Histological Techniques 2

The correct answer is fluorochrome. Fluorochromes are fluorescent dyes or molecules that emit light of a longer wavelength when excited by light of a shorter wavelength. In fluorescent microscopy, fluorochromes are often used to label specific molecules or structures within the tissue. When the tissue containing fluorochromes is excited by a short wavelength light source, the fluorochromes absorb the light and re-emit it as longer wavelength light, allowing for visualization and analysis of the labeled structures.

Feulgen's nuclear reaction is the one true method for the detection of DNA. This reaction specifically stains DNA, allowing for its visualization under a microscope. It is based on the principle that DNA reacts with a specific dye, known as Feulgen's reagent, to form a colored complex. This staining technique is widely used in various fields, including genetics and pathology, to identify and study DNA within cells and tissues.

The correct answer is Blue trichrome because it is a staining method used to stain connective tissue.

Secondary fluorescence refers to the light emitted by fluorescent dyes (fluorochromes) that are used to visualize structures that do not exhibit primary fluorescence. Primary fluorescence refers to the natural fluorescence exhibited by certain structures, while quaternary fluorescence is not mentioned in the given information. Therefore, the correct answer is secondary fluorescence.

Fluorescent microscopy involves the use of fluorophores, which are molecules that emit light of a longer wavelength when excited by light of a shorter wavelength. Therefore, in fluorescent microscopy, the sample is exposed to light of a short wavelength, which causes the fluorophores in the sample to emit light of a longer wavelength. This emitted light is then detected and used to create an image of the sample.

Before staining the sections, the first step is to deparaffinize the section in Xylene. Deparaffinization is the process of removing the paraffin wax used in tissue embedding during the preparation of histological sections. Xylene is a common solvent used for this purpose as it effectively dissolves the paraffin wax. By deparaffinizing the sections, the wax is removed, allowing the stain to penetrate the tissue and provide accurate and clear results during staining.

Blue trichrome stain is commonly used to visualize collagen fibers in tissue samples. Collagen is a major component of connective tissues, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. This stain helps to highlight and differentiate collagen fibers from other tissue structures, allowing researchers and pathologists to study the distribution and organization of collagen in various tissues.

The Weigert resorcin-fuchsin technique is used to stain elastin. This technique involves the use of resorcin-fuchsin dye, which specifically binds to elastin fibers and stains them a deep purple color. This staining method is commonly used in histology and pathology to visualize and study elastin in tissues.

Sudan III is a dye commonly used to stain neutral lipids. When neutral lipids are stained with Sudan III, they appear red in color.

The correct answer is that the Argentaffin reaction is used for staining pigment Melanin. This technique is commonly used to detect and visualize melanin in tissues. The reaction involves the use of silver salts, which react with the melanin pigment to produce a brown or black color. This staining method is specifically designed to target and highlight melanin, making it easier to identify and study in histological samples.

Perls' reaction is used for the detection of Fe3+ and Haemosiderin. Fe3+ detection is important in various biological and chemical processes, while Haemosiderin is an iron-storage protein found in cells. The Perls' reaction helps in identifying the presence of these substances through a staining method. It is not used for staining glycogen, mucus, phospholipids in myelin sheath, or nuclei.

Acidic stains are commonly used in histology and microscopy to stain acidic components in tissues. Mucus is a slimy substance produced by goblet cells and other epithelial cells, which is known to have acidic properties. Therefore, acidic stains are likely to bind to mucus, making it the correct answer in this context.

Eosin is a red dye commonly used in histology to stain acidic structures, such as eosinophils and erythrocytes. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are stained intensively red by eosin due to their high acidophilia. Acidophilic cells, which are cells that have an affinity for acidic dyes like eosin, are also stained intensively red. Therefore, both erythrocytes and acidophilic cells are stained red by eosin.

Acridine orange and propidium iodide are nuclear dyes commonly used in fluorescence microscopy. These dyes have the ability to bind to nucleic acids, specifically DNA, and emit fluorescence when excited by specific wavelengths of light. Acridine orange is a metachromatic dye that emits green fluorescence when bound to DNA, while propidium iodide emits red fluorescence. These dyes are widely used for staining and visualizing the nucleus in cells, allowing researchers to study nuclear structure and function.

Sudan III or Sudan IV stains lipids, causing them to appear red. Haematoxylin is commonly used as a counterstain for nuclei, and it causes the nuclei to appear dark or blue. Therefore, the correct answer is that nuclei are counterstained with haematoxylin, nuclei appear dark, and lipids appear red.

The correct answer for staining reticular fibers is nuclear red and Gomoroi ammoniac silver nitrate. Reticular fibers are a type of connective tissue fibers that provide support to various organs. Nuclear red is a dye that selectively stains the nuclei of cells, allowing for visualization of the reticular fibers. Gomoroi ammoniac silver nitrate is a silver staining method that specifically targets reticular fibers, making them easily distinguishable under a microscope.

Cresyl violet and Toluidine blue are both basic aniline dyes, which means they have a positive charge and are commonly used in histology to stain acidic components of cells. Eosin is a dye that colors structures pinkish and intensively stains red blood cells. Xylene, on the other hand, is not a dye but a solvent commonly used in histology to dehydrate and clear tissue samples. The most common fixative used is 10% formalin, which is a solution of formaldehyde diluted in water.

When staining mucus, the counterstain used is Haematoxylin, which is a blue dye that helps to enhance the contrast of the stained mucus. The mucus itself stains pink, indicating its presence and location. The specific stain used for mucus staining is Mayers Mucicarmine, which is a combination of carmine dye and mucicarmine. This stain is commonly used to differentiate mucus-producing cells and to identify certain types of tumors.

Elastin is counterstained with Nuclear red, which appears as red in color. This staining technique is commonly used in histology to visualize elastin fibers, as elastin itself does not readily stain with common histological stains. Nuclear red is specifically chosen as a counterstain because it stains the nuclei of cells, allowing for better contrast and visibility of the elastin fibers. The combination of Nuclear red staining and the red color it produces helps to highlight and distinguish elastin fibers in tissue samples.

Basic stains are positively charged and therefore bind to negatively charged structures in cells and tissues. They are attracted to acidic tissue structures such as nucleic acids and certain proteins. They also bind to ergastoplasm, which is a specialized region of the endoplasmic reticulum involved in protein synthesis. Additionally, basic stains can bind to the ground substance of cartilage, which is a gel-like substance that fills the spaces between cells.

Haemotoxylin is a stain that is commonly used in histology to stain nuclei. It binds to the DNA in the nuclei and stains them a dark color, typically blue. Eosin, on the other hand, is used to stain the cytoplasm and other structures in the tissue. It stains them pink or red, depending on the intensity. In addition, eosin can also stain the granules of eosinophilic leukocytes, which are a type of white blood cell, intensively red. Therefore, the correct answer is that Haemotoxylin stains nuclei dark, Eosin stains structures pink, and Eosin stains granules of eosinophilic leukocytes intensively red.

After the sections have been stained and prepared for covering, they need to be dehydrated with ethanol to remove any remaining water before further processing. This is necessary to prevent any water-based solutions from diluting the mounting medium or causing artifacts. Additionally, the sections must also be dehydrated with xylene to remove the ethanol and prepare them for embedding in paraffin. Finally, the stained sections are mounted in Canada balsam, which is a common mounting medium used in histology to provide a clear and permanent cover for the sections.

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Haematoxylin and eosin are nucleic stains because they are commonly used to stain the nuclei of cells in histology. Argentaffin reaction stains structures black, as it is a method used to selectively stain structures containing certain types of chemicals, such as catecholamines, which appear black under the reaction. Green trichrome is counterstained with Haematoxylin, meaning that after the green trichrome stain is applied, the nuclei of the cells are stained with Haematoxylin to provide contrast.

The best method for detection of glycogene is the Pas reaction, which involves staining the glycogene with a specific dye called Best carmine. This staining procedure results in a purple color, allowing for easy identification and detection of glycogene.