Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 & 3 Test
Test on Chapters 1 & 3
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which organ system introduces oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
- A.
Digestive
- B.
Respiratory
- C.
Lymphatic
- D.
Cardiovascular
- E.
Endocrine
Correct Answer
B. RespiratoryExplanation
The respiratory system introduces oxygen into the bloodstream through the process of breathing. It includes organs such as the lungs, trachea, and bronchi. These organs help in the exchange of gases, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream. The respiratory system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's oxygen levels and removing waste gases.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is NOT a necessary human life function?
- A.
Movement
- B.
Excretion
- C.
Metabolism
- D.
Responsiveness
- E.
Intelligence
Correct Answer
E. IntelligenceExplanation
Intelligence is not considered a necessary human life function because it is not directly related to the basic physiological processes required for survival. Movement, excretion, metabolism, and responsiveness are all essential for the body to function properly and maintain homeostasis. Intelligence, on the other hand, refers to cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning, which are important for higher-level thinking and decision-making but not essential for basic survival.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is known as the study of the structure of body parts and how they relate to one another?
- A.
Physiology
- B.
Anatomy
- C.
Biology
- D.
Pharmacology
Correct Answer
B. AnatomyExplanation
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and how they relate to one another. It involves examining the different organs, tissues, and systems in the body and understanding their functions and relationships. This field of study is important in the medical and healthcare field as it provides a foundation for understanding the human body and diagnosing and treating diseases and conditions.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the body region found on the inside of your cheek?
- A.
Buccal
- B.
Femoral
- C.
Pubic
- D.
Orbital
- E.
Mammary
Correct Answer
A. BuccalExplanation
The body region found on the inside of your cheek is called the buccal region. This region refers to the area inside the mouth, specifically the inner lining of the cheeks. It is named after the Latin word "bucca," which means cheek. The buccal region plays a role in various functions such as chewing, speaking, and holding food in the mouth.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the smallest living unit?
- A.
Tissue
- B.
Cell
- C.
Organism
- D.
Organ
Correct Answer
B. CellExplanation
A cell is the smallest living unit because it is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells are capable of carrying out all the necessary functions of life, such as obtaining nutrients, converting them into energy, and reproducing. Tissues, organs, and organisms are all composed of cells, but they are not considered the smallest living unit because they are made up of multiple cells working together.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
- A.
Dorsal and ventral
- B.
Cranial and sacral
- C.
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
- D.
Pelvic and thoraic
- E.
Lateral and medial
Correct Answer
C. Thoracic and abdominopelvicExplanation
The correct answer is thoracic and abdominopelvic. The ventral body cavity is divided into two major divisions: the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart, lungs, and other organs, and the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the digestive organs, reproductive organs, and other organs. These two divisions are separated by the diaphragm, a muscular sheet that helps with breathing.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ---- system
- A.
Resperatory
- B.
Urinary
- C.
Digestive
- D.
Lymphatic
- E.
Endocrine
Correct Answer
B. UrinaryExplanation
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the urinary system. The urinary system is responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the blood, producing urine, and excreting it from the body. The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and regulating the balance of fluids and electrolytes. The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage until it is eliminated from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is urinary.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The front of your knee is found in which body region?
- A.
Palmar
- B.
Patellar
- C.
Pedal
- D.
Pelvic
- E.
Tarsal
Correct Answer
B. PatellarExplanation
The front of the knee is referred to as the patellar region. The patella, also known as the kneecap, is located in the front of the knee joint and plays a crucial role in the movement of the lower leg. It protects the knee joint and provides leverage to the muscles involved in knee extension. Therefore, the correct answer is "Patellar".Rate this question:
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- 9.
The body region called "inguinal" is referring to which area?
- A.
Armpit
- B.
Groin
- C.
Head
- D.
Hip
- E.
Thigh
Correct Answer
B. GroinExplanation
The body region called "inguinal" refers to the groin area. The groin is the area between the abdomen and the thigh on either side of the body. It is commonly known as the lower part of the abdomen where the thigh meets the torso.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The heel of the foot is found in the axillary body region?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The heel of the foot is not found in the axillary body region. The heel is actually located in the lower part of the foot, specifically in the hindfoot region. The axillary body region, on the other hand, refers to the armpit area. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The function of nervous tissue is to
- A.
Insulate
- B.
Connect muscle to bone
- C.
Cushion
- D.
Conduct electrical impulses
Correct Answer
D. Conduct electrical impulsesExplanation
Nervous tissue is responsible for conducting electrical impulses in the body. It is made up of specialized cells called neurons that transmit signals through the body, allowing for communication between different parts of the body and the brain. These electrical impulses are essential for various functions such as sensory perception, motor control, and coordination of bodily processes.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The chest is located in which body region?
- A.
Zygomatic
- B.
Thoracic
- C.
Pedal
- D.
Olecranal
- E.
Nasal
Correct Answer
B. ThoracicExplanation
The correct answer is Thoracic. The question is asking about the location of the chest in the body. The thoracic region refers to the area of the body that includes the chest, which contains vital organs such as the heart and lungs. Therefore, the chest is located in the thoracic region of the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The human body is categorized in structural organization. Which of the following order is correct?
- A.
Chemicals, tissues, cells, organs, systems, organisms
- B.
Organisms,systems,cells,chemicals, organs, tissues
- C.
Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms
- D.
Chemicals, cells, organs, tissues, systems, organisms
Correct Answer
C. Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organismsExplanation
The correct order of structural organization in the human body is from smallest to largest: chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms. Chemicals are the basic building blocks of all matter, followed by cells, which are the basic units of life. Cells combine to form tissues, which then come together to create organs. Organs work together in systems, and all of these systems make up the entire organism.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The arm is _________ to the hand.
- A.
Medial
- B.
Lateral
- C.
Proximal
- D.
Distal
Correct Answer
C. ProximalExplanation
The term "proximal" refers to a position that is closer to the center of the body or a specific point of reference. In this case, the arm is closer to the center of the body compared to the hand. Therefore, "proximal" is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The body region "brachial" is making reference to which area of the body?
- A.
Armpit
- B.
Great Toe
- C.
Forehead
- D.
Upper Arm
- E.
Cheek
Correct Answer
D. Upper ArmExplanation
The term "brachial" refers to the upper arm region of the body. This is the area between the shoulder and the elbow. It is commonly used to describe structures such as the brachial artery and brachial plexus, which are located in this region. Therefore, the correct answer is "Upper Arm".Rate this question:
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- 16.
The big toe or hallux is _______ to the little toe.
- A.
Medial
- B.
Intermediate
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Median
Correct Answer
A. MedialExplanation
The big toe or hallux is positioned closer to the midline of the body compared to the little toe. This is why it is considered medial to the little toe.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Name the body region of the lower back between the ribs and pelvis.
- A.
Carpal
- B.
Digital
- C.
Oral
- D.
Lumbar
- E.
Tarsal
Correct Answer
D. LumbarExplanation
The correct answer is Lumbar. The lumbar region refers to the lower back area between the ribs and pelvis. It consists of five vertebrae known as the lumbar vertebrae. This region is responsible for providing support to the upper body and allowing movement and flexibility in the lower back.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In the anatomical position the subject
- A.
Is lying down.
- B.
Has arms placed above the head.
- C.
Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms backwards.
- D.
Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.
Correct Answer
D. Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.Explanation
The correct answer is "is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward." In the anatomical position, the subject is standing upright with the arms at the sides and the palms facing forward. This position is used as a reference point for describing the location and orientation of various body parts.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Imagine a line drawn between the eyes to make a right and left side, what type of plane would that be considered?
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Anterior
Correct Answer
B. SagittalExplanation
A line drawn between the eyes to make a right and left side would be considered a sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves, and in this case, it is dividing the body along the midline between the eyes. This plane allows for the analysis of structures and movements in the body from a side view perspective.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Each of the following is a component of the digestive tract, except the
- A.
Colon.
- B.
Stomach.
- C.
Pharynx.
- D.
Esophagus.
- E.
Bladder.
Correct Answer
E. Bladder.Explanation
The question asks for a component of the digestive tract, and the bladder is not part of the digestive system. The digestive tract is a series of organs that are involved in the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus. The colon, stomach, pharynx, and esophagus are all part of the digestive tract as they play important roles in the digestion and absorption of food. However, the bladder is part of the urinary system, which is responsible for the storage and elimination of urine.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The plane that divides the body into posterior and anterior parts is called the
- A.
Oblique plane
- B.
Midsaggital plane
- C.
Transverse plane
- D.
Frontal plane
- E.
Saggital plane
Correct Answer
D. Frontal planeExplanation
The frontal plane is the correct answer because it is the plane that divides the body into posterior (back) and anterior (front) parts. It is also known as the coronal plane. This plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes.Rate this question:
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- 22.
All of the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT:
- A.
Vitamin D synthesis
- B.
Negative feedback control of blood pressure
- C.
Thermoregulation
- D.
Barrier against infection
- E.
Sensation
Correct Answer
B. Negative feedback control of blood pressureExplanation
The skin performs various important functions such as vitamin D synthesis, thermoregulation, acting as a barrier against infection, and sensation. However, it does not play a direct role in the negative feedback control of blood pressure. This function is primarily regulated by the cardiovascular system and the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The foot is _________ to the knee.
- A.
Medial
- B.
Lateral
- C.
Proximal
- D.
Distal
Correct Answer
D. DistalExplanation
The foot is located further away from the knee, making it distal to the knee.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Terms that refer to the backside of the body include
- A.
Ventral: Dorsal
- B.
Ventral: Proximal
- C.
Distal:Superficial
- D.
Dorsal:Posterior
Correct Answer
D. Dorsal:PosteriorExplanation
The terms "dorsal" and "posterior" both refer to the backside of the body. "Dorsal" is a term used to describe the upper side or back of an organism, while "posterior" refers to the back or rear end of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "Dorsal: Posterior."Rate this question:
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- 25.
Functions of epithelia include all of the following
- A.
Providing physical protection
- B.
Absorption
- C.
Controlling permeablity
- D.
Storing energy reserves
- E.
Producing specialized secretions
Correct Answer(s)
A. Providing physical protection
B. Absorption
C. Controlling permeablity
E. Producing specialized secretionsExplanation
Epithelial tissues are responsible for providing physical protection to underlying tissues and organs by forming a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and harmful substances. They also play a crucial role in absorption, allowing the passage of nutrients, ions, and other substances from the external environment into the body. Epithelia control permeability by selectively allowing the movement of substances across their layers. Additionally, some epithelial cells are specialized to produce secretions such as mucus, enzymes, hormones, or sweat, which are essential for various bodily functions.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
- A.
Cartilage, bone, and collagen
- B.
Tendons, ligaments and elastic ligaments
- C.
Collagen, reticular and elastic
- D.
Polar, cellular and permeable
- E.
Loose, dense and irregular
Correct Answer
C. Collagen, reticular and elasticExplanation
The correct answer is collagen, reticular and elastic. These three types of protein fibers are found in connective tissue. Collagen fibers provide strength and support, reticular fibers form a network-like structure, and elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and recoil.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The sternum is ___________ to the spinal cord
- A.
Inferior
- B.
Anterior
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Distal
Correct Answer
B. AnteriorExplanation
The sternum is positioned in front of or anterior to the spinal cord. This means that the sternum is located towards the front of the body, while the spinal cord runs along the back.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What are the four basic tissues?
- A.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
- B.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and digestive system
- C.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and brain
- D.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and proteins
Correct Answer
A. Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerveExplanation
The correct answer is epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve. These are the four basic tissues in the human body. Epithelial tissue covers and lines various organs and body surfaces. Connective tissue provides support and connects different body parts. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement and contraction. Nerve tissue allows for communication and transmission of signals throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is correct?
- A.
Integumentary system: skin, glands, and nose
- B.
Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
- C.
Endocrine system: lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus
- D.
Digestive system: nose, trachea, and lungs
Correct Answer
B. Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organsExplanation
The correct answer is the nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and coordinating body functions. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, while the nerves and sense organs are part of the peripheral nervous system. Together, they allow us to perceive and respond to our environment, control our movements, and regulate bodily functions. The other options listed do not accurately describe the components of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The brain is _________ to the toes
- A.
Inferior
- B.
Lateral
- C.
Superior
- D.
Proximal
Correct Answer
C. SuperiorExplanation
The brain is superior to the toes because it is located above or higher in position compared to the toes. The term "superior" refers to a higher position or location in relation to another body part. In this case, it indicates that the brain is positioned above the toes.Rate this question:
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- 31.
which of the following is the study of tissues?
- A.
Histology
- B.
Biopsy
- C.
Pathologist
- D.
Anatomy
Correct Answer
A. HistologyExplanation
Histology is the study of tissues, specifically the microscopic structure and organization of cells within tissues. It involves the examination of tissue samples under a microscope to understand their composition, function, and relationships. Biopsy is a procedure to obtain tissue samples for histological examination. Pathologists are medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and study of diseases through the examination of tissues. Anatomy, on the other hand, is the study of the structure and organization of the body and its parts, including tissues.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Name the tissue that moves food through the digestive tract
- A.
Skeletal
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Smooth
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
C. SmoothExplanation
Smooth muscle tissue is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control, smooth muscle is involuntary and contracts rhythmically to push food along the digestive system. This type of muscle is found in the walls of the digestive organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and esophagus. Smooth muscle contractions are coordinated by the enteric nervous system, which ensures the proper movement and digestion of food throughout the digestive tract.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which tissue type is found in external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube
- A.
Bone
- B.
Elastic
- C.
Hyaline
- D.
Reticular
Correct Answer
B. ElasticExplanation
Elastic tissue is found in the external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube. This type of tissue is characterized by its ability to stretch and recoil, allowing it to maintain shape and function in these areas that require flexibility and movement. Elastic fibers within the tissue provide resilience and elasticity, allowing for the necessary movements and vibrations involved in hearing and swallowing.Rate this question:
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- 34.
which tissue type contains more extracellular matrix than cells?
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Connective
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
B. ConnectiveExplanation
Connective tissue contains more extracellular matrix than cells. This is because connective tissue is made up of cells scattered within an abundant extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix consists of fibers, ground substance, and fluid, which provide structural support, flexibility, and cushioning to the cells. In contrast, epithelial tissue is primarily composed of cells tightly packed together, with little extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue and nervous tissue also have less extracellular matrix compared to connective tissue, as they are mainly composed of specialized cells that are closely packed together.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which tissue type has elongated cells that shorten and cause movement?
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Connective
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
C. MuscleExplanation
Muscle tissue is the correct answer because it is composed of elongated cells called muscle fibers that have the unique ability to shorten and contract, resulting in movement. These cells contain proteins that slide past each other, causing the muscle to contract and generate force. Muscle tissue is responsible for various types of movement in the body, including voluntary movements like walking and running, as well as involuntary movements like the beating of the heart and digestion.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which tissue type has cells that contain processes that recieve and generate electrical signals to communicate with other cells?
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Connective
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Nervous
Correct Answer
D. NervousExplanation
The correct answer is nervous because nervous tissue is responsible for generating and transmitting electrical signals, allowing communication between cells. Nervous tissue contains specialized cells called neurons, which have long processes called axons and dendrites that enable them to send and receive electrical signals, known as nerve impulses. These impulses allow for communication between neurons and other cells in the body, enabling the coordination of various physiological functions and responses.Rate this question:
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- 37.
which of the following is known as the ground substances and fibers?
- A.
Fibrocartlidge
- B.
Hyaline cartlidge
- C.
Plasma
- D.
Matrix
Correct Answer
D. MatrixExplanation
The ground substances and fibers in the body are collectively known as the matrix. The matrix provides structural support and acts as a medium for cell communication and nutrient exchange. It consists of various substances such as proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and water. Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage are types of connective tissues found in the matrix, but they are not the specific terms used to refer to the ground substances and fibers. Plasma, on the other hand, refers to the liquid component of blood and is not directly related to the ground substances and fibers.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which is correct?
- A.
Vetebral column is anterior to the lungs
- B.
Lungs are inferior to the brain
- C.
Brain is anterior to the liver
- D.
Liver is superior to the heart
Correct Answer
B. Lungs are inferior to the brainExplanation
The correct answer is that the lungs are inferior to the brain. This means that the lungs are located below the brain in the body. The term "inferior" refers to a position that is lower or below another structure. In this case, the brain is positioned higher in the body than the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which is correct?
- A.
Eyes are lateral to the nose
- B.
Elbow is distal to the arm
- C.
Skin is internal to the muscles
- D.
Elbow is proximal to the knee
Correct Answer
A. Eyes are lateral to the noseExplanation
The correct answer is "eyes are lateral to the nose." Lateral refers to the side or outer part of the body, while medial refers to the midline or inner part. In this case, the eyes are positioned on the sides of the face, away from the midline where the nose is located. Therefore, the eyes are indeed lateral to the nose.Rate this question:
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- 40.
a body plane that divided the body into equal right and left halves is called what?
- A.
Sagittal and coronal
- B.
Midsagittal
- C.
Parasagittal
- D.
Coronal (frontal)
Correct Answer
B. MidsagittalExplanation
The correct answer is midsagittal. A body plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is called the midsagittal plane. This plane passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into symmetrical halves. It is also known as the median sagittal plane. Sagittal and coronal planes are not specifically mentioned as dividing the body into equal halves, and parasagittal refers to a plane that is parallel to the sagittal plane but does not pass through the midline.Rate this question:
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- 41.
WHO AM I? DESCRIPTION: CLEAR GLASSY MATRIX, FINE COLLAGEN FIBERS, NOT USUALLY VISIBLE, CHONDROCYTES IN SMALL CLUSTERS OF 3 OR 4, ENCLOSED IN LUCANAE, USUALLY COVERED PERICHONDRIUM FUNCTION: EASES JOINT MOVEMENT, HOLDS AIRWAY OPEN, MOVES VOCAL CHORDS LOCATION: FORMS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OVER ENDS OF BONES, COSTAL CATILAGE ATTACHES THE END OF A RIB AND FORMS RINGS AROUND TRACHEA AND BRONCHI, FORMS BOXLIKE ENCLOSURE AROUND LARYNX, FETAL SKELETON
- A.
HYALINE CARTILAGE
- B.
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
- C.
COMPACT BONE
- D.
MUSCLE TISSUE
Correct Answer
A. HYALINE CARTILAGEExplanation
Hyaline cartilage is the correct answer because it matches the given description and functions. It has a clear glassy matrix and fine collagen fibers that are not usually visible. Chondrocytes are found in small clusters enclosed in lucanae. It is usually covered by perichondrium. Hyaline cartilage eases joint movement, holds the airway open, and moves vocal chords. It is located in various parts of the body such as forming articulating cartilage over the ends of bones, costal cartilage attaching the end of a rib, forming rings around the trachea and bronchi, and forming a boxlike enclosure around the larynx and fetal skeleton.Rate this question:
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