AP Biology: Ch. 40 And 41
A quiz I made up to study for a test in my AP Biology class. It's on chapters 40 and 41. About the digestive system and an introduction to the human body and its systems.
- 1.
What is the function of teeth in the digestive system?
- A.
Cut, tear, and grind food
- B.
Receive food; site of 1st step in carb digestion
- C.
Forms feces
- D.
Produces digestive enzymes
Correct Answer
A. Cut, tear, and grind foodExplanation
Teeth in the digestive system function to cut, tear, and grind food. They play a crucial role in the mechanical breakdown of food, making it easier to swallow and digest. The different types of teeth, such as incisors, canines, and molars, have specific shapes and functions that aid in the process of breaking down food into smaller, more manageable pieces. Overall, teeth contribute to the initial stages of digestion by physically preparing food for further processing in the digestive system.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the main function of the oral cavity?
- A.
Moves food around mouth
- B.
Produce saliva
- C.
Receives food; site of 1st step in carb digestion
- D.
Reabsorbs water
Correct Answer
C. Receives food; site of 1st step in carb digestionExplanation
The oral cavity is responsible for receiving food and is the site of the first step in carbohydrate digestion. This is where food enters the body and undergoes the process of mastication, or chewing, which breaks down the food into smaller pieces. The saliva produced in the oral cavity also contains enzymes that begin the digestion of carbohydrates, specifically breaking them down into smaller molecules. Therefore, the oral cavity plays a crucial role in the initial stages of digestion and the breakdown of carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the main function of the tongue?
- A.
Cut, tear, and grind food
- B.
Forms feces
- C.
Moves food around mouth; aids in swallowing
Correct Answer
C. Moves food around mouth; aids in swallowingExplanation
The main function of the tongue is to move food around the mouth and aid in swallowing. The tongue is a muscular organ that helps in manipulating food during chewing and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus that can be easily swallowed. It also plays a crucial role in pushing the food towards the back of the throat and initiating the swallowing reflex. Additionally, the tongue helps in the perception of taste and assists in speech production.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the main function of the epiglottis?
- A.
Receives food from esophagus
- B.
Receives material from ileum
- C.
Forms feces
- D.
Cartilaginous flap that covers the opening to the windpipe during swallowing
Correct Answer
D. Cartilaginous flap that covers the opening to the windpipe during swallowingExplanation
The epiglottis is a cartilaginous flap that covers the opening to the windpipe during swallowing. When we swallow, the epiglottis closes off the entrance to the trachea, preventing food or liquid from entering the airway. This helps to ensure that food and drink go down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than entering the lungs. The epiglottis plays a crucial role in protecting the respiratory system during the swallowing process.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the duodenum?
- A.
2nd part of small intestine; site of absorption of digested food
- B.
Rounded sac that receives material from ileum
- C.
1st part of small intestine; site of most steps of digestion of food
Correct Answer
C. 1st part of small intestine; site of most steps of digestion of foodExplanation
The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and it is the site where most steps of digestion of food occur. It receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues the process of digestion by breaking down the food further with the help of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. It is also the site where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for distribution to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the jejunum?
- A.
2nd part of small intestine; site of absorption of digested food
- B.
Fingerlike extension from cecum
- C.
Terminal portion of colon that stores feces
Correct Answer
A. 2nd part of small intestine; site of absorption of digested foodExplanation
The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine and it is responsible for the absorption of digested food. It is a crucial site for the absorption of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into the bloodstream. The jejunum has a large surface area due to its numerous folds and finger-like projections called villi, which increase the absorption capacity. This part of the small intestine plays a vital role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, ensuring that the body receives the necessary nutrients from the food we consume.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the ileum?
- A.
Intersection that leads to esophagus
- B.
Last part of small intestine; site of absorption of food
- C.
Fingerlike extension from cecum
Correct Answer
B. Last part of small intestine; site of absorption of foodExplanation
The ileum is the last part of the small intestine and is responsible for the absorption of food. It is where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place, including vitamins, minerals, and bile salts. The ileum is lined with specialized cells called enterocytes that have microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption. This part of the small intestine also plays a role in the reabsorption of bile salts, which are necessary for the digestion and absorption of fats.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the cecum?
- A.
Rounded sac that receives materials from ileum; 1st part of large intestine
- B.
Receives food from esophagus
- C.
Forms feces
Correct Answer
A. Rounded sac that receives materials from ileum; 1st part of large intestineExplanation
The cecum is a rounded sac that receives materials from the ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine. It is also the first part of the large intestine. The cecum is responsible for receiving and storing the material that has been digested in the small intestine before it moves on to the next part of the digestive system. It plays a role in the absorption of water and electrolytes, and also houses bacteria that aid in the digestion of certain substances.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is the appendix?
- A.
1st part of small intestine
- B.
Fingerlike extension form cecum; lymphoid tissue in the wall makes minor contribution to body defenses
Correct Answer
B. Fingerlike extension form cecum; lymphoid tissue in the wall makes minor contribution to body defensesExplanation
The appendix is a finger-like extension that forms from the cecum. It contains lymphoid tissue in its wall, which plays a minor role in the body's defense system.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the main function of the large intestine?
- A.
Forms feces; reabsorbs water
- B.
Stores bile
- C.
Produces digestive enzymes
Correct Answer
A. Forms feces; reabsorbs waterExplanation
The main function of the large intestine is to form feces and reabsorb water. The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food material and consolidating it into feces. It also absorbs certain nutrients and electrolytes. This process helps in maintaining the body's water balance and eliminating waste products from the body.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the main function of the rectum?
- A.
Produces bile
- B.
Produces digestive enzymes
- C.
Terminal portion fo colon that stores feces until they are eliminated
Correct Answer
C. Terminal portion fo colon that stores feces until they are eliminatedExplanation
The rectum is the terminal portion of the colon that stores feces until they are eliminated. It acts as a temporary storage area for waste material before it is expelled from the body. The rectum has muscular walls that help in the process of defecation by contracting and relaxing to push the feces out of the body through the anus. This function of the rectum is crucial for the elimination of waste and maintaining proper bowel movements.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the main function of the liver?
- A.
Forms feces; reabsorbs water
- B.
Produces bile; stores glycogen, lipids, and iron reserves; inactivates toxins
- C.
Produces digestive enzymes
Correct Answer
B. Produces bile; stores glycogen, lipids, and iron reserves; inactivates toxinsExplanation
The liver has multiple functions, including the production of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Additionally, the liver stores glycogen, lipids, and iron reserves, which are important for energy production and maintaining proper body function. The liver also plays a crucial role in detoxification by inactivating and eliminating toxins from the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What are the main functions of the gall bladder?
- A.
Stores and modifies bile
- B.
Forms feces
- C.
Produces saliva
Correct Answer
A. Stores and modifies bileExplanation
The gall bladder's main functions are to store and modify bile. Bile is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gall bladder stores the bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed. It also modifies the bile by concentrating it and making it more potent. This modification helps in the breakdown of fats and aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. The gall bladder does not have any role in forming feces or producing saliva.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is the main function of the pancreas?
- A.
Produces digestive enzymes
- B.
Produces bile
Correct Answer
A. Produces digestive enzymesExplanation
The pancreas is responsible for producing digestive enzymes that help break down food in the small intestine. These enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and protease, aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. By producing these enzymes, the pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the main function of the epithelial tissue and its structure?
- A.
Lines body cavities and protects, secretes, and absorbs; tightly packed cells
- B.
Fills in spaces, binds and supports other tissues; scattered and made of protein
- C.
Contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrils
- D.
Conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuron
Correct Answer
A. Lines body cavities and protects, secretes, and absorbs; tightly packed cellsExplanation
Epithelial tissue serves as a lining for body cavities, providing protection to underlying tissues and organs. It also has the ability to secrete and absorb substances. The structure of epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells, forming a continuous layer that acts as a barrier between different internal and external environments. This arrangement allows for efficient protection and regulation of substances entering or exiting the body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the main function and structure of the connective tissue?
- A.
Lines body cavities and protects, secretes, and absorbs; tightly packed cells
- B.
Conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuron
- C.
Fills in spaces, binds and supports other tissues; scattered and made of protein
- D.
Contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrils
Correct Answer
C. Fills in spaces, binds and supports other tissues; scattered and made of proteinExplanation
The connective tissue functions to fill in spaces, bind and support other tissues. It is scattered throughout the body and is made of protein. This tissue helps to maintain the structural integrity of organs and provides support to other tissues. It also fills in spaces between organs and helps to hold them in place. Additionally, it plays a role in the transportation of nutrients and waste products.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the main function and structure of the muscular tissue?
- A.
Conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuron
- B.
Contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrils
- C.
Fills in spaces, binds and supports other tissues; scattered and made of protein
- D.
Lines body cavities and protects, secretes, and absorbs; tightly packed cells
Correct Answer
B. Contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrilsExplanation
The correct answer is "contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrils." Muscular tissue is responsible for generating force and movement in the body. It is composed of long cells called muscle fibers, which contain myofibrils that contract and relax to produce muscle contractions. This allows for various types of movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the main function and structure of the nervous tissue?
- A.
Contracts and provides movement; long cells with myofibrils
- B.
Fills in spaces, binds and supports other tissues; scattered and made of protein
- C.
Lines body cavities and protects, secretes, and absorbs; tightly packed cells
- D.
Conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuron
Correct Answer
D. Conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuronExplanation
The main function of nervous tissue is to conduct electrical impulses, which allows for communication and coordination within the body. The structure of nervous tissue is primarily composed of neurons, which are the functional units responsible for transmitting these impulses. Neurons have specialized structures, such as dendrites and axons, that enable them to receive and transmit electrical signals. Therefore, the answer "conducts electrical impulses; functional part of neuron" accurately describes the main function and structure of nervous tissue.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What do nucleases break down?
- 20.
What do trypsin and chymotrypsin?
- 21.
What does pepsin do?
- 22.
What does lipase do?
- 23.
What do dissaccharidases do?
- 24.
What do dipeptides do?
- 25.
What does bile do?
- 26.
What does salivary amylase do?
- 27.
What does pancreatic amylase do?
- 28.
What do aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase do?
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