Exam 1 Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Staining
- 1.The most common method of biochemical bonding between tissue proteins and dyes is:
- A.
Electrostatic
- B.
Covalent
- C.
Absorption
- D.
Hydrogen
- 2.Most protein molecules are considered _____________ in nature because they are composed of both + and - charged free side chains which are available for biochemical bonding.
- A.
Electrostatic
- B.
Absorptive
- C.
Covalent
- D.
Amphoteric
- 3.Most cytoplasmic proteins are
- A.
Anionic
- B.
Acidophilic
- C.
Basophilic
- D.
Polychromatic
- 4.Nucleic acids, RNA and DNA and ribosomal RNA are
- A.
Basophilic
- B.
Cationic
- C.
Acidophilic
- D.
Metachromatic
- 5.The IEP of proteins in tissue is pH
- A.
5
- B.
7
- C.
6
- D.
8
- 6.Mordants are used to
- A.
Oxidize tissue components
- B.
Enhance tissue/dye attraction
- C.
Change the refractive index of tissues
- D.
Help differentiate stains
- 7.Eosin is an example of a ___________
- A.
Anionic dye
- B.
Nuclear stain
- C.
Cationic dye
- D.
Mordant dye
- 8.Powdered dyes have 2 main molecular components. The component that confers color is called the
- A.
Auxochrome
- B.
Autochrome
- C.
Chromophore
- D.
Chromeophore
- 9.Dyes require an ionized group to bind to tissue. This group is called the
- A.
Chromophore
- B.
Chromeophore
- C.
Autochrome
- D.
Auxochrome
- 10.Which of the following is NOT an example of an Acid Dye ionic group?
- A.
-NH
- B.
-SO4
- C.
-COOH
- D.
-OH
- 11.A stain which has methylene blue and eosin is known as a
- A.
Dichromatic
- B.
Monochromatic stain
- C.
Romanowsky stain
- D.
Trichromatic
- 12.Under alkaline conditions, methylene blue breaks down and forms two other distinct dyes. These dyes are called
- A.
Azure A and B
- B.
Azure 1 and 2
- C.
Azure 3 and 4
- D.
Azure B and D
- 13.Tissues exposed to acid solutions will become more _______
- A.
Negatively charged
- B.
Positively charged
- C.
Amphoteric
- D.
Metachromatic
- 14.What is the affect of the staining quality of eosin if the dye's pH becomes too alkaline?
- A.
The staining intensity is increased as the tissue becomes more negatively charged
- B.
No affect at all, eosin is stable across all pH ranges
- C.
The staining intensity decreases as the tissue becomes more negatively charged
- D.
The staining intensity is decreased due to excess hematoxylin uptake
- 15.In comparison to other fixatives, formalin tends to make tissues more _____ by cross-linking to amino groups, thus, lessening the intensity of eosin staining
- A.
Acidophilic
- B.
Basophilic
- C.
Amphoteric
- D.
Autofluorescent
- 16.Over fixation in which of the following fixatives will most likely impair nuclear detail?
- A.
Bouins
- B.
20% formalin
- C.
Glutaraldehyde
- D.
Glyoxal
- 17.Acetic acid can be added to Harris hematoxylin to
- A.
Ripen the hematoxylin
- B.
For a dye lake
- C.
Make nuclear staining more specific
- D.
Blue the hematoxylin
- 18.If the Harris hematoxylin is full strength, without acetic acid added, what is the intended mode of staining?
- A.
Progressive
- B.
Regressive
- C.
Indirect 2-tier
- D.
Autofluorescence
- 19.In the VVG elastic tissue stain, Weigert hematoxylin is combined with iodine to stain elastic fibers. What is used to differentiate the tissue to clearly demonstrate the elastic fibers?
- A.
Weak acid alcohol
- B.
Moderate strength acetic acid
- C.
Excess mordant, ferric iodine
- D.
Excess mordant, ferric chloride
- 20.Hematoxylin is extracted from
- A.
Logwood trees
- B.
Lichens
- C.
Beetles
- D.
Redwood trees
- 21.The active staining ingredient in ripened hematoxylin solutions is
- A.
Aluminum-hematoxylin lake
- B.
Aluminum-hematein lake
- C.
Aluminum-hematin lake
- D.
Sodium iodate
- 22.Ripening of hematoxylin is a process of
- A.
Oxidation
- B.
Reduction
- C.
Hydrolysis
- D.
Differentiation
- 23.Harris hematoxylin is converted into a dye lake by adding
- A.
Ammonium aluminum sulfate
- B.
Sodium iodate
- C.
Ferric chloride
- D.
Citric acid
- 24.You have chosen to perform a special stain procedure that uses several acid reagents. Of the choices below, which hematoxylin stain will best resist decolorization?
- A.
Delafield
- B.
Harris
- C.
Weigert
- D.
Mayer's
- 25.What method can enhance pale nuclear staining of over decalcified bone?
- A.
Restain the slide with Weigert iron hematoxylin
- B.
Nothing can help in this situation
- C.
Reprocess the tissue and then rrstain
- D.
Restain the slide with Mayer's hematoxylin
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