12th Grade Biology Test Hardest Quiz! Trivia

The correct answer is Sensory (Afferent), Interneurons, Motor (Efferent). This answer is correct because it accurately identifies the three types of neurons. Sensory (Afferent) neurons carry information from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. Interneurons are located within the central nervous system and transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons. Motor (Efferent) neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, allowing for movement and response.

The correct answer is Receptors On Skin > Sensory Neurons > Interneurons > Motor Neurons > Effectors > Reaction. This sequence accurately describes the reflex arc, which is the neural pathway that allows for a rapid response to a stimulus without conscious thought. The process begins with the activation of receptors on the skin, which then send signals to sensory neurons. These sensory neurons transmit the information to interneurons, which can be found in the spinal cord or brain. The interneurons then relay the signals to motor neurons, which in turn activate effectors such as muscles or glands. Finally, the effectors produce a reaction or response to the stimulus.

The spaces between Schwann Cells are called Nodes of Ranvier. These are small gaps along the axon of a neuron where the myelin sheath is absent. They play a crucial role in speeding up the transmission of electrical impulses along the axon by allowing the impulses to jump from one node to another, a process known as saltatory conduction. This increases the efficiency and speed of nerve impulse transmission.

The given answer accurately describes the sequence of events during an action potential. It starts with Na+ ions rushing into the neuron through open Na+ channels, followed by diffusion of Na+ ions to the inside of the neuron. This buildup of Na+ ions inside the neuron causes the Na+ channels to close. Then, K+ channels open, allowing K+ ions to diffuse out of the neuron. Finally, the Na+/K+ pump restores the resting potential of the neuron's membrane. This sequence of events is a fundamental process in the generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons.

Excitatory neurotransmitters are responsible for opening Na+ channels and depolarizing the membrane, which leads to the initiation of an action potential. This means that they stimulate the neuron and increase its activity. In contrast, inhibitory neurotransmitters have the opposite effect, as they hyperpolarize the membrane and decrease the likelihood of an action potential. Therefore, the correct answer is "excitatory."

During resting potential, the charge inside the cell is positive, whereas the charge outside of the cell is negative. This is because the resting potential is maintained by an uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane. The inside of the cell is more negatively charged compared to the outside due to the presence of negatively charged proteins and anions. At the same time, there is a higher concentration of positively charged ions, such as potassium (K+), inside the cell. This creates an electrical potential difference across the membrane, with the inside being more negative and the outside more positive.

Grey matter is found in the central nervous system and is non-myelinated. Grey matter refers to areas of the nervous system that primarily consist of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. It is responsible for processing and integrating information in the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, where grey matter is abundant. Non-myelinated means that the axons in grey matter lack a myelin sheath, which is a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

The human nervous system is divided into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS includes all the nerves that extend from the CNS to the rest of the body, allowing for communication between the CNS and the organs, muscles, and tissues. The CNS and PNS work together to regulate bodily functions and respond to external stimuli.

In plants, the apoplast is the network of cell walls and intercellular spaces through which water and solutes move by mass flow. This movement is part of the plant's water transport system and occurs outside the plasma membranes, allowing for the efficient transport of water and nutrients from the soil into the plant roots and upwards through the stem to the leaves. The apoplast route bypasses the cytoplasm of the cells, facilitating rapid transport, especially important for water uptake and distribution throughout the plant.