blocking the airway. Gaps on the incomplete rings are filled with _________ and ____. They allow the _______ room to expand into the trachea when swallowing.
Correct Answer
c-shaped, hyaline cartilage, 20 posteriorly, collapsing, smooth muscle, CT, esophagusExplanation
The trachea consists of c-shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage. There are about 20 incomplete rings that open posteriorly. These prevent the trachea from collapsing and blocking the airway. Gaps on the incomplete rings are filled with smooth muscle and connective tissue. They allow the esophagus room to expand into the trachea when swallowing.Rate this question:
- 24.
The mucous membrane of the trachea is made up of _____________ with numerous _________. ______ beat in an upward direction, moving foreign substances trapped in the mucus away from the ______ and to the ______ where they are ________. __________ inhibits and ultimately destroys cilia which means that _______ is the only means of preventing mucus from accumulating in the lungs.
Correct Answer
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, cilia, lungs, pharynx, swallowed, smoking, coughingExplanation
The mucous membrane of the trachea is made up of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, which contains numerous goblet cells. The cilia present in this epithelium beat in an upward direction, effectively moving foreign substances trapped in the mucus away from the lungs and towards the pharynx, where they are swallowed. Smoking inhibits and ultimately destroys cilia, which means that coughing is the only means of preventing mucus from accumulating in the lungs.Rate this question:
- 25.
_______ is a thick layer of CT supporting the mucosa. It contains _____ that open onto the _____ surface.
Correct Answer
submucosa, mucous glands, epithelial surfaceExplanation
The submucosa is a thick layer of connective tissue that provides support to the mucosa. Within the submucosa, there are mucous glands that secrete mucus. These glands open onto the epithelial surface, which is the outermost layer of the tissue.Rate this question:
- 26.
Near the level of the _______ , the trachea divides into two smaller tubes.
- A.
5th intercostal space
- B.
2nd intercostal space
- C.
5th thoracic vertebra
- D.
2nd thoracic vertebra
- E.
3rd thoracic vertebra
Correct Answer
C. 5th thoracic vertebraExplanation
The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs. Near the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra, which is located in the middle of the chest, the trachea divides into two smaller tubes called the bronchi. This division allows air to flow into both lungs, ensuring proper oxygenation of the blood.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The two smaller tubes that the trachea divide into are known as the _________
Correct Answer
primary bronchiExplanation
The trachea, also known as the windpipe, divides into two smaller tubes called the primary bronchi. These tubes are the first branches of the trachea and they lead to each lung. The primary bronchi further divide into smaller bronchial tubes, which continue to branch out and become narrower as they reach the different lobes of the lungs. The primary bronchi are responsible for carrying air from the trachea into the lungs, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
- 28.
The _____ is a cartilaginous ridge located between the openings of the right and left primary bronchi.
Correct Answer
carinaExplanation
The carina is a ridge made of cartilage that is found at the division point between the right and left primary bronchi. It serves as a landmark in the respiratory system and helps to direct the airflow into the correct bronchus.Rate this question:
- 29.
______ (_______) bronchi are the smaller branches of the secondary bronchi.
Correct Answer
tertiary, segmentedExplanation
The correct answer is "tertiary, segmented". Tertiary bronchi are the smaller branches that arise from the secondary bronchi. These tertiary bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles, forming a segmented structure. This segmentation allows for more efficient distribution of air to different regions of the lungs.Rate this question:
- 30.
________ are very small bronchi and each enters a ________ which is the basic unit of the lung.
Correct Answer
intralobular bronchioles, pulmonary lobuleExplanation
In the respiratory system, the bronchi branch out into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The intralobular bronchioles are the smallest bronchioles and they enter the pulmonary lobule, which is the basic unit of the lung. The intralobular bronchioles carry air deep into the lungs, allowing for efficient gas exchange within the pulmonary lobule.Rate this question:
- 31.
________ are tubes that branch from an intralobular bronchioles.
Correct Answer
terminal bronchiolesExplanation
Terminal bronchioles are the tubes that branch from intralobular bronchioles. These bronchioles are the smallest airways within the lungs and are responsible for delivering air to the respiratory bronchioles, which then lead to the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. The branching of the bronchioles allows for the distribution of air to different regions of the lungs, ensuring efficient oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide.Rate this question:
- 32.
Two or more _______ branch from each terminal bronchiole. They are relatively short and since a few air sacs bud from their sides they are the first structures in the sequence than engage in _________.
Correct Answer
respiratory bronchioles, gas exchangeExplanation
The correct answer is respiratory bronchioles, gas exchange. The respiratory bronchioles are the structures that branch from each terminal bronchiole. They are relatively short and have air sacs that bud from their sides. These structures are the first in the sequence to engage in gas exchange, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.Rate this question:
- 33.
______ are branching ducts that extend from each respiratory bronchiole.
Correct Answer
alveolar ductsExplanation
Alveolar ducts are branching ducts that extend from each respiratory bronchiole. These ducts are responsible for carrying air from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar sacs, where gas exchange takes place. The alveolar ducts are lined with smooth muscle and are surrounded by a network of capillaries, allowing for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. Overall, alveolar ducts play a crucial role in facilitating the process of respiration in the lungs.Rate this question:
- 34.
________ are thin-walled closely packed outpouchings of the alveolar ducts. Each one is a common chamber that is connected to multiple individual _______.
Correct Answer
alveolar sacs, alveoliExplanation
Alveolar sacs are thin-walled closely packed outpouchings of the alveolar ducts. Each alveolar sac serves as a common chamber that is connected to multiple individual alveoli. Alveoli are small air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Therefore, alveolar sacs are the structures that lead to the formation of alveoli, which are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.Rate this question:
- 35.
________ are thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that are the actual site of gas exchange. Each lung contains about ______ million of them which gives the lung a ______ appearance.
Correct Answer
alveoli, 150, spongyExplanation
The correct answer is "alveoli, 150, spongy". Alveoli are thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that are responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs. Each lung contains about 150 million alveoli, which gives the lung a spongy appearance.Rate this question:
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 4
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 4
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2
Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2
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