Histology MCQ

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  • 1/460 Questions

    What is the role of the condenser lens?

    • Control the aperture of light
    • Increase the magnification
    • Focus the light on the specimen
    • Initial magnification of 10X
    • Provide light
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  • 2. 

    On a microscope, what structure varies the diameter of the cone of light?

    • Base

    • Nosepiece

    • Stage

    • Tube

    • Diaphragm

    Correct Answer
    A. Diaphragm
    Explanation
    The base is the bottom of the microscope. The revolving nosepiece is also called a turret. The objective lens are attached to the nosepiece (or turret). The slide rests on the stage. The tube is the structure which connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses (it is shaped like a tube; thus, its name). The diaphragm controls the diameter of the cone of light.

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  • 3. 

    Where do you place the slide when using a microscope?

    • Base

    • Nosepiece

    • Stage

    • Tube

    • Diaphragm

    Correct Answer
    A. Stage
    Explanation
    The base is the bottom of the microscope. The revolving nosepiece is also called a turret. The objective lens are attached to the nosepiece (or turret). The slide rests on the stage. The tube is the structure which connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses (it is shaped like a tube; thus, its name). The diaphragm controls the diameter of the cone of light.

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  • 4. 

    Which type of microscope has only one lens?

    • Simple microscope

    • Compound microscope

    • Phase contrast microscope

    • Dissection microscope

    • Transmission electron microscope

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple microscope
    Explanation
    A simple microscope has only one lens. A compound microscope utilizes two lenses: an ocular lens and an objective lens. The compound microscope is also referred to as a "light microscope" or "bright field microscope". A phase contrast microscope is useful for examining living cells, because the specimen does not need to be stained. A dissection microscope uses low power magnification. Things appear three dimensional with a dissection microscope. A transmission electron microscope does not use light, but rather a beam of electrons.

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  • 5. 

    Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell?

    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    • Lysosome

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria
    Explanation
    The mitochondria is the site of ATP production for the cell. ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are nicknamed, the "powerhouse".

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  • 6. 

    What is the term for the general process that cells us to expunge material from the cell?

    • Endocytosis

    • Exocytosis

    • Pinocytosis

    • Phagocytosis

    • Active transport

    Correct Answer
    A. Exocytosis
    Explanation
    Endotyosis is the term for the process cells use to have substances enter them. Exoctyosis is the term for the process cells use to remove substances. Phagocytosis is "cell eating" and is used for the transport of particulate matter. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking". Active transport is a method which requires energy.

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  • 7. 

    Which organelle sorts and packages proteins within a cell?

    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    • Lysosome

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi apparatus
    Explanation
    The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membranous sacs. Proteins are sorted and packaged in the Golgi apparatus.

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  • 8. 

    What are the folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane called?

    • Plasmalemma

    • Glycocalyx

    • Protoplasm

    • Cristae

    • Ground substance

    Correct Answer
    A. Cristae
    Explanation
    The cell boundary is defined by the cell membrane or plasmalemma. Glycocalyx is a polysacchride that can be found on the outer surface of the cell membranes. Collectively, the cytoplasm and nucleus form the protoplasm of a cell. The folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane are called cristae. The cytoplasm that surrounds organelles is the cytoplasmic ground substance or cytosol.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

    • Microtubules

    • Lysosomes

    • Peroxisomes

    • Mitochondria

    • Endoplasmic reticulum

    Correct Answer
    A. Microtubules
    Explanation
    Lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are all membranous organelles.

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  • 10. 

    What is the term for the general process that cells us to bring things into the cell?

    • Endocytosis

    • Exocytosis

    • Pinocytosis

    • Phagocytosis

    • Active transport

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocytosis
    Explanation
    Endotyosis is the term for the process cells use to have substances enter them. Exoctyosis is the term for the process cells use to remove substances. Phagocytosis is "cell eating" and is used for the transport of particulate matter. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking". Active transport is a method which requires energy.

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  • 11. 

    Where are ribosomes constructed?

    • Cytoskeleton

    • Peroxisome

    • Microfilaments

    • Centrioles

    • Nucleoli

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleoli
  • 12. 

    Which organelle is studded with ribosomes?

    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    • Lysosome

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
    Explanation
    Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of tubules. If there are ribosomes on the tubules, it is termed "rough endoplasmic reticulum". Ribosomes produce proteins. When the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins produced by the ribosomes are exported. If there are no ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, it is called "smooth endoplasmic reticulum". The role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is lipid metabolism.

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  • 13. 

    Where is the site of protein synthesis?

    • Ribosomes

    • Peroxisome

    • Microfilaments

    • Centrioles

    • Nucleoli

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes
    Explanation
    The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

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  • 14. 

    What type of tissue lines the bladder

    • Simple squamous epithelium

    • Simple cuboidal epithelium

    • Simple columnar epithelium

    • Stratified squamous epithelium

    • Transitional epithelium

    Correct Answer
    A. Transitional epithelium
    Explanation
    The lining of the bladder is transitional epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. There are domed shaped cells on the apical surface.

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  • 15. 

    What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide?

    • Simple

    • Stratified

    • Squamous

    • Cuboidal

    • Columnar

    Correct Answer
    A. Cuboidal
    Explanation
    Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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  • 16. 

    What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels?

    • Epithelioid tissue

    • Mesothelium

    • Endothelium

    • Transitional

    • Pseudostratified

    Correct Answer
    A. Endothelium
    Explanation
    Endothelium is simple squamous epithelium that lines the vascular system

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  • 17. 

    What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube?

    • Endocrine gland

    • Multicellular gland

    • Exocrine gland

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Exocrine gland
    Explanation
    An endocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream, without a duct or tube. An exocrine gland secretes its product through a duct or tube.

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  • 18. 

    What type of tissue lines blood vessels?

    • Simple squamous epithelium

    • Simple cuboidal epithelium

    • Simple columnar epithelium

    • Stratified squamous epithelium

    • Transitional epithelium

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple squamous epithelium
    Explanation
    The lining of a blood vessel is simple squamous epithelium. This lining is called endothelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple squamous epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Squamous" refers to the fact that the cells are flat.

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  • 19. 

    What type of epithelium is more than one layer thick?

    • Simple

    • Stratified

    • Squamous

    • Cuboidal

    • Columnar

    Correct Answer
    A. Stratified
    Explanation
    Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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  • 20. 

    What type of epithelium appears stratified, but is not?

    • Epithelioid tissue

    • Mesothelium

    • Endothelium

    • Transitional

    • Pseudostratified

    Correct Answer
    A. Pseudostratified
    Explanation
    Pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that has cells which all touch the basement membrane. Pseudostratified epithelium is only one cell layer thick. Pseudostratified epithelium appears stratified, but it is not really stratified. Thus the name. The prefix "pseudo" means false, such as pseudonym or pseudo-science.

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  • 21. 

    What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?

    • Simple squamous epithelium

    • Simple cuboidal epithelium

    • Simple columnar epithelium

    • Stratified squamous epithelium

    • Transitional epithelium

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple columnar epithelium
    Explanation
    The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is simple columnar epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple columnar epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Columnar" cells are taller than they are wide and have an oval nucleus.

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  • 22. 

    What type of epithelium is composed of flat cells?

    • Simple

    • Stratified

    • Squamous

    • Cuboidal

    • Columnar

    Correct Answer
    A. Squamous
    Explanation
    Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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  • 23. 

    What is a gland called if it has an branched duct?

    • Simple gland

    • Compound gland

    • Tubular

    • Alveolar

    • Tubuloalveolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Compound gland
    Explanation
    A simple gland has an unbranched duct. A compound gland has a branched duct. If the secretory portion of a gland is tube shaped, it is called "tubular". If the secretory portion of a gland is flask shaped, it is called "alveolar" or "acinar". If the secretory portion of a gland is a tube shaped but at the terminus is flask shaped, it is called "tubuloalveolar".

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  • 24. 

    What type of tissue lines the esophagus?

    • Simple squamous epithelium

    • Simple cuboidal epithelium

    • Simple columnar epithelium

    • Stratified squamous epithelium

    • Transitional epithelium

    Correct Answer
    A. Stratified squamous epithelium
    Explanation
    The lining of the esophagus is stratified squamous epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Stratified squamous epithelium is "stratified" because it is more than one cell layer thick. "Squamous" refers to the fact that the surface cells of the layer are flat.

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  • 25. 

    What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?

    • Simple

    • Stratified

    • Squamous

    • Cuboidal

    • Columnar

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple
    Explanation
    Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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  • 26. 

    What forms the striated border?

    • Microvilli

    • Stereocilia

    • Cilia

    • Keratinization

    • Both a and b

    Correct Answer
    A. Microvilli
    Explanation
    Microvilli are the finger like projections seen on the surface of some cells. The appearance of microvilli form what is also called the brush border or striated border.

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  • 27. 

    What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?

    • Microvilli

    • Stereocilia

    • Cilia

    • Keratinization

    • Both a and b

    Correct Answer
    A. Keratinization
    Explanation
    Keratinization is seen in the epidermis. Cells in the stratum corneum are essentially just bags of keratin.

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  • 28. 

    What does connective tissue develop from?

    • Mesothelium

    • Mesenchyme

    • Mesangial cells

    • Mesentery

    • Wharton's jelly

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesenchyme
    Explanation
    Connective tissue develops from mesenchyme.

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  • 29. 

    Which connective tissue cell type produces the ground substance in connective tissue?

    • Fibroblast

    • Myofibroblast

    • Histiocyte

    • Plasma cell

    • Mast cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Fibroblast
    Explanation
    Fibroblasts produce collagen. The fibroblast also produces the ground substance in connective tissue.

    Fibroblasts, histiocytes, plasma cells, and mast cells are routinely seen in loose connective tissue. Fibroblasts produce collagen. The fibroblast also produces the ground substance in connective tissue. Myofibroblasts contain properties of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage. Plasma cells are derived from B lymphocytes. Mast cells secrete histamine. Mast cells also secrete heparin, SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, ECF-A (eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis.

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  • 30. 

    What type of connective tissue is an undifferentiated tissue found in the embryo?

    • Mucous connective tissue

    • Mesenchyme

    • Loose irregular connective tissue

    • Dense irregular connective tissue

    • Dense regular connective tissue

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesenchyme
    Explanation
    Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue. It is an undifferentiated tissue found in the embryo.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?

    • Wright's stain

    • Hematoxylin and eosin stain

    • Sudan stain

    • Silver impregnation

    • Masson's trichrome stain

    Correct Answer
    A. Sudan stain
    Explanation
    Lipids are best displayed with a sudan stain

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  • 32. 

    What type of basic tissue type is cartilage?

    • Muscle

    • Nervous

    • Cartilage

    • Epithelium

    • Connective tissue

    Correct Answer
    A. Connective tissue
    Explanation
    Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue.

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  • 33. 

    Which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?

    • Hyaline cartilage

    • Elastic cartilage

    • Fibrocartilage

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyaline cartilage
    Explanation
    Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus. The cartilage forms a template of the bones. Endochondral ossification will occur during the childhood, replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone.

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  • 34. 

    Which type of cartilage is the most abundant?

    • Hyaline cartilage

    • Elastic cartilage

    • Fibrocartilage

    • Hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage equally

    • Elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage equally

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyaline cartilage
    Explanation
    Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type of cartilage.

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  • 35. 

    What is the connective tissue covering which surrounds cartilage?

    • Perimysium

    • Periosteum

    • Perichondrium

    • Perineurium

    • Endosteum

    Correct Answer
    A. Perichondrium
    Explanation
    The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.

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  • 36. 

    What is compact bone?

    • Dense bone

    • Woven bone

    • Immature bone

    • Cancellous bone

    • Spongy bone

    Correct Answer
    A. Dense bone
    Explanation
    Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system.

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  • 37. 

    What type of basic tissue type is bone?

    • Epithelium

    • Connective tissue

    • Muscle

    • Nervous

    • Bone

    Correct Answer
    A. Connective tissue
    Explanation
    Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. Bone is a type of connective tissue

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  • 38. 

    What is dense bone?

    • Immature bone

    • Cancellous bone

    • Compact bone

    • Woven bone

    • Spongy bone

    Correct Answer
    A. Compact bone
    Explanation
    Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system.

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  • 39. 

    What is the space that an osteocyte rests in?

    • Canaliculi

    • Sharpey's fibers

    • Trabeculae

    • Tome's process

    • Lacuna

    Correct Answer
    A. Lacuna
  • 40. 

    What is cancellous bone?

    • Dense bone

    • Woven bone

    • Immature bone

    • Compact bone

    • Spongy bone

    Correct Answer
    A. Spongy bone
    Explanation
    Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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  • 41. 

    What is the covering of a bone?

    • Perimysium

    • Periosteum

    • Perichondrium

    • Perineurium

    • Endosteum

    Correct Answer
    A. Periosteum
    Explanation
    The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone. The prefix "peri" means around, such as in the word "perimeter".

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  • 42. 

    What forms the skeleton of the fetus?

    • Elastic cartilage

    • Hyaline cartilage

    • Fibrocartilage

    • Spongy bone

    • Compact bone

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyaline cartilage
    Explanation
    Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus. The cartilage forms a template of the bones. Endochondral ossification will occur during the childhood, replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone.

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  • 43. 

    Which fiber type has more myoglobin?

    • Red fibers

    • White fibers

    • Intermediate fibers

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Red fibers
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.

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  • 44. 

    Where is cardiac muscle found?

    • Myofilaments

    • Myosin

    • Muscle fibers

    • Myofibrils

    • Myocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Myocardium
    Explanation
    Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.

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  • 45. 

    What is released at a synapse?

    • Motor unit

    • Motor neuron

    • Motor end plate

    • Neuromuscular spindle

    • Neurotransmitter

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurotransmitter
    Explanation
    A single motor neuron and the aggregation of muscle fibers innervated by that single neuron is called the motor unit. A motor neuron is a neuron which innervates a muscle cell. The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate. A neuromuscular spindle is a receptor which is sensitive to stretching of the muscle. A neurotransmitter is the chemical released by a nerve at a synapse.

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  • 46. 

    What type of muscle is composed of spindle shaped cells?

    • Skeletal muscle

    • Cardiac muscle

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle and Cardiac muscle

    • Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle and Smooth muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth muscle
    Explanation
    Smooth muscle is composed of spindle shaped cells.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following is composed of cardiac muscle?

    • Biceps muscle

    • Tongue

    • Heart

    • Upper esophagus

    • Walls of the visceral organs

    Correct Answer
    A. Heart
    Explanation
    The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.

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  • 48. 

    Which fiber type has a lot of mitochondria?

    • Red fibers

    • White fibers

    • Intermediate fibers

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Red fibers
    Explanation
    Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers.

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  • 49. 

    Where is thick skin found?

    • Over the knee

    • Sole of the feet

    • Breast

    • Lips

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Sole of the feet

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