Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 5 Testbank

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the factors mentioned - farming systems and agricultural practices, climatic and environmental changes, political instability and corrupt governments, and war and famine - can affect the sustainability of food production. These factors can have various impacts on food production, such as affecting the availability of resources, disrupting farming practices, and causing instability in food supply chains. Therefore, it is important to consider and address all of these factors in order to ensure the sustainability of food production.

The changes in primary resources that are likely to increase food production include more intensive and productive use of existing land, more efficient irrigation methods such as spray and drip, and genetic engineering of plants and animals. These changes can lead to higher crop yields and improved agricultural practices, resulting in increased food production.

General economic development and integration of trade between developing and developed countries would be the most effective strategy in reducing poverty in the world. This is because it would lead to increased economic opportunities, job creation, and income generation for people in developing countries. It would also promote the transfer of technology, knowledge, and skills, which can further contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. Additionally, trade integration can help developing countries access larger markets, diversify their economies, and attract foreign direct investment, all of which can contribute to poverty reduction.

Developing countries experiencing the nutrition transition generally have a high rate of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and a high rate of infectious diseases with associated morbidity and mortality. The nutrition transition refers to the shift in dietary patterns and lifestyles that occur as countries undergo economic development and urbanization. This transition often leads to an increase in the consumption of processed foods high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and salt, resulting in a higher prevalence of NCDs such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, these countries may still face a significant burden of infectious diseases due to poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare, and other factors.

Food security is defined as a food supply that is safe, in sufficient quantities, and is satisfactory to a range of consumers. This means that not only should the food be free from any potential threats or contaminants, but it should also be available in enough quantities to meet the needs of the population. Additionally, the food should be satisfactory to a wide range of consumers, taking into account their preferences, dietary requirements, and cultural considerations. Overall, food security encompasses the safety, adequacy, and acceptability of the food supply.

The correct answer is a and b. Biodiversity of the food supply is recommended for improving and maintaining health because it reduces reliance on one food source and provides a more resilient system. Having a variety of food sources reduces the risk of nutrient deficiencies and ensures a balanced diet. It also helps to mitigate the impact of climate change, pests, and diseases on food production. By promoting biodiversity in the food supply, we can enhance food security and sustainability. The option c, encouraging a vegetarian diet, is not directly related to the benefits of biodiversity in the food supply.

Joelene, being 16 years old, unemployed, and not having finished school, is more likely to be at risk of food insecurity. As a minor, she may not have the means or resources to secure a stable income or access to food. Her lack of education and employment opportunities further contribute to her vulnerability. Without a support system or the ability to provide for herself, Joelene is at a higher risk of experiencing food insecurity compared to the other individuals mentioned.

The recycling of human urine is being used as a measure to solve the secondary resource issue of phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is typically obtained through mining or the use of chemical fertilizers. However, these methods are not sustainable in the long term. By recycling urine, which contains high levels of phosphorus, it can be used as a natural fertilizer, reducing the need for mining and chemical fertilizers, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices.

The current farming practices in Western countries have been shaped almost entirely by economic imperatives. This means that the primary driving force behind these practices is the need to maximize profits and ensure economic viability. Farmers prioritize methods and techniques that are cost-effective and yield high returns. This focus on economic imperatives often leads to the adoption of intensive farming methods, use of chemical inputs, and mechanization. While other factors like sustainability, biodiversity, environmental considerations, and traditional practices may also play a role, they are not as influential in shaping the current farming practices as economic imperatives.

The correct answer is "Education for farmers and processors to increase yield and efficiency". This answer is supported by the statement that food production will need to be maintained or increased for at least the next 100 years. By providing education to farmers and processors, they can learn new techniques and technologies to improve their yield and efficiency in producing food. This will help meet the increasing demand for food in the future. The other options, such as the identification of new water sources and reduced reliance on machinery, may also contribute to increasing food production but are not explicitly mentioned in the given statement.