Respiration, Energy Exchange & Transportation Quiz

Mitochondria convert a large amount of energy in the form of ATP. This is because mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP through the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes.

During robust physical activity, the muscles require a lot of energy to perform. This energy is produced through a process called glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. However, when there is not enough oxygen available, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid instead. This lactic acid builds up in the muscles and can cause cramps. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lactic acid & Energy".

Haemoglobin is the correct answer because it is the respiratory pigment in the human body. Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. It also helps transport carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs to be exhaled. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis, not respiration. Water and plasma are not respiratory pigments.

Transpiration is the correct answer because it refers to the process of water evaporating from the aerial parts of a plant, such as the leaves, stems, and flowers. During transpiration, water is drawn up from the roots to the leaves through the xylem vessels and then released into the atmosphere through small openings called stomata. This process helps to regulate the plant's temperature, transport nutrients, and maintain its structure. Respiration refers to the process of converting stored energy into usable forms, while transportation is not a term used to describe the evaporation of water from plants.

Xylem is a specialized tissue in plants that is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the other parts of the plant. It consists of long, hollow cells called vessels that allow for efficient movement of water and dissolved nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is "To transport water and minerals."

Plasma is the fluid medium in blood. It is a yellowish liquid that makes up about 55% of the blood's total volume. Plasma carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, waste products, and antibodies throughout the body. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and regulating body temperature. Lymph is a different fluid that is found outside of the blood vessels, while platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Therefore, the correct answer is plasma.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart to other body organs. They have thick, elastic walls that help to maintain blood pressure and allow for the efficient transport of oxygenated blood to the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues.

A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument specifically designed to measure blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the upper arm and connected to a pressure gauge. The cuff is inflated to temporarily stop the blood flow in the arteries, and then slowly released while the pressure is measured. This allows healthcare professionals to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, which are important indicators of cardiovascular health. Therefore, a sphygmomanometer is the correct instrument for measuring blood pressure.

During anaerobic respiration, the process of respiration takes place without the presence of oxygen. This means that glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is commonly seen in microorganisms and muscle cells when oxygen is limited or not available. The mitochondria, which are responsible for aerobic respiration, do not play an active role during anaerobic respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is "Respiration proceeds without oxygen."

Translocation is the process that transports soluble products of photosynthesis. During translocation, the sugars produced in the leaves during photosynthesis are transported to other parts of the plant, such as the roots, stems, and fruits. This process occurs through the phloem, which is a specialized tissue responsible for the transportation of organic compounds in plants. Translocation is essential for distributing nutrients and energy throughout the plant, allowing it to grow and function properly.